Neurode district
The Neurode district was a Prussian district in the administrative district of Breslau in the province of Silesia on the border with Bohemia and, from 1918, with Czechoslovakia . It existed from 1855 to 1932. The seat of the district was the city of Neurode .
geography
The Neurode district was located in the low mountain range of the Sudetes . In the north the Owl Mountains ( Góry Sowie ) dominate, which in the High Owl ( Wielka Sowa ) reach a height of 1015 m. The Bismarck Tower ( Orlowicz Tower ) was built on it in 1906 . In the southwest of the district lies the Heuscheuergebirge ( Góry Stołowe ), whose most important mountains are the Great Heuscheuer ( Szczeliniec Wielki ) with 919 m and the Small Heuscheuer ( Szczeliniec Mały ), and whose table mountain shape apparently reminded the namesake of huge Heuscheuer. Geologically, it is sandstone formations with the characteristic fissures, towers and gorges that have been popular as excursion destinations since the 18th century. The Heuscheuergebirge is now a national park. Other mountains are the Annaberg (647 m). the Allerheiligen Berg (648 m), the Hupprich (556 m) and the Hopfenberg (435 m).
The most important river in the district is the Steine ( Ścinawka ), which separates the Heuscheuer and the Owl Mountains and flows into the Glatzer Neisse near Glatz . In addition, the Weistritz ( Bystrzyca ) and the Walditz are to be mentioned.
Administrative history
The area belonging to the Kingdom of Bohemia was colonized by German settlers from the 13th century . The settlers were brought into the country by King Ottokar II . The Kłodzko area, which was always under canonical law under the Archdiocese of Prague , was elevated to a county in 1459 by the Bohemian King George of Podebrady . The survey was in 1459 and 1462 by Emperor Heinrich III. approved. Since the residents initially supported the Protestant Bohemian estates during the Thirty Years' War , Emperor Ferdinand II withdrew their privileges from the citizens and nobles after the Battle of the White Mountains and re-Catholicized the country. After the Silesian Wars , the County of Glatz, along with Silesia, fell to Prussia .
By a cabinet order of August 26, 1854, approval was given to form a district of Neurode from the districts of Neurode and Wünschelburg of the Glatz district . On August 2, 1855, the new district office was opened in Neurode. The first district administrator of the new district was Valerian von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth .
The area of the district was 317 km². Of the 48,952 inhabitants counted in 1895, 96% were Catholic. In 1910 the district had 52,872 and in 1925 already 54,967 inhabitants. The population growth was accordingly around 0.4% annually and the population density was 175 inhabitants / km². The district was thus one of the more densely populated areas of Silesia. In Neurode and Wünschelburg there were local courts that were subordinate to the Glatz regional court .
On October 1, 1932, the Neurode district was dissolved and reunited with the Glatz district.
Until the end of the Second World War , almost exclusively German-speaking residents lived in this area. Since 1945, the former district has belonged to the Polish powiat Kłodzki .
Population development
year | Residents | source |
---|---|---|
1871 | 48,530 | |
1885 | 51,062 | |
1890 | 49,729 | |
1895 | 48,952 | |
1900 | 49,405 | |
1910 | 52,872 | |
1925 | 54,967 |
District administrators
- 1855–1868 Valerian von Pfeil and Klein-Ellguth (1809–1892)
- 1868–1890 Eberhard von Pfeil
- 1890–1899 Richard von Rechenberg
- 1899–1914 Siegfried zu Dohna-Schlobitten
- 1914–1920 Carl Albrecht Leopold von Hoffmann
- 1920–1923 Leopold Nagel
- 1923–1925 Karl Franz (1881–1967)
- 1925–1931 Emil Schubert
- 1931–1932 Alfred Poppe
economy
In the pre- and early industrial times, agriculture and forestry dominated the district. Other businesses soon settled here, which contributed to the high population density. In 1849 there were 4,140 weavers whose economic hardship did not differ significantly from that of the workers involved in the Silesian weavers' revolt. Another important industry was mining; hard coal, iron, copper, slate and gold have been mined since the late Middle Ages. In 1849 560 workers were employed in this branch; it overtook the textile industry at the beginning of the 20th century.
Communities
Municipalities belonging to the district with the population of 1901:
- Albendorf 1391
- Booty Ground 918
- Beehive 441
- Buchau 1446 ( incorporated into the city of Neurode in 1936 )
- Bogeye 429
- Ebersdorf near Neurode 1359
- Eckersdorf 1623
- Bernard 1181
- House village 4254
- Kaltenbrunn 284
- Karlsberg 281
- Charity 726
- Königswalde 1677
- London 615
- Kunzendorf 4002
- Ludwigsdorf 3684
- Markgrund 120 ( incorporated in the municipality of Königswalde in 1937 )
- Center stones 1715
- Mölke 208 ( incorporated into the Ludwigsdorf community in 1909 )
- Neudorf 513
- Neurode 7732
- London 549
- Low stones 1316
- Goddess 475
- Colonel A 801
- Passendorf 572
- Reichenforst 98
- Rothwaltersdorf 719
- Schlegel 3742
- Stefan 441
- Tuntschendorf 900
- Bailey 484
- Volpersdorf 2342
- London 1337
- Wuenschelburg 2686
- Neck 311
Personalities
- Wilhelm Hauschild (1827–1887), history painter, royal academy professor
- Ignaz Reimann (1820–1885), composer
- Wolfgang Stumph (* 1946), actor and cabaret artist
- Oswald Völkel (1873–1952), painter and fresco artist
- Joseph Wittig (1879–1949), theologian, writer and local researcher
- Christa Susanne Dorothea Kleinert (1925–2004), German economist
literature
- Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 208-209, item 22.
- Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manors of the Province of Silesia and their people. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 152–157 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
Web links
- District of Neurode Administrative history and district list on the website territorial.de (Rolf Jehke), as of July 27, 2013.
- New or district assembly
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus Hübner: The county of Glatzer circles - On the administrative history of the Glatzer country . In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Grafschaft Glatz (Ed.): AGG-MITTEILUNGEN . No. October 15 , 2016, ISSN 1610-1308 ( digital copy [PDF]).
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Breslau 1855, No. 33 . Establishment of the Neurode district. Breslau, S. 237 f . ( Digitized version ).
- ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population 1871
- ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Silesia 1885
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. glatz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b c www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de
- ↑ Buchau
- ↑ Königswalde