District of Rosenberg OS

District of Rosenberg OS
coat of arms
Prussian Province	Silesia (1816–1919, 1938–1941) Upper Silesia (1919–1938, 1941–1945)
Administrative district	Opole
County seat	Rosenberg OS
Last district administrator	Joachim Jenkner (1942–1945)
surface	899 km² (1910)
Residents	56,157 (1939)
Cities	2
Communities	70 (1928)
Location of the district of Rosenberg OS

The district of Rosenberg OS (OS = Upper Silesia) was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1743 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Rosenberg OS. The former district area is now in the Polish Opole Voivodeship .

Administrative history

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

In the Principality of Opole , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, Prussian circles were formed from the old Silesian soft images , including the Rosenberg district. Carl Friedrich von Blacha was appointed as the first district administrator in the Rosenberg district . The group initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole district, the village of Kobyllno moved from the Rosenberg district to the Opole district .

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and a separate province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole .

Although around 80% of the residents of the district were Polish-speaking, in the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, only 32% of the voters voted for cession to Poland and 68% for remaining with Germany, which is why the district was decided by the Paris Ambassadors Conference remained completely with Germany.

On January 1, 1927, the rural community and the manor Thursy were reclassified from the Rosenberg OS district in the Guttentag district . On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in the Rosenberg OS district in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts except two were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. On the same date, the Neuhof manor district moved from the Rosenberg OS district to the Kreuzburg OS district

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Rosenberg OS district was given the name Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was divided again and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and, in the summer of 1945, placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . Here, too, the influx of Polish civilians began, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	22,616
1819	21,875
1846	43,352
1871	46,886
1885	46,888
1900	50,049
1910	52,341
1925	53,079
1939	56,157

In the 1910 census, 81% of the residents of the Rosenberg district described themselves as purely Polish -speaking and 16% as purely German-speaking . In the 1939 census, 90% of the population were Catholic and 10% Protestant .

District administrators

• 1742–1766 00Carl Friedrich von Blacha
• 1766–1805 00Caspar Joachim von Pritzelwitz
• 1805– 000000Martin Ludwig von Jordan
• 1815–1830 00Magnus von Schack
• 1830–1841 00Wilhelm von Taubadel
• 1841–1844 00von Schrötter ( provisional )
• 1844–1848 Oswald Sack00
• 1848–1862 00Christian Schemmel
• 1862–1867 00Felix von Studnitz
• 1867–1881 Max Clairon d'Haussonville (1836–1899)00
• 1881–1891 00Friedrich von Wolff
• 1892–1894 00Berthold von Reiswitz
• 1895–1901 Hugo Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen (1864–1928)00
• 1901–1922 00Karl Leopold Yours
• 1922–1933 00Paul Strzoda
• 1933–1942 Martin Elsner (1900–1971) (from 1939: NSDAP )00
• 1942–1945 00Joachim Jenkner

Local constitution

The Rosenberg OS district was initially divided into the towns of Landsberg OS and Rosenberg OS, in rural communities and in manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

In 1928 the Rosenberg district comprised two cities and 70 rural communities:

Albrechtsdorf Alt Rosenberg Basan Bischdorf Bodland Borkowitz Borosow Botzanowitz Bronietz Busow Thundersmark Landsberg village Ellguth Free Kadlub Free pipa Gohle Great Borek Gross Lassowitz

Grunowitz Jam Jaschine Jastrzigowitz Karlsgrund Keel machine Klein Borek Little Lassowitz Kneja Koselwitz Kostellitz Kochanowitz Kraskau Krysanowitz Kudoba Kutzoben Landsberg OS, city Laskowitz

Steer Leschna Lomnitz Lowoshow Marienfeld New Karmunkau Neudorf Oschietzko Paulsdorf Poscholkau Pruskau Racket Radlau Rosenberg OS, city Sausenberg Schiorke Schoffschütz Schönwald

Dumb Seichwitz Skronskau Sternalitz Tell rest Thule Trebitschin Uschütz Wachow Wachowitz Walspek rose grove Wendrin Wichrau Wienskowitz Wierschy Wollentschin Wyssoka Zembowitz

The municipality-free forest estate districts Bodland and Sausenberg also belonged to the district.

Incorporation until 1939

Albrechtsdorf, on April 1, 1939 at Alt Rosenberg Alteneichen (Boroschau), on April 1, 1939 in Bischdorf Buchental (Skronskau), on April 1, 1939 in Bischdorf Buschweiler (Poscholkau) , on April 1, 1939 at Freihöfe Dorf Landsberg, on January 1, 1929 to the city of Landsberg Ellguth , in Ammern on April 1, 1939 Eschenwalde (Jaschine) , on April 1st, 1939 in Schloßwalden Forstfelde (Busow), on April 1, 1939 in Donnersmark Forstheim (Schumm), on April 1, 1939 in Stoberbrück Freihäuser (Frei Pipa) , on April 1, 1939 at Freihöfe Gohle, on April 1, 1939 in Neudorf Grasenau (Kraskau), on April 1, 1939 in Bodland Hartwigsdorf (Jastrzigowitz) , on April 1, 1939 in Hedwigstein Heidelsdorf (Klein Borek) , on April 1, 1939 at Brückenort Heidewald (Kneja) , on April 1, 1939 in Föhrendorf Josefshöhe (Koselwitz), on April 1, 1939 in Paulsdorf Karlsgrund, on April 1, 1939 in Borkenwalde Kielbashin, to Wendrin on September 30, 1928 Kreuzhütte (Krysanowitz), on April 1, 1939 in Neudorf Kutzoben, on September 30, 1928 at Botzanowitz Listening (Lowoschau) , April 1st, 1938 in Kirchwalde Lenke , to Radau on September 30, 1928 Lichtenrode (Oschietzko) , on April 1, 1938 at Freihöfe

Liebeiche (Wendrin) , on April 1, 1939 in Kirchwalde Marienfeld , on April 1, 1939 in Kiefernwalde Neu Karmen (Neu Karmunkau) , on April 1, 1939 in Grunsruh Oberwalden (Groß Lassowitz) , on April 1, 1939 in Sausenberg Preußenau (Pruskau) , on April 1, 1939 in Föhrendorf Radelsdorf (Radlau) , on April 1, 1939 in Ammern Richterstal (Seichwitz), on April 1, 1939 in Wittenau-Richterstal Rodewalde (Trebitschin) , on April 1, 1939 in Sausenberg Schönwald , on April 1, 1939 at Lindenhöhe Schorke (Schiorke) , on April 1, 1939 at Kiefernrode Stoberquell (Wachowitz) , April 1, 1939 in Mühlendorf Teichfelde (Grunowitz) , on April 1st, 1939 in Schloßwalden Tellsruh , on November 1, 1928 in Lomnitz Thule , on April 1, 1939 in Kiefernwalde Wacholdertal (Basan) , on April 1, 1939 in Borkenwalde Wallhof (Wachow), on April 1, 1939 in Mühlendorf Walspek-Rosenhain , on April 1, 1939 at Lindenhöhe Wehrenfelde (Bronietz), on April 1, 1939 to Brückenort Weidental (Jamm), on April 1, 1939 in Paulsdorf Wiesbach (Wienskowitz), on April 1, 1939 in Landsberg Windenau (Wichrau) , on April 1, 1939 in Grunsruh Wittenau (Uschütz) , on April 1, 1939 in Wittenau-Richterstal Wollendorf (Wollentschin) , in Ammern on April 1, 1939

Place names

In the 1930s, numerous communities in the Rosenberg district were renamed:

Basan → Juniper Valley Borkowitz → Borkenwalde Boroschau → Alteneichen Botzanowitz → Grunsruh Bronietz → Wehrenfelde Busow → Forstfelde Frei Kadlub → Freihöfe Frei Pipa → Freihäuser Groß Borek → bridge location Groß Lassowitz → Oberwalden Grunowitz → Teichfelde Jamm → Weidental Jaschine → Eschenwalde Jastrzigowitz → Hartwigsdorf Klein Borek → Heidelsdorf Klein Lassowitz → Schloßwalden

Kneja → Heidewald Koselwitz → Josefshöhe Kostellitz → Hedwigstein Kotschanowitz → Kiefernrode Kraskau → Grasenau Krysanowitz → Kreuzhütte Kudoba → Kirchwalde Laskowitz → Kiefernwalde Leschna → Mühlendorf Lomnitz → Gnadenkirch Lowoschau → Listen New Karmunkau → New Karmen Oschietzko → Lichtenrode Poscholkau → Buschweiler Pruskau → Prussia Radlau → Radelsdorf

Schiorke → Schorke Schumm → Forstheim Seichwitz → Richterstal Skronskau → Buchental Sternalitz → Ammern Trebitschin → Rodewalde Uschütz → Wittenau Wachow → Wallhof Wachowitz → Stoberquell Wendrin → love oak Wichrau → Windenau Wienskowitz → Wiesbach Wierschy → Stoberbrück Wollentschin → Wollendorf Wyssoka → Lindenhöhe Zembowitz → Föhrendorf

Personalities

• Walther von Lüttwitz (1859–1942), infantry general from Bodland
• Christian Minkus (1770–1849), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly 1848/49 from Marienfeld
• Helmuth von Pannwitz (1898–1947), General of the Wehrmacht from Botzanowitz
• Bernhard Jagoda (1940–2015), CDU politician and President of the Federal Labor Office in Kirchwalde

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 201-257 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 172-173, item 6.
• Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 40 .
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general population census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 296–303 ( e-copy in Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Rosenberg OS  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officers 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
8. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 90 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
10. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
11. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
12. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rosenberg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
14. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)
15. ↑ ^{a b} District of Rosenberg administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.