Bożków

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Bożków
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Bożków (Poland)
Bożków
Bożków
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Kłodzki
Gmina : Nowa Ruda
Geographic location : 50 ° 31 ′  N , 16 ° 34 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 31 ′ 0 ″  N , 16 ° 34 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 360 m npm
Residents : 1600 (2005)
Postal code : 57-441
Telephone code : (+48) 74
License plate : DKL
Economy and Transport
Street : Kłodzko - Nowa Ruda
Rail route : Kłodzko - Nowa Ruda
Next international airport : Wroclaw Airport
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor : Bogusław Rogiński
Address: ul. Niepodległości 1
57-400 Nowa Ruda



Bożków (German: Eckersdorf ) is a district of the rural community Nowa Ruda ( Neurode ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It is located in the western foothills of the Wartha Mountains ( Góry Bardzkie ), ten kilometers northwest of the district town of Kłodzko .

geography

Bożków is on the road from Gorzuchów ( Möhlten ) to Słupiec ( Schlegel ). Neighboring towns are Słupiec and Dzikowiec ( Ebersdorf ) in the north, Czerwienczyce ( Rothwaltersdorf ) and Wojbórz ( Gabersdorf ) in the east, Łączna ( Wiesau ) in the southeast, Święcko ( Schwenz ) and Gorzuchów in the south and Ścinawka Średnia ( Mittelsteine ) in the west.

history

Eckersdorf was first mentioned in writing in 1348 as "Ekkehardisdorf" and also referred to in old documents as Ekhardsdorf or, in Latin, Ekardi villa . It was laid out as a Waldhufendorf and was the seat of the Eckersdorf dominion of the same name. It belonged to the Glatzer Land , with which it shared the history of its political and ecclesiastical affiliation. From the beginning it was an independent parish, only in the period 1652-1730 it belonged as a branch to Pischkowitz . Coal mining has been in operation since 1545.

Eckersdorf initially consisted of several parts that had different owners. These parts were only united under one owner in the 17th century:

  • The Steinhof was originally a free judge , the first known owner of which was Hans Clement at the beginning of the 15th century. After several changes of ownership, the Steinhof came to Melchior von Raueck and his descendants in 1520. Since Wenzel von Raueck was a supporter of the winter king Friedrich von der Pfalz , he was expropriated after the battle of the White Mountain . In 1624, the then pleasure owner of the County of Glatz, the Breslau bishop Archduke Karl exchanged this share with his personal physician Caspar Jäschke for his goods Alt Rothwasser and Schwarzwasser near Johannesberg in the Principality of Neisse . After the Archduke's death in 1625, Caspar Jäschke became Emperor Ferdinand III's personal physician . who awarded him the predicate of Eisenhut . As a result, the Steinhof became the main seat of the rulers and therefore called the castle courtyard .
  • The so-called Niederhof included the villages of Halbendorf, Steinwitz, Birgwitz , Hollenau and Rauschwitz. In the earliest times it was probably owned by the von Eckersdorf family, who named themselves after the place. In 1466 Hans von Eckersdorf sold the Niederhof to Jacob Güsner, with whose descendants he remained until 1590. In that year Wenzel von Güsner sold the Niederhof with all its accessories to Wenzel von Raueck, who already owned the Steinhof. The Niederhof was subsequently demolished and its property was combined with the Steinhof.
  • The Lindenhof was initially a fiefdom . It was also owned by the von Raueck family. Since Christoph von Raueck, who was married to Magdalena von Haugwitz , died in 1589 without male descendants, his cousin Wenzel von Raueck inherited his property. After this was expropriated, the Lindenhof also came to Caspar Jäschke von Eisenhut around 1624.
  • Eberhard von Maltitz owned the Oberhof around the middle of the 14th century . His heirs sold it to Hartung von Nimptsch ( Nimancz, Niemancz ) in 1358 . His son Conrad sold part of the fiefdom to the Braunauer Vogt Nickel Güsner around 1400 . Members of this family then owned the Oberhof for over 200 years. On January 29, 1622, the Oberhof was burned down by Saxon dragoons. The heirs of Heinrich von Güsner then sold the burned down fief to Kaspar Richel in 1624. His widow Elisabeth sold the Oberhof to Caspar Jäschke von Eisenhut as the guardian of her children in 1629, for whom the emperor converted it into an inheritance .
  • The Vorwerk Waldhof was referred to in older documents as the Rothwaltersdorfer Niederhof and later, after its owner Hans Langer, as the Langhansisches Gut and originally belonged to the community of Rothwaltersdorf. In 1544 it was bought by Barthel von Raueck, who already owned the Steinhof as heir. He connected this with the Waldhof, so that it now belonged to the Eckersdorfer Grund. In 1684, the imperial count Johann Ernst von Götzen acquired the forest courtyard, including the higher courts and other rights, from the imperial alienation commission.
Eckersdorf Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

After the death of the childless Caspar Jäschke of Eisenhut in 1633, his widow Anna Barbara heiress was his Ecker Dorfer possessions what you the Glatzer on April 19, 1634 Governor John Arbogast Anneberg confirmed. She then married Philipp Jacob Carl von Carlshofen. After her death, the Eckersdorfer Gut went to her son Nikolaus Faringer, who belonged to the Jesuit order, and to the Jesuit college in Steyr in Upper Austria . The estate was initially administered by two Austrian Jesuits and was then subordinate to the Glatzer Jesuit College . During this time, the coal mine was set up, which in 1663 the rector of the Steyr college, Father Jacob Topf, leased to his subjects Georg Scholz, who had to transfer half of the net profit to the Jesuits.

On June 14, 1663, with the permission of the order general, the Steyrer Kollegium sold Gut Eckersdorf to the governor of Glatz, Johann Georg von Götzen , who already owned the feudal estates Scharfeneck and Tuntschendorf . The oldest parts of the Eckersdorf Castle were built under his rule.

After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally with the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Eckersdorf and the County of Glatz fell to Prussia .

After the death of Count Johann Josef von Götzen in 1771, with whom the male ( Catholic ) line of those von Götzen had expired, the property was inherited by his three sisters and in 1780 by his nephew Anton Alexander von Magnis . He was a pioneer in the introduction of modern farming methods. In addition to increasing soil yields, he devoted himself to breeding merino sheep and cattle and was also an entrepreneur in industrial areas. Under him, Eckersdorf and the surrounding area experienced an economic boom.

Evidence for the period around 1800 is as follows: a parish church, a rectory, a chapel with a hermitage , a stately castle, a school, a Kretscham , four stately outbuildings, a brewery, two water mills, 24 service farmers as well as 60 gardeners and 12 cottagers . In 1801 there were 788 inhabitants, including a baker, binder, brewer, butcher, blacksmith, tailor, shoemaker, carpenter and an ornamental gardener. The coal mines “St. Franziska "and" Frischauf ".

After the reorganization of Prussia, Eckersdorf belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 .

Anton Alexander von Magnis was succeeded by his son Anton in 1817. He continued his father's agricultural and business successes. In 1829 he founded a sugar beet factory, which was expanded into a modern and profitable large-scale operation and served as a model for other start-ups in Germany. It was run by his descendants until 1907. Since 1896 the Magnis'schen possessions were a family entailment .

Since 1874 Eckersdorf formed its own administrative district . From 1854 to 1932 it belonged to the Neurode district ; 1816–1853 and 1933–1945 to the district of Glatz . As a result of the Second World War , Eckersdorf fell to Poland along with most of Silesia in 1945 and was renamed Bożków . The German population was expelled from 1945–1946. 1975-1998 Bożków belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship (German: Waldenburg ).

Louisenhain Colony

The Louisenhain colony is located north of Eckersdorf. It was built in 1787 on cleared forest soil and named after the wife of the landlord Anton Alexander von Magnis in 1787. For the period around 1800 there is evidence: a Kretscham and 12 free spaces with fields, which were inhabited by miners and a blacksmith.

Attractions

  • The parish church of St. Peter and Paul was first mentioned in 1352 and was rebuilt as a baroque hall church from 1704–1708 by the then landlord Johann Franz von Götzen. The ship's pulpit, created around 1760, shows the apostle Peter hauling in the fishing net. The ship's sail on the canopy above the pulpit bears the coat of arms of the von Götzen family. The pulpit was created by the carver LW Jaschke from Wartha . The graves of the von Magnis family are located in a mausoleum by the church.
  • The rectory next to the church was built in 1797.
Castle, photo from 2014
  • The Bożków Castle was the seat of government Eckersdorf. It was originally a Renaissance building from the 16th century and was rebuilt in 1670. Under Anton Alexander von Magnis it was enlarged in 1791 and changed in a transitional style from baroque to classicism. After a fire in 1870, it was rebuilt in 1877. It is said to have been the most magnificent residence in the Glatzer country. Until 1945 it was owned by Count Ferdinand von Magnis. Today the castle is used as an agricultural college.
  • The palace park was divided into several terraces and housed two cavalier houses and an orangery . 1827–1887 it was extended by a landscape section based on a design by J. Kittel and changed around 1860 according to plans by the landscape gardener Eduard Petzold . Today there are sports facilities in the park.
  • The St. Mary's devotional chapel, founded by Count Johann Ernst von Götzen in accordance with his will, was built based on the model of the chapel in Loreto and inaugurated in 1722. It was located on a hill on the east side of the village ( destroyed after 1945 ).
  • The Eckersdorf ruins , the remains of a lookout tower from the early 19th century

Personalities

  • Franz Xaver Gebauer (1784–1822), composer, church musician, conductor and choir director
  • Anton Franz von Magnis (1862–1944), mine owner, member of the Reichstag (center)
  • Franz Magnis-Suseno (* 1936), Jesuit, Rector of the Philosophical College in Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Gabriele von Magnis (1896–1976), welfare worker and special representative of the Wroclaw Bishop Adolf Bertram for the care of the Catholic “non-Aryans” in Upper Silesia

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The nobility of the Glatzer country