Ratibor district

Ratibor district on a map from 1905

The district of Ratibor was a Prussian district in Silesia , which existed from 1743 to 1945. Its district town was the city of Ratibor , which had formed its own urban district since 1904 . The former district area is now in the Polish Silesian Voivodeship and in the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Prussia

After the conquest of most of Silesia, King Friedrich II introduced Prussian administrative structures in Lower Silesia in 1742 and in Upper Silesia in 1743 . This included the establishment of two war and domain chambers in Breslau and Glogau as well as their division into districts and the appointment of district administrators . The appointment of the district administrators in the Upper Silesian districts was based on a proposal by the Prussian Minister for Silesia, Ludwig Wilhelm von Münchow , to whom Frederick II approved in February 1743.

The Ratibor District was formed from the Principality of Ratibor , one of the Silesian sub-principalities . Karl Joseph von Schimonsky was the first district administrator of the Ratibor district. The group initially was under the War and Domain Chamber Wroclaw and the course was hard Bergisch Stone reform the administrative district of Opole the Silesia province assigned.

During the district reform of January 1, 1818 in the Opole administrative district, the district boundaries were changed to a large extent:

• The Hultschiner Ländchen with the town of Hultschin as well as the towns of Beneschau and Zauditz and their surrounding area moved from the Leobschütz district to the Ratibor district.
• The villages of Annaberg, Belschnitz, Groß Gorschütz, Klein Gorschitz, Odrau, Olsau, Ulchisko and Zabelkau moved from the Pleß district to the Ratibor district.
• The villages of Autischkau, Dobischau, Dobroslawitz, Matzkirch and Warmunthau moved from the Ratibor district to the Cosel district .
• The towns of Rybnik and Sohrau and their surrounding area moved from the Ratibor district to the new Rybnik district .

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On April 1, 1904, the city of Racibórz left the district of Racibórz and formed its own urban district. The Ratibor district has since been referred to as a district . On April 1, 1910, the rural community and the manor district of Plania from the district of Ratibor were incorporated into the urban district of Ratibor.

On November 8, 1919, the province of Silesia was dissolved and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative district of Opole . By the Treaty of Versailles , the Hultschiner Ländchen was separated from the German Empire on January 10, 1920 and was added to Czechoslovakia without a referendum. In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 58.7% of the voters in the district of Ratibor voted to remain with Germany and 41.3% for a cession to Poland. Due to the subsequent resolutions of the Paris Ambassadors Conference in 1922, the southeast of the district with a total of 21 rural communities had to be ceded to Poland.

With effect from January 1, 1927, further border changes were made:

• The rural communities or manor districts of Barglowka, Groß Rauden , Gurek, Jankowitz-Rauden, Klein Rauden, Rennersdorf, Stanitz and Stodoll from the disbanded remaining district of Rybnik were incorporated into the district of Ratibor.
• The rural communities or manor districts Dollendzin, Ehrenfeld, Habicht and Mosurau moved from the Cosel district to the Ratibor district.
• The rural communities Ostrog and Studzienna were incorporated into the urban district of Ratibor.

On September 30, 1929, a territorial reform took place in the Ratibor district, as in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts except for two forest estate districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities.

According to the Munich Agreement

On April 1, 1938, the Prussian provinces of Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia were merged to form the new Province of Silesia. On April 15, 1939, the "Hultschiner Ländchen" from the Sudeten German areas was reintegrated into the Ratibor district. On November 20, 1939, the part of the district of Racibórz, ceded to Poland in 1922, east of the lower reaches of the Oder, was incorporated into the district of Racibórz in violation of international law . The outer border of the district of Ratibor thus corresponded to that of 1919. On January 18, 1941, the province of Silesia was dissolved again and the new province of Upper Silesia was formed from the administrative districts of Katowice and Opole .

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . The Hultschiner Ländchen was returned to Czechoslovakia and the old district was placed under Polish administration . The German population was largely expelled from the district area .

Population development

year	Residents	source
1795	44.195
1819	50,147
1846	92,136
1871	116,517
1885	130,442
1900	147,328
1910	118.923
1925	59,281
1933	61,048
1939	115.182

In the 1910 census, 48% of the inhabitants of the Racibórz district described themselves as purely Polish -speaking and 11% as purely German-speaking . 99% of the population were Catholic and 1% Protestant in 1910 .

District administrators

1743–1759 00Karl Joseph von Schimonsky 1759–1763 00Carl Erdmann von Lichnowsky and Woschtitz 1763–1797 00Johann Heinrich von Wrochem 1798–1816 00Adam Johann Gottlob von Wrochem (1768–1816) 1816–1834 00Gottlob Adam Johann von Wrochem (1765–1840) 1834–1838 00Heinrich Alexander Robert von Wrochem 1838–1842 00Louis von Reichenbach 1842–1851 Carl Albert Wichura († 1862)00 1851 0000000Wilhelm von Wrochem 1851–1852 Oscar von Elsner (1822–1882)00

1852–1869 Eugen von Selchow (1828–1897)00 1870–1900 Max von Pohl († 1905)00 1900–1914 00August Wellenkamp 1914–1922 Hugo Swart (1885–1952)00 1922–1925 Artur Finger (* 1878)00 1925–1933 00Alfons Schmidt 1933–1937 00Walther Duczek 1937–1944 00Ferdinand Hütteroth 1944–1945 00Schweiger ( substitute )

Local constitution

Since the 19th century, the Ratibor district has been divided into the cities of Hultschin and Ratibor, into rural communities and into manor districts . With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 and the German Municipal Code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced at the municipal level on April 1, 1935 . After the attack on Poland , the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, valid in the Old Reich, also became applicable in the municipalities of the Rybnik district, which had been incorporated into the Ratibor district, on January 26, 1940. A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

Communities

The following communities formed the so-called Hultschiner Ländchen and belonged to the Racibórz district until they fell to Czechoslovakia in 1920:

Antoschowitz Beneschau Bielau Bobrownik Bolatitz Buslawitz German cravat Ellguth-Hultschin Great Darkowitz Great Hoschütz

Haatsch Hoschialkowitz Hultschin , city Chewing Sticky Little Darkowitz Klein Hoschütz Köberwitz Koblau Cosmütz

Kuchelna Ludgerstal Markersdorf Orersch Oppau Petershofen Rohow Sandau Schepankowitz Schillersdorf

Schlausewitz Schreibersdorf Strandorf Thröm Weidental Wreschin Zauditz Zawada

The following municipalities from the southeast of the Racibórz district fell to Poland in 1922:

Adamowitz Belschnitz Bluschau Bogunitz Bukau Ellguth-Tworkau

Great Gorschütz Hohenbirken stack Klein Gorschütz Kornowatz Lubom

Niebotschau Odrau Olsau Pogrzebin Raschütz Rogau

Syrin Uhilsko Wilhelmstal

The following communities belonged to the Ratibor district in 1936:

Annaberg Babitz Barglowka Benkowitz Boyanov Boleslau Borutin Bresnitz Buchenau Bukau Czerwentzütz Dollendzin Ehrenfeld Gammau Gregorsdorf Gross Peterwitz

Large rauden Gurek hawk Duke Ellguth Duke Zawada Jankowitz-Rauden Janowitz Klein Peterwitz Small roughs Kornitz Kranowitz Crossing point Lassoky Lassoky Lekartow ling

Lubowitz Makau Markowitz Mosurau Niedane Upper Ottitz Owschütz Pawlau Ponientzütz Prussian cravat Ratibor hammer Ratchet Rennersdorf Roshkau Ruda Ruderswald

Rudnik Schammerwitz Schardzin Schichowitz Schonowitz Schymotschütz Silver head Slavikau Solarnia Stanitz Stodoll Sudoll Tworkau Wellendorf Woinowitz Zabelkau

The two forest districts Groß Rauden and Ratiborhammer were also located in the district.

Incorporation until 1939

Altendorf, on July 1, 1902 in Ratibor Annaberg, on April 1, 1939 in Ruderswald Bosatz, on May 1, 1900 at Racibórz Budzisk, to Ratiborhammer on August 31, 1928 Czyprzanow, to Janowitz on August 18, 1928 Ehrenfeld, on April 1, 1937 in Mosern Ganjowitz, on September 30, 1928 in Gregorsdorf Gregorsowitz, on September 30, 1928 in Gregorsdorf Langendorf, on July 10, 1911 at Hultschin

Leng, on April 1, 1938 at Rainfelde Ostrog, at Ratibor on January 1, 1927 Plania, April 1, 1910 at Racibórz Proschowitz, on July 1, 1902 at Ratibor Rennersdorf, on April 1, 1937 in Groß Rauden Schurgersdorf (Zabelkau), on April 1, 1939 to Ruderswald Studzienna, at Ratibor on January 1, 1927 Weidenmoor (Lassoky), on April 1, 1939 in Bergkirch

Place names

Even before the First World War , several municipalities in the district were renamed:

Brzesnitz → Bresnitz (1910) Brzezie → Hohenbirken (1906) Kobilla → Wilhelmstal (1906) Ludgierzowitz → Ludgerstal (1907) Marquartowitz → Markersdorf (1907) Nendza → Buchenau (1914) Petrzkowitz → Petershofen (1907)

Pyschcz → Sandau (1910) Szczepankowitz → Schepankowitz (1908) Thurze → Wellendorf (1911) Wrbkau → Weidental (1908) Wrzessin → Wreschin (1909) Zabrzeh → Oppau (1910)

In 1936, numerous communities in the district were renamed:

Babitz → young birch trees Barglowka → mountain forest Benkowitz → Berendorf Bojanow → Kriegsbach Boleslau → Bunzelberg Borutin → Streitkirch Bresnitz → Eichendorffmühl Czerwentzütz → Rotental Dollendzin → Ludwigsthal Gurek → Waldeck Ducal Zawada → Rainfelde Jankowitz-Rauden → Rodenbach Janowitz → Janken Kranowitz → Kranstädt Lassoky → willow bog Lekartow → Mettich Markowitz → Markdorf Mosurau → Mosern Niedane → Oderfurt

Owschütz → Habergrund Pawlau → Paulsgund Ponientzütz → Rittersdorf Ruda → Rudweiler Rudnik → Herrenkirch Schammerwitz → Schammerau Schardzin → Hohenau Schichowitz → Oderbrück Schonowitz → Schondorf Schymotschütz → Simsforst Slawikau → Bergkirch Solarnia → salt forest Stanitz → location Stodoll → Hochlinden Sudoll → Trachkirch Tworkau → Tunskirch Woinowitz → Weihendorf Zabelkau → Schurgersdorf

Personalities

• Joseph von Eichendorff (1788–1857), German writer
• Cyprián Lelek (1812-1883), Catholic priest
• Moritz Traube (1826–1894), German chemist
• Adolf Baginsky (1843–1918), German-Jewish pediatrician
• Arnold Mendelssohn (1855–1933)
• Józef Rymer (1882–1922), Polish politician
• Max Berek (1886–1949), German mineralogist
• Otto Bernert (1893–1918), German officer
• Oswald Malura (1906–2003), German painter
• Claus Ogerman (1930–2016), German-American composer

literature

• Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 653-733 .
• Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 167-169, item 1.
• Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848-1960. Sv. 16, okresy: Ostrava, Fryštát, Hlučín. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Olomouc 2011.
• Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Description of the Earth of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 106 ff. -
• Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 358–369 .
• M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

• Catholic parishes in Ratibor County

Individual evidence

1. ^ Roland Gehrke: State Parliament and the Public: Provincial Parliamentarism in Silesia 1825-1845 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , pp. 45 ( partially digitized ).
2. ^ Monuments of the Prussian State Administration in the 18th century . Files from May 31, 1740 to the end of 1745. In: Royal Academy of Sciences (Ed.): Acta Borussica . tape 6.2 . Paul Parey, Berlin 1901, Immediatbericht Münchow on the appointment of district administrators in Upper Silesia , p. 540 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ WFC Starke: Contributions to the knowledge of the existing court system and the latest results of the administration of justice in the Prussian state . Carl Heymann, Berlin 1839, District division of the Prussian Duchy of Silesia in the 18th century, p. 290 ( digitized version ).
4. ^ Rolf Straubel : Biographical manual of the Prussian administrative and judicial officials 1740–1806 / 15 . In: Historical Commission to Berlin (Ed.): Individual publications . 85. KG Saur Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-23229-9 .
5. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Prussian state according to its new delimitation . 1815 ( digitized ).
6. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Oppelschen government in 1817, no. XLI . Announcement of the new district division of the Opole government district from October 1, 1817. Opole, p. 523 ff . ( Digitized version ).
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} District of Ratibor administrative history and district council list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 26, 2013.
8. ↑ Georg Hassel: Statistical outline of all European states . The statistical view and special statistics of Central Europe. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1805, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
9. ^ Statistisches Bureau zu Berlin (Ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Prussian state . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1821, Silesia, p. 91 ( digitized version ).
10. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau (ed.): Mittheilungen des Statistisches Bureau's in Berlin, Volume 2 . Population of the districts. ( Digitized version ).
11. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
12. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e} www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. ratibor.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
15. ↑ Jakob Spett: Nationality map of the eastern provinces of the German Empire based on the results of the official census of 1910 designed by Ing.Jakob Spett . Justus Perthes, January 1, 1910 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl [accessed March 14, 2017]). , see also Silesia # The ethnolinguistic structure of Upper Silesia (1819–1910)