Ujest
| Ujest Ujazd |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Opole | ||
| Powiat : | Strzelecki | ||
| Gmina : | Ujest | ||
| Area : | 14.69 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 24 ' N , 18 ° 21' E | ||
| Height : | 208 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 1785 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 47-143 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 77 | ||
| License plate : | EAST | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Bytom - Kędzierzyn-Koźle | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice Airport | ||
Ujest ( Polish Ujazd ; 1936-1945: Bischofstal ) is a town in the powiat Strzelecki of the Polish Opole Voivodeship and capital of the town-and-country municipality of the same name . The city has been bilingual (Polish and German) since 2006.
Geographical location
The city is located in the Upper Silesia region on the Klodnitz and Gliwice Canal between Kędzierzyn-Koźle ( Kandrzin-Cosel ) and Pyskowice ( Peiskretscham ) at 208 m above sea level. NHN , around 45 kilometers southeast of Opole and 50 kilometers northwest of Katowice .
history
The first mention of the circuitio iuxta Cozli as a possession of the diocese of Breslau comes from the year 1155. In 1222 Duke Casimir I granted the Breslau bishop Lorenz permission to settle Germans in the episcopal area of Ujest. During the reign of Bishop Lorenz, the Neisser Vogt founded the town of Ujest with the villages of Alt Ujest , Niesdrowitz , Jarischau and Kaltwasser in 1223, and Klutschau was added in 1239 . This is also the oldest documented settlement activity by the diocese of Wroclaw at all.
The Ujester Halt , as the episcopal property in the Duchy of Opole was called, was expanded to include several villages, and the dukes' attempt to compete with episcopal colonization soon failed and the city rights were withdrawn from the ducal Slaventzitz .
The Ujester Halt was sold from the episcopal property in 1443 and since then has been owned by various noble houses, which built Ujest Castle in 1580 and rebuilt it several times. In 1535 a watercolor view was made by Ogest for Count Palatine Ottheinrich's travel pictures . The importance of Ujest at that time is illustrated by the wooden Klodnitz Bridge and the cityscape protected by a city wall with a castle and parish church.
In 1837 the Ujester Halt came to the princes of Hohenlohe-Öhringen , who expanded their extensive property on the Klodnitz and Birawka , which already included Slawentzitz and Bitschin ( Bycina ). In 1861, Prince Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen was awarded the title Duke of Ujest . The Duchy of Ujest covered an area of 416 km² in 1910, including three entails (Ujest, Slawentzitz and Bitschin).
At the beginning of the 20th century, Ujest had two Catholic churches (including the pilgrimage church Maria-Brunn), a synagogue , a brewery, a mill and was the seat of a local court . The city only acquired ecclesiastical importance, it was not affected by the economic and industrial boom in Upper Silesia .
In the Upper Silesian referendum in 1921, which was supposed to decide on the country's further state affiliation, 1384 of the 1545 votes cast in Ujest, i.e. almost 90 percent, were cast in favor of remaining in Germany and 161 for annexation to Poland. Ujest remained in the Weimar Republic .
Until 1945, Ujest, which was renamed Bischofstal on September 3, 1936 , belonged to the Groß Strehlitz district .
Towards the end of World War II , the region was occupied by the Red Army . After the war ended in 1945, the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union . The city was renamed Ujazd . The immigration of Polish migrants began, some of whom came from areas east of the Curzon Line , where they had belonged to the Polish minority. As far as the German natives had not fled before the end of the war, they were largely expelled by the local Polish administrative authorities .
The reconstruction of the largely burned-out city took place on the Ring mainly with new buildings, in the side streets some of the historical buildings were preserved. The castle of the princes of Hohenlohe-Öhringen was not rebuilt after its destruction and has been in ruins ever since. Especially in the rural parts of the municipality, a strong German minority was able to survive. According to the last Polish census of 2002, 25.34% of the municipality's population belonged to it, and a further 12.48% described themselves as "Silesians". The municipality has been officially bilingual since 2006 and introduced bilingual place names in 2008. On September 19, 2009 the Polish-German place-name signs were put up in the municipality of Ujest.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1783 | 840 | |
| 1816 | 1286 | |
| 1825 | 1718 | including 37 Evangelicals, 176 Jews |
| 1840 | 1272 | of which 109 Evangelicals, 1006 Catholics, 157
Jews |
| 1843 | 2312 | 80 Evangelicals, 2076 Catholics, 156 Jews |
| 1855 | 2396 | |
| 1861 | 2452 | including 76 Evangelicals, 2278 Catholics, 107 Jews; the language is German and Polish |
| 1867 | 2618 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 2524 | 90 Protestants, 130 Jews (1700 Poles ); According to other data, 2524 inhabitants (on December 1), including 61 Evangelicals, 2379 Catholics, five other Christians, 79 Jews |
| 1905 | 2214 | mostly Catholics |
| 1910 | 2058 | on December 1st, excluding castle and manor district (149 inhabitants) |
| 1933 | 2097 | |
| 1939 | 2201 |
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 3192 | |
| 1969 | 2725 | |
| 1984 | 1900 | |
| 1995 | 1758 | |
| 2000 | 1649 | |
| 2005 | 1652 |
traffic
The district Kaltwasser had a train station on the Kędzierzyn-Koźle-Kluczbork railway line .
politics
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the city of Ujest shows a red coat of arms held together by a gold prince's crown , the inside of which is made of blue ermine into a shield and covered with a golden miter flanked by two golden crooked bars .
This city coat of arms was described by Otto Hupp as early as 1898 - the original coat of arms of Ujest, documented since the 17th century, did not yet have a coat of arms, instead two horizontally mirrored towers on a blue background, flanked by two golden crooks and two silver stars on the outside.
Both central coat of arms motifs are reminiscent of the diocese of Wroclaw, which Ujest was founded and owned for a long time. The coat of arms was probably added after the title Duke of Ujest appeared .
Town twinning
Ujest has had a partnership with the German municipality of Nusplingen in Baden-Württemberg since 2001 . Since 2004 there has also been a town partnership with the Thuringian spa town of Bad Lobenstein .
Personalities
- August von Heyden managed the mines in Ujester Halt as a general representative until 1859
- Josef Treumann (1846 – around 1904), German-American journalist and author, was born in Ujest
- Julius Brzoska (1859–1930), German classical philologist and grammar school director
- Hugo Eichhof birth name Gnielczyk (1888–1977), German teacher and local historian
local community
In addition to the city, the urban and rural community of Ujest has eleven villages with school offices.
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 300-302 .
- V. Loewe: History of the City of Ujest ; Opole, 1923
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 19, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 876 .
- ↑ View of the city in the travel album of Count Palatine Ottheinrich 1536/37
- ↑ See Landsmannschaft der Oberschlesier in Karlsruhe: Voting in the area of Tarnowitz
- ↑ See ujazd.pl ; down. on April 4, 2008
- ^ The figures from the 2002 census ( Memento from March 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 4, 2008
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 300-302 .
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5, T – Z , Halle 1823, p. 55, item 187 .
- ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, pp. 1034-1035 .
- ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 943 .
- ^ A b Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, pp. 174-175 .
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 261, paragraph 93 .
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 312–313, item 3 .
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ a b M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ^ Heinz Rudolf Fritsche: Silesia signpost. Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1996.
- ^ Encyclopedia Powszechna PWN.
- ↑ a b c Główny Urząd Statystyczny: BDR: Strona główna ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
