Knurów
| Knurów | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Gliwice | ||
| Area : | 33.95 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 13 ' N , 18 ° 41' E | ||
| Residents : | 38,310 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 44-190 to 44-196 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 32 | ||
| License plate : | SGL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Zabrze –Knurów | ||
| A1 motorway | |||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Residents: | 38,310 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 2405011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2008) | |||
| City President : | Adam Rams | ||
| Address: | ul.Ogana 5 44-190 Knurów |
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| Website : | www.knurow.pl | ||
Knurów [ ˈknuruf ] ( German Knurow, outdated Knauersdorf ) is a town in the powiat Gliwicki of the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland .
geography
Geographical location
Knurów is located around 20 kilometers west of Katowice , 15 km northeast of Rybnik and seven kilometers south of the district town of Gliwice (Gleiwitz) on the southwestern edge of the Upper Silesian industrial area on an eastern tributary of the Birawka .
Neighboring communities
The urban area borders on the municipalities and cities of Gliwice in the north, Gierałtowice and Ornontowice in the east, Czerwionka-Leszczyny in the south and Pilchowice in the west.
City structure
Knurów is divided into the inner city in the north of the urban area and the southwestern districts of Krywałd (Kriewald) and Szczygłowice (Schyglowitz).
history
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The place Cnurowicz was mentioned for the first time in a list of possessions of the diocese of Breslau from the end of the 13th century ( Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis ) . Even then, Knurów was a scholtisei , which did not change until the middle of the 15th century when the place became a manor . The first owner Peter von Knurow is attested in a document dated July 13, 1483. The place shared the fate of the Gliwice Land, with this it came to Bohemia in 1339 and to Habsburg in 1526 . Knurow became the property of the Rauden Cistercians in 1730 and came to Prussia in 1742 .
The scrap wood church of St. Laurentius was built in Knurow as early as the 14th century . For their massive tower, bells were cast in Lorraine in 1655 , donated by the new Knurow owner Adam Goszycki . It also contained the beautiful Madonna von Knurow . The 113 cm high, Gothic figure was created in 1420 and is now in the Archdiocesan Museum in Katowice . The old parish of Knurow, then Knauersdorf , is documented as a parish in 1447 , but lost its independence as a branch of Gieraltowitz during the Thirty Years' War and was only raised to an independent parish again on July 1, 1915. For the year 1534 there is the spelling Knaurszdorff of the place name.
At the end of the 19th century, the Rybnik district , to which the village and manor Knurrow (the name customary in the 19th century) belonged, began to operate coal mining . The area around Knurow was also rich in coal deposits and the farming village, which had 849 inhabitants in 1871, developed into an industrial settlement with 4,339 inhabitants in 1910. On June 7, 1902, the Prussian state bought the place for 1.73 million marks and in 1903 construction began on the first mine in Knurow, which began operations in 1906 and was named after the Prussian chief miner Gustav von Velsen (1847–1923). A coking plant followed later . For this purpose, two ovens were built between 1913 and 1914. In addition, the place received better transport connections to Gleiwitz and Rybnik with new streets, some of which were paved . In 1908 Knurow found a connection to the railway line to Gieraltowitz . Because of the rapid increase in population, a total of 821 new apartments were built between 1904 and 1910. These were partly in the four newly created workers' colonies. The infrastructure was also expanded to include a miners' hospital, a hotel and many shops. The largest operation in today's urban area was the chemical plant in Kriewald. It was established as a gunpowder factory by the United Rheinisch-Westfälische Schwarzpulverfabrik in Cologne as early as 1875 . The black powder was indispensable as an explosive device for the coal mines. During the First World War , the factory was a vital operation.
During the third Silesian uprising , the referendum in Upper Silesia took place on March 20, 1921, in which about 37% of the valid votes in Knurow were cast for Germany.
On July 26, 1921, two freight wagons with ammonium nitrate exploded in Kriewald . Because of the hardening of the material it had become a habit to break it up with small blasts. This led to an explosion in which 19 people died. The cause of the explosion at the Oppau nitrogen works only two months later was identical, but a mixture with 50% ammonium sulphate was produced and stored there, which was no longer considered explosive.
Since 1922 Knurow and its current districts belonged to Poland. The border with Germany ran directly north of the local border. Over time, Knurów began to look more and more like a town. New businesses and residential buildings were built, and finally a new town hall (1928–1929). In 1935 Knurów lost its most important architectural monument with the Laurentius Church. The church was moved to Chorzów in 1935 , where it can be found to this day. Two years later, construction of a new church began. The modern building was dedicated to Saints Method and Cyril . During the attack on Poland at the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, the city was occupied by the German Wehrmacht and called Knurow again, but there were plans to rename the place Knauersdorf.
The Red Army reached the place on January 26, 1945 at 3:00 p.m. Knurów was not destroyed at the end of the war, so that economic life soon returned to normal after the factories were reopened. On December 1, 1945, on a decision of the voivode of November 27, 1945, the community Szczygłowice and its district Krywałd were incorporated into Knurów, which now had over 10,000 inhabitants. This was also a first step towards the city elevation , which took place on January 1, 1951. In the new town of Knurów, the existing industrial plants were expanded and in 1957 a new coal mine followed in the Szczygłowice district, which opened on July 1, 1961. In the 1970s the city had about 29,000 inhabitants. In 1987 a mining health center was established. In the course of the structural change after the political change in Poland in 1989, some unprofitable businesses had to be closed in the city. Others, like the local coal mines, have been modernized and new businesses outside of heavy industry are emerging to counter the rising unemployment rate.
Population development
The population of Knurów according to the respective territorial status (including manor district):
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Twin cities
The city of Knurów has partnerships with the following cities:
- Kazincbarcika ( Hungary ) since 1996
- Svit ( Slovakia ) since 2000
Attractions
- The construction of the Catholic parish church St. Method and Kyrill began in 1937. However, interrupted by the Second World War, it dragged on for ten years, so that the classically modern, neo-baroque building could not be consecrated until 1947.
- Even if the town of Knurów does not have a listed building, the Knurow workers' colonies from 1900 to 1921 deserve attention. They were built in the vicinity of the Von Velsen shafts , for which a large inn (1905), a miners' hospital and the mine management (both from 1912) were built. The town planner Karl Henrici designed the colonies according to the scheme of a garden city with houses for workers and officials. The historically valuable building fabric is not under monument protection and is more and more abandoned to decay. For example, the demolition of half of the civil servants' houses on Dworcowa Street for the construction of a motorway access was not stopped by the Voivodeship Monuments Office.
sons and daughters of the town
- Anselmo Pietrulla OFM (1906–1992), religious, bishop in Brazil
- Henryk Janduda (1924–2008), Polish-German football player
- Krystyna Szumilas (* 1956), politician, member of the Sejm
- Henryk Bałuszyński (1972–2012), Polish football player
- Janosch Dziwior (* 1974), German soccer player and coach
- Tomasz Copik (* 1978), Polish football player
Web links
- City website (Polish)
- Miasto Knurów News (Polish)
- Wirtualny Knurów (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ See http://www.markuskrzoska.de/knurow.htm
- ↑ a b See http://www.cyryl-metody.katowice.opoka.org.pl/index.php?link=historia/historia.html
- ↑ a b cf. Johann Georg Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preuss. Province of Silesia. Wroclaw 1845
- ↑ Cf. Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien. Wroclaw 1865
- ↑ Explosion of 30 t of ammonium nitrate. N ° 17974 - 07/26/1921 - POLOGNE - 00 - KNUROW (KRIEW FOREST). In: ARIA No. 17974. BARPI - Bureau d'Analyse des Risques et Pollutions Industriels, accessed on August 11, 2020 .
- ^ Oppau - [Rhénanie] Germany. (PDF) Explosion in a nitrogenous fertilizer plant September 21, 1921. In: ARIA No. 14373. French Ministry of Environment - DPPR / SEI / BARPI, March 2008, accessed August 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Tor E. Kristensen: A factual clarification and chemical-technical reassessment of the 1921 Oppau explosion disaster. (PDF; 1.5 MB) the unforeseen explosivity of porous ammonium sulfate nitrate fertilizer. In: FFI-RAPPORT 16/01508. Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI), October 4, 2016, p. 37f , accessed on August 12, 2020 .
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Sources of population figures :
- 1845: [1] - 1855, 1861: [2] - 1885, 1905: Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - 1910: [3] - 1995, 2000, 2005: [4]
- ↑ See also http://katowice.wyborcza.pl/katowice/1,73757,4013734.html
Gierałtowice (Gieraltowitz) | Knurów (Knurow) | Pilchowice (Pilchowitz) | Pyskowice (Peiskretscham) | Rudziniec (Rudzinitz) | Kieferstädtel / Sośnicowice | Toszek (Tost) | Wielowieś (Langendorf)