Pyskowice

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Pyskowice
Peiskretscham
Pyskowice Coat of Arms
Pyskowice Peiskretscham (Poland)
Pyskowice Peiskretscham
Pyskowice
Peiskretscham
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : Gliwicki (Gleiwitz)
Area : 31.14  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 24 '  N , 18 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 23 '51 "  N , 18 ° 37' 46"  E
Residents : 18,432
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 44-120
Telephone code : (+48) 32
License plate : SGL
Economy and Transport
Street : Bytom - Ujest
Rail route : Gliwice – Pyskowice
Pyskowice – Opole
Next international airport : Katowice-Pyrzowice
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Residents: 18,432
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 2405021
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor : Wacław Kęska
Address: ul.Strzelców Bytomskich 3
44-120 Pyskowice
Website : www.pyskowice.pl



Pyskowice [ pɨskɔˈvitsɛ ] ( German Peiskretscham ) is a town in the powiat Gliwicki ( Gliwice District ) in the Polish Voivodeship of Silesia . The municipality has about 19,000 inhabitants.

Geographical location

The city is located in the Upper Silesia region on the Drama River at 227 m above sea level. NHN , about 15 kilometers north of Gliwice . It borders in the west on the municipality of Rudziniec ( Rudzinitz ) and in the north on the municipality of Toszek ( Tost ).

Peiskretscham southeast of Tost and north of Gleiwitz on a map from 1905

history

Town hall on the ring with the Marian column
Peiskretscham on a map from 1740
The ring
Parish Church of St. Nicholas

Today's Pyskowice was first mentioned on June 26, 1256.

According to an old tradition, there was a large Kretscham (restaurant) not far from the Drama river . It is likely that the place Pyskowice arose around the Kretscham, so the Kretscham was the reason for the establishment of the place. This fact contributed to the fact that the place Pyskowice was also called Pisko-Kretscham (Peiskretscham).

Since 1327 the names Piscowice and Peiskretscham existed side by side. The form Peiskretscham was first mentioned on February 19, 1327 as "Peyzenchreschin". The Latin name is Pasqua. The term “Weißkretscham” also appeared in the 16th century.

Around 1540 in Peiskretscham there were 34 houses on the ring within the ramparts and a further 63 houses in the surrounding streets. Each house had a hop garden.

On June 22nd, 1822, when large parts of the population were absent for pilgrimages in Annaberg or at the annual market in Lublinitz , the city was almost completely devastated by a great fire. 171 houses and 93 outbuildings were burned.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Peiskretscham had a Protestant church, three Catholic churches, a synagogue , a Catholic school teachers' college, an orphanage and was the seat of a district court .

When after the First World War, on 20th March 1921 carried out referendum in 2503 voters voted (73.6% of the votes) for a destination in the event Germany, 895 for Poland (26.3%). The turnout was 95.9%. Peiskretscham remained with the German Empire (Weimar Republic). In 1933 the population rose to 7,428, in 1939 it was 7,716.

In 1945 Peiskretscham was in the district of Tost-Gleiwitz , administrative district of Katowice , the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Empire .

Towards the end of the Second World War , the region was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . After the end of the war, the German town was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union . The Polish place name Pyskowice was introduced. Most of the native urban population has been evicted by the local Polish administrative authority .

The city was attached to the Silesian Voivodeship after the end of the war and became part of the Katowice Voivodeship in 1950 . In 1999 the place came as a municipality to the re-established Powiat Gliwicki .

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year population Remarks
1811 1938
1815 1749
1816 1976
1820 2271
1825 2648 including 46 Evangelicals, 2406 Catholics, 196 Jews
1830 3027
1840 3322 including 79 Evangelicals, 2985 Catholics, 258 Jews
1850 3239
1855 3402
1858 3498
1861 3774 65 Protestants, 3478 Catholics, 231 Jews
1867 3676 on December 3rd
1871 3773 100 Protestants, 210 Jews (2000 Poles ); According to other information, 3773 inhabitants (on December 1), of which 66 are Protestants, 3499 Catholics, one other Christian, 207 Jews
1905 4865 including 259 Evangelicals, 132 Jews
1910 5331 on December 1st
1933 7428
1939 7716

In the 2002 census, 16,671 of the 19,574 inhabitants stated their nationality was “Polish” (85.2%), 437 people stated “German” (2.2%) and 369 people stated “Silesian” (1.9 %). 524 residents speak German (2.7%).

Attractions

Protestant church

politics

Town twinning

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows two towers and a defensive wall. The towers are said to go back to the earlier castle. In the meantime, instead of the defensive wall, there was a crescent moon or a boat in the coat of arms.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The High Street from Wroclaw to Cracow used to be of great importance to the city . The Kretscham mentioned above can be seen as a rest stop.

State road 40 to Głogówek begins in the city , and after about 13 kilometers it crosses the A4 autostrada . State road 94 also runs through the city.

Peiskretscham owed an economic boom at the end of the 19th century to the railway, as the Oppeln – Groß Strehlitz – Bytom line runs through Peiskretscham and branches off a line to Gleiwitz . The originally large marshalling yard has been closed and almost completely demolished.

There was also a sand railway line into the Upper Silesian industrial area .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities associated with the city

  • Johannes Chrząszcz (1857–1928), regional historian, from 1890 to 1928 pastor in Peiskretscham.

literature

Web links

Commons : Pyskowice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Peißkrotschamb in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 15, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 541.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 495 .
  4. ^ A b Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, p. 175 .
  5. ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, pp. 991-992 .
  6. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, pp. 895-896 .
  7. ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 471, paragraph 25 .
  8. ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 324–325, item 3 .
  9. ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  10. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. gleiwitz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).