Groß Strehlitz district

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Groß Strehlitz district on a map from 1905
Location of the district in the province of Upper Silesia

The district of Groß Strehlitz was a Prussian district in Upper Silesia that existed from 1743 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Groß Strehlitz . The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

In the Principality of Opole , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, Prussian circles were formed from the old Silesian soft images , including the Groß Strehlitz district. Joseph Anton von Larisch was appointed as the first district administrator in the Groß Strehlitz district. The group initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned. During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the boundaries of the district were changed:

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole .

When on 20 March 1921 under the Treaty of Versailles performed Upper Silesia plebiscite Although a slim majority of 23,046 (50.7%) to 22,415 (49.3%) voted voices in the district of Gross Strehlitz for connection to Poland, yet remained the entire circle by the resolutions of the Paris Ambassadors Conference completely with Germany.

On January 1, 1927, the rural communities of Heine and Mischline were reclassified from the Groß Strehlitz district to the Guttentag district . On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Groß Strehlitz district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved except for one uninhabited forest district and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On April 1, 1939, the community was Karmerau from the district Opole reclassified in the district of Gross Strehlitz showing the term since 1 January 1939 in accordance with the rich now unified arrangements district led. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . After that, the influx of Polish civilians began in the district area, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year Residents source
1795 18,247
1819 24,697
1846 48,477
1871 61.264
1885 65,302
1900 71,522
1910 73,383
1925 77,638
1939 93,621

In the 1910 census, 79% of the residents of the Groß Strehlitz district described themselves as purely Polish -speaking and 17% as purely German-speaking . In the 1939 census, 94% of the population were Catholic and 5% Protestant .

District administrators

1743–1748 00Joseph Anton von Larisch
1752–1758 00Johann Wenzel von Schneckenhaus
1759–1763 00Karl August von Raczeck
1763–1765 00Gottfried Diprand von Reibnitz
1765–1766 00Carl Andreas von Wehner
1766–1770 00Carl Andreas von Arnold
1770–1772 00Johann Bernhard von Brixen-Montzel
1773–1780 Ernst Wilhelm Benjamin von Korckwitz00
1780–1784 00Peter Christoph Gotthilf von Baumgarten
1784–1790 00Gustav von Larisch
1790–1793 00Johannes Ernst von Sack
1793–1797 00Gustav Johann von Welczek
1797-1815 00by Ivernois
1815-1832 00by Crousaz
1832 0000000Liersz (acting)
1832 0000000Wilhelm Elsner
1832-1844 00from Thun
1844–1845 00Carl von Richthofen
1845–1869 00Ernst Bürde
1869–1874 Carl Bischoff00
1875-1883 Carl Rudolph00
1883–1917 Viktor von Alten00
1917–1926 00Alfred Grospietsch
1926–1933 00Clemens Werber
1933–1934 Friedrich von Alten00
1934–1940 Walter Klausa00
1940–1941 00Gerhard Behrend
1941–1943 00Heinz Theodor Schmidt (acting)
1943–1945 00Walter Schwarz

Local constitution

Since the 19th century, the Groß Strehlitz district has been divided into the towns of Groß Strehlitz, Leschnitz (from 1936: Bergstadt) and Ujest (from 1936: Bischofstal), in rural communities and independent manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Administrative structure

Districts

Around 1928, the district was divided into the following administrative districts :

  • Blottnitz
  • Chorulla
  • Deschowitz
  • Freivogtei Leschnitz (Freidorf)
  • Gogolin
  • Big stone
  • Heaven joke
  • Kadlub
  • Kalinowitz
  • Keltsch
  • Kolonnowska
  • Ottmuth
  • Rosmierka
  • Salesche
  • Sandowitz (later Zawadzki)
  • Schimischow
  • Groß Strehlitz Castle (later Groß Strehlitz Land)
  • Ujest Castle (later Ujest Land)
  • Stubendorf
  • Wierchlesch
  • Wyssoka (later Annaberg)
  • Zyrowa

Communities

In 1928, the Groß Strehlitz district comprised three cities and 84 rural communities:

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The municipality-free forestry district Malepartus also belonged to the district.

Incorporation until 1939
  • Adamowitz , on September 30, 1928 at Groß Strehlitz
  • Freidorf, on April 1, 1935 in Leschnitz
  • Gräflich Karmerau , on October 1, 1939 in Karmerau
  • Hohenkirch , on April 1, 1939 in Sankt Annaberg
  • Leschnitz, Freivogtei , on September 30, 1928 in Freidorf
  • Mokrolohna , on November 1, 1928 at Groß Strehlitz
  • Schironowitz-Posadowsky, on January 1, 1933 in Schironowitz
  • Schironowitz-Renard, to Schironowitz on January 1, 1933
  • Sucholohna , on September 30, 1928 at Groß Strehlitz

Place names

In 1936 and occasionally even earlier, extensive changes and Germanizations of place names took place in the Groß Strehlitz district:

  • Alt Ujest → Alt Bischofstal
  • Balzarowitz → Schönwiese OS
  • Blottnitz → Quellengrund
  • Boritsch → Schildbach
  • Borowian → Kruppamühle
  • Bresina → Lower birch trees
  • Centawa → Haldenau
  • Chorulla → Steinfurt OS
  • Deschowitz → Odertal OS
  • Dollna → Niederkirch
  • Dombrowka → Klein Eichen OS
  • Gonschiorowitz → Quellental
  • Goradze → Waldenstein
  • Grabow → hornbeam
  • Grodisko → Burghof
  • Groß Pluschnitz → Marklinden
  • Groß Stanisch → Groß Zeidel
  • Jeschona → Eschendorf
  • Kadlub → Starenheim
  • Kadlubietz → Annatal
  • Kalinow → Blossomau
  • Kalinowitz → Elsenruh
  • Karlubitz → Karlshorst OS
  • Keltsch → Keilerswalde
  • Klein Stanisch → Klein Zeidel
  • Klutschau → key reason
  • Kolonnowska → Grafenweiler
  • Krasowa → Klein Walden
  • Krempa → Ambach
  • Kroschnitz → Auendorf
  • Kzienzowiesch → Freidorf (before 1928)
  • Lasisk → Lasen
  • Leschnitz → Bergstadt, Stadt
  • Mallnie → Odergrund
  • Niesdrowitz → new bridges
  • Niewke → Great new territory
  • Nogowschütz → Wangschütz
  • Oderwanz → Oderhöh
  • Oleschka → Nieder Erlen
  • Olschowa → Erlenbusch OS
  • Oschiek → Karlstal
  • Poremba → Mariengrund
  • Posnowitz → Einsiedel OS
  • Rosmierka → Groß Maßdorf
  • Rosmierz → Angerbach OS
  • Rosniontau → Kurzbach
  • Roswadze → Annengrund
  • Salesche → Groß Walden
  • Schedlitz → Alt Siedel
  • Schewkowitz → Frauenfeld
  • Schimischow → Heuerstein
  • Schironowitz → Grünheide OS
  • Suchau → Strelau
  • Sucho-Danietz → dry field
  • Ujest → Bischofstal, city
  • Warmuntowitz → Niedersteine ​​OS
  • Wierchlesch → Hohenwalde OS
  • Wyssoka → Hohenkirch
  • Zawadzki → Andreashütte
  • Zyrowa → Buchenhöh

literature

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Groß Strehlitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
  2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
  5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
  6. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
  8. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 90 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
  10. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
  11. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
  12. ↑ a b www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
  13. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. strehlitz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  14. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)
  15. ↑ a b District of Groß Strehlitz administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.