Neumarkt district

This article deals with the former Silesian district of Neumarkt. For the Bavarian district of the same name, see Neumarkt district in the Upper Palatinate .

The Neumarkt district within the boundaries from 1818 to 1932

The Neumarkt district was a Prussian district in Silesia that existed from 1816 to 1945. Today's Powiat Średzki in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia largely corresponds to the extent of the former district area. The municipality of Leuthen , which was the scene of the Battle of Leuthen on December 5, 1757, was also located in the district .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia / German Confederation

After the conquest of most of Silesia by Prussia in 1741, the royal cabinet order of November 25, 1741 introduced the Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their subdivision into districts and the appointment of district administrators on January 1, 1742.

In the Principality of Breslau , one of the Silesian sub-principalities, the Prussian districts of Breslau , Namslau and Neumarkt-Canth were formed from the old Silesian soft images of Breslau, Canth, Neumarkt and Namslau . Karl Friedrich von Poser was appointed as the first district administrator in the Neumarkt-Canth district. The Neumarkt-Canth district was initially subject to the Wroclaw War and Domain Chamber . The name part "Canth" was dispensed with at the end of the 18th century. In the course of the Stein-Hardenberg reforms in 1815, the Neumarkt district was assigned to the Breslau administrative district of the province of Silesia .

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the administrative district of Breslau, the following reclassifications were made:

• The villages of Blumerode, Maltsch, Maserwitz, Raussen, Rachen and Wältschkau moved from the Liegnitz district to the Neumarkt district.
• The villages of Bockau, Ebersdorf and Pitschen moved from the Neumarkt district to the Striegau district .
• The villages of Buchwald, Diezdorf, Michelsdorf, Nieder and Ober Dambritsch, Nieder and Ober Moys and Obsendorf moved from the Striegau district to the Neumarkt district.

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz .

On April 1, 1928, the rural communities Deutsch Lissa and Rathen together with the homonymous and the manor districts Deutsch Lissa (partially) and Rathen from the Neumarkt district were incorporated into the urban district of Breslau . On September 30, 1929, as part of a regional reform in the Free State of Prussia, all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

The following reclassifications took place on October 1, 1932:

• The rural communities Beckern, Bertholdsdorf, Bockau, Damsdorf, Diesdorf, Dromsdorf-Lohnig, Ebersdorf, Eisendorf, Förstchen, Gäbersdorf , Guckelhausen, Hulm, Körnitz, Kuhnern, Lederose, Lüssen , Metschkau, Neuhof, Ossig, Panzkau, Pfaffendorf, Pitschen, Pläswitz, Sasterhausen, Simsdorf, Tschinschwitz and Zuckelnick moved from the dissolved Striegau district to the Neumarkt district.
• The rural community of Borganie moved from the Neumarkt district to the Schweidnitz district .
• The city of Kanth and the rural communities of Beilau, Fürstenau, Jürtsch, Kammenorf b. Kanth, Koslau, Landau, Lorzendorf, Mettkau, Neudorf, Nieder Struse, Ober Struse, Ocklitz, Polsnitz, Rommenau, Sachwitz, Schimmelwitz, Stöschwitz and Zaugwitz moved from the Neumarkt district to the Breslau district .

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On January 1, 1939, the Neumarkt district was given the designation Landkreis in accordance with the now unified regulation . On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Lower Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Breslau and Liegnitz.

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the district was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement . The influx of Polish civilians began in the district, some of whom came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that fell to the Soviet Union . In the period that followed, most of the German population was expelled from the district .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	30,069
1819	37,806
1846	52,579
1871	56,446
1885	57,678
1900	55,362
1910	57,155
1925	59,277
1939	56,542

District administrators

• 1742–1759 00Karl Friedrich von Poser-Groß Naedlitz
• 1759–1780 00Hanns Rudolph von Seydlitz-Kuhna
• 1780–1796 00Friedrich Wilhelm von Seidlitz-Kurtzbach
• 1796–1838 00Nicolaus Otto Ferdinand von Debschütz
• 1839–1848 Gustav von Schaubert (1801–1876)00
• 1848–1853 Alwin Aschenborn (1816–1865)00
• 1853–1885 Magnus von Knebel-Doeberitz (1815–1884)00
• 1885–1917 Leopold von Tettenborn (1853–1917)00
• 1917–1920 Richard zu Limburg-Stirum (1874–1931)00
• 1920 0000000August Winter ( acting )
• 1921–1933 00Walter Hüttenhein
• 1933–1935 00Willy Otto
• 1935–1942 Georg von Schellwitz (1897–1974)00
• 1942–1943 00Günther Bier
• 1943–1944 00Karl Williger
• 1944–1945 00Konrad Büchs

Local constitution

The Neumarkt district was divided into the cities of Kanth (until 1932) and Neumarkt, in rural communities and in manor districts since the 19th century. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, a uniform municipal constitution came into force in the German Reich on April 1, 1935, according to which the previous rural municipalities were now referred to as municipalities . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The Neumarkt district last comprised a city and 114 rural communities:

Baudis-Meesendorf Beckern Bertholdsdorf Bischdorf Flowerode Bockau Borne Fire protection Breitenau fracture Buchwald Dambritsch Damsdorf Diesdorf Dietzdorf Dromsdorf-Lohnig Ebersdorf Eisendorf Falcon Grove Förstchen Frankenthal Frobelwitz Gäbersdorf Gloschkau Gniefgau Gossendorf Gräbendorf Great Bresa Gross Gohlau

Gross Heidau Gross Peterwitz Guckelhausen House village Hirschwerder Hulm Jakobsdorf Jenkwitz Jerschendorf Kadlau Kammendorf Kamöse Kerchütz Keulendorf Little Bresa Kniegnitz Kobelnick Koernitz Cost blood Krampitz Krintsch Kuhnern Lampersdorf Lederose Leonhardwitz Leuthen Lobetinz Luss Maltsch

Marschwitz Maserwitz Metschkau Michelsdorf Muckerau Neuhof Neumarkt , city Lower Mois Nimkau Nipples Upper Mois Obsendorf Ossig Panzkau Peicherwitz Peiskerwitz Pfaffendorf Stalk Pitching Pläswitz Pohlsdorf Polkendorf Pushwitz throat Rack contactor Radaxdorf Ramfeld Rough Regnitz

Saara Sagschütz Sasterhausen Schadewinkel Slack Schmellwitz Schöbekirch Schönau Schönbach Beautiful oak Schreibersdorf Schriegwitz Schweinitz b. Kanth Seedorf Simsdorf Spillendorf Stephansdorf Tschammendorf Tschirnau Viehau Weicherau Weißenfeld (Silesia) Wilkau-Zopkendorf Wilxen Wolfsdorf Wülschkau Zieserwitz Zuckelnick

Incorporation until 1938

Baudis, on October 17, 1928 in Baudis-Meesendorf German Lissa, in Breslau on April 1, 1928 Ellguth, in Buchwald on April 1, 1938 Erlenhain, on April 1, 1938 in Buchwald Flemish village, on June 25, 1922 in Neumarkt Illnisch, on September 30, 1928 at Illnisch-Romolkwitz Meesendorf, on October 17, 1928 in Baudis-Meesendorf Nieder Stephansdorf, on September 30, 1928 in Stephansdorf Ober Stephansdorf, on September 30, 1928 in Stephansdorf Onerkwitz, on April 1, 1938 in Schmellwitz

Pfaffendorf, on August 15, 1924 in Neumarkt Probstei, on June 25, 1922 in Neumarkt Rathen, April 1, 1928 in Breslau Romolkwitz, on September 30, 1928 in Illnisch-Romolkwitz Saarawenze, on April 1, 1937 in Krampitz Stusa, on October 17, 1928 at Pirschen-Stusa Tschinschwitz, on April 1, 1935 in Damsdorf Wilkau, on September 30, 1928 in Wilkau-Zopkendorf Wohnwitz, on April 1, 1939, to Nippern Zopkendorf, on September 30, 1928 in Wilkau-Zopkendorf

Place names

In the interwar period , several parishes were renamed:

• Belkau → Weißenfeld (1936)
• Gross Saabor → Hirschwerder (1936)
• Illnisch-Romolkwitz → Ramfeld (1936)
• Stalking Stusa → Stalking (1936)
• Polish Baudis → Baudis (1926)
• Polish Schweinitz → Schweinitz b. Canth (1924)
• Sablath → Gräbendorf (1936)
• Czechs → Erlenhain (1936)

literature

• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 199-200, item 13.
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 72–81 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Commons : Landkreis Neumarkt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• www.territorial.de - Neumarkt district
• Description of the Neumarkt district from 1792

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Royal Order for the appointment of district administrators in Lower Silesia , p. 259 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ ^{a b} Territorial changes in Germany
7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1817, No. XLV . New division and demarcation of the circles in the Breslau government department of October 31, 1817. Breslau, p. 476 ff . ( Digitized version ).
8. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of districts from August 1, 1932 . In: Prussian State Ministry (Hrsg.): Preußische Gesetzessammlung . Berlin 1932, district reform 1932, p. 256 ( digitized version ).
9. ↑ Walther Hubatsch (ed.): Outline of German administrative history 1815-1945. Row A: Prussia. Volume 4: Dieter Stüttgen: Silesia. Johann Gottfried Harder Institute, Marburg / Lahn 1976, ISBN 3-87969-116-9 .
10. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 35 ( digitized version ).
11. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 87 ( digitized version ).
12. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
13. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
14. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
15. ↑ ^{a b} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
16. ^ ^{A b c} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. neumarkt.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).