Jesuit College Glatz

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The former Jesuit college Glatz was founded in 1597 by the Bohemian King Rudolf II with the consent of the Prague Archbishop Zbynko Berka von Duba and Leipa . It was initially located in the former Augustinian Canons' monastery below the Schlossberg and from 1624 in the former Johanniterkommende at the parish church of Glatz . Until 1763 it belonged to the Bohemian Order Province ( provincia Bohemiae ) and was then connected to the Order Province of Silesia , founded in 1755 , due to the transition of the County of Glatz to Prussia . After the repeal of the Jesuit order in 1773 by Pope Clemens XIV. The Glatzer Kolleg was not repealed until three years later by the Prussian King Friedrich II .

history

The Reformation spread in Glatz from the 1520s . When non-Catholic priests took over the pastoral care of the parish church, whose patronage rights had been due to the Glatzer Johanniterkommende since ancient times , recatholization measures were initiated from 1549 onwards by the then pledgee of the County of Glatz Ernst of Bavaria , but these were not very successful. After his death in 1560, Johanniter's right of patronage over the parish church was weakened again by interventions by the city council and Lutheran preachers were appointed. In addition, the Augustinian Canons' Monastery, founded in 1350 by Prague Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz , suffered a major decline . Its provost, Christoph Kirmeser , campaigned for the Counter Reformation , but was unable to assert himself in the predominantly Lutheran city. When in 1586 several noblemen attacked the Maierhof in Niederschwedeldorf and drove away 19 cows, four oxen and six horses, Kirmeser traveled to Prague and proposed to the archbishop to convert the Augustinian monastery into a Jesuit college in order to secure the monastery property. Since the Archbishop completely rejected him, he gave up the plan for the time being. In 1591, Kirmeser had to sign a contract with the Glatzer estates by which he undertook to contribute to the state levies. Thereupon he turned to Bishop Medek's successor Zbynko Berka von Duba and Leipa with his original plan, on the grounds that he was no longer able to maintain the pen against the attacks of "the Lutherans, Kalviner and Schwenckfelder". After his request was again rejected, he turned to the Pope with the support of the Jesuits , who asked Kirmeser to resign in 1594. It is not known whether Kirmeser acted of his own volition or possibly pursued the handover of the provost to the Jesuits from the beginning.

On March 9, 1595, Pope Clement VIII dissolved the order of the Glatzer Augustinian Canons and handed over their possessions to the Jesuits. After Emperor Rudolf II as the Bohemian sovereign agreed to the papal decision, the Prague archbishop had to give up his resistance. In a letter dated September 8, 1597, he expressed his disappointment at the dissolution of the Augustinian monastery. In it he wrote that he had intended to appoint the Glatzer Augustinian provost to a bishopric and the Augustinian provost to a suffragan of Prague. The formal handover to the Jesuit order took place on September 28, 1597 by two imperial councilors and the Prague provost Leopold Popel von Lobkowitz . Although Glatz was still almost entirely Protestant, the Jesuits carried out a Corpus Christi procession in 1601 under the protection of the newly appointed governor Heinrich von Logau .

Jesuit college in Glatz, today Liceum Ogólnokształcące

The first rector Johannes Werner converted the Augustinian provost into a college and had a new school building built. With the outbreak of the Bohemian uprising in 1618, the Jesuits were expelled from Glatz. After the Battle of White Mountain , the Jesuit College and the Collegiate Church ( Thumkirche ) were destroyed in the battles for Glatz in 1622 and not rebuilt. Before they returned to Glatz, the then pledgee of the County of Glatz, Archduke Karl , promised the Jesuits to hand over the Johanniterkommende at the parish church. After appropriate negotiations, the Johanniter had to hand over their Glatzer Kommende with all associated goods and rights to the Jesuits on July 27th, 1626 and on May 7th, 1627 also transfer the patronage rights over the parish church to them. In addition, the Jesuits again owned the former estates and villages that they had received in 1597 from the property of the former Augustinian Canons. Thus, within less than thirty years, they had acquired the two most important medieval Kłodzko monastic settlements. Because of their good relations with the Viennese imperial court, they also determined Grafschafter politics until the middle of the 18th century.

On November 22nd, 1624, five religious had already moved into the building of the former Johanniter Latin School. Since this school no longer existed since 1597, the Jesuits also had the educational monopoly. In order to attract as many students as possible, they waived school fees and supported needy students from the "Pia Causa Foundation", which was formed from the Niederhof , the Freirichtergut , the Piae-Causae-Vorwerk and a free farm in Mittelsteine and at the the Glatzer dean Hieronymus Keck was involved. The college became an excellent educational facility for the Glatz aristocracy and beyond. The most famous students in the 17th century were Johann Christoph Schambogen , Bohuslav Balbín and Michael Friedrich von Althann .

From the middle of the 17th century, the Jesuits built a four-winged college instead of the former Kreuzhof and opposite it a Konvikt (now Muzeum Ziemi Kłodzkiej / Museum of the Glatzer Land ) based on a design by the Italian builder Carlo Lurago . Construction management was the responsibility of the builders Andrea Carove and August Reinsperger. The ensemble was completed around 1690.

In 1669 the Jesuit order owned the villages Altheide , Altwilmsdorf , Batzdorf , Ebersdorf , Halbendorf (now Ustronie ), Königshain , Mügwitz , Niederschwedeldorf , Soritsch (now Zagórze ) and Werdeck with the patronage rights over the respective churches.

From 1704 until his death in 1717, the Jesuit Vitus Scheffer worked at the Glatzer Jesuit College, who wrote numerous theological, philosophical and astrological writings. Most of them were printed by Andreas Frantz Pega or his successor Caspar Rudolf Mueller in Glatz.

After the Hubertusburg Peace in 1763, the Glatzer College was separated from the Bohemian Order Province and connected to the Order Province of Silesia, which was formed in 1755. In 1776 it was dissolved by the Prussian King Friedrich II . Members of the order were allowed to join other religious orders or become secular priests. The goods fell to the Prussian sovereign, who assigned the proceeds to the Royal School Institute. In 1788 the goods were sold. Carl Joseph Hoffmann acquired Ebersdorf as well as a share from Schlegel and Countess Franziska von Schlegenberg auf Regensdorf acquired Altbatzdorf. The remaining lands were bought by the Oberbergdirektor Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden . The rights of patronage over the churches fell to the Archbishop of Prague. The high school was converted to a Catholic Royal High School.

Rectors of the Glatzer Jesuit College and incidents during their term of office

  • 1597–1601 Johannes Werner took over the former Augustinian monastery with the associated provost church ( Thumstift ) on September 29, 1597 . For the year 1600 seven priests, two masters and five lay brothers are recorded. For the first time in many years, a Corpus Christi procession was held in 1601. The former Propsteigebuilding was converted into a college and a new school building was erected.
  • 1601–1603 Johannes Vivarius from Aachen . On April 22, 1602, the Bohemian sovereign Rudolf II confirmed the establishment of the college as well as the possessions and privileges that had been transferred from the Augustinian canons to the Jesuits. During his tenure, the Freirichtergut in Altbatzdorf was acquired.
  • 1603–1605 Johannes Werner , for the second time; acquired the Frerichtergut in Altwilmsdorf in 1603.
  • 1605–1610 Johannes Rotary . In 1609, the six remaining Augustinian canons asked the Glatzer estates to lobby the Bohemian state parliament to have the Glatzer Propstei returned to them, but this was unsuccessful.
  • 1610–1618 Johannes Hoffmann , acquired in 1613 from Seyfried von Falkenhain on Koritau the upper Vorwerk in Altwilmsdorf as well as four farmers and seven gardeners in Heide . In close proximity to his colleagues, he bought a house on Schlossberg that was converted into a Konvikt for the students. After the expulsion decree of the Bohemian Directory , the Jesuits left Glatz on June 9, 1618. The monastery goods were handed over to Valentin von Reichenau by the Glatzer estates on December 21, 1618 and the college itself was taken over by the city council. The objects in the college were sold and the money raised was used to pay soldiers. The rest was looted and devastated. During the fighting for Glatz in 1622, a large part of the monastery was devastated and the Glatz Castle was attached with the building material.
  • 1625–1631 Michael Kaulig ; Since the college buildings in the former Augustinian monastery were destroyed, the Jesuits were assigned the Johanniterkommende and the parish church in 1626 and the previous privileges and rights were transferred there. Through an exchange with Baron Carl von Strasolde auf Schlegel, the whole village of Eckersdorf came to the Jesuit College in 1629 , from which Strasolde received as many subjects in Schlegel in return .
  • 1631–1635 Bernard Watzko from Budweis .
  • 1635–1641 Gregor Schellitz exchanged a Kretscham in Oberschwedeldorf for a malt house in Glatz with the city of Glatz in 1624 . After he became provincial in 1641 , he followed
  • 1641–1646 Georg / Jiří Bohaty ; Because of a feared siege, many Jesuits fled Glatz in the spring of 1642, but were taken prisoner near Olomouc . In 1645 the Swedes burned down the Vorwerk in Heide when they passed through .
  • 1646–1650 Jakob Bohr , during his tenure the imperial troops plundered the monastery villages Altbatzdorf and Ebersdorf.
  • 1650–1653 Georg Schwarz began building the order's residence in Altheide.
  • 1653–1656 Markus Marian began building the new college.
  • 1656–1659 Balthasar Halmberger
  • 1659–1660 Balthasar Conrad was born in 1599 in Neisse . He is said to have been one of the greatest mathematicians of his time and spoke seven languages. Died on May 17, 1660.
  • 1660-1663 Arnold a Campo
  • 1663–1666 Johanes Heintz was transferred to Neisse in 1666 as rector.
  • 1666–1669 Augustin Reimann , the western part of the college was built during his tenure. In 1667 the Komturhof burned down along with the harvest.
  • 1669–1672 Rudolph Werner died on May 25, 1672 at the age of 37 on a business trip in Prague.
  • 1672–1675 Johannes Dasselmann continued building the college.
  • 1675–1678 Georg Prescher from Kochendorf in Silesia, died on 1692 in Glatz.
  • 1678–1681 Georg Klein was able to settle a dispute over exemption and other parish rights with the Prague Archbishop Johann Friedrich von Waldstein in 1680 . In 1681 he was appointed superior in Brieg .
  • 1682–1685 Christoph Nonner ; In 1683, 18 priests, five masters and new lay brothers lived in the college.
  • 1685–1688 Paul Arndt from Schönau in Silesia; built a new brewery and malt house in Niederschwedeldorf, where the brewing rights to which the college is entitled has been relocated. In 1687 he sold a share of Dürrkunzendorf .
  • 1688–1691 Johannes Miller (also Johann Müller , Latin Joanne Miller or Joannes Miller ) from Glatz; organized the writings, letters and documents and set up an archive. He arranged for a copy of the original manuscript of the chronicle of the Glatzer Augustinian monastery and wrote a description of the statue of Mary on the main altar of the Glatzer parish church, in front of which the first Prague Archbishop Ernst von Pardubitz is said to have had an apparition of Mary . The description was published in 1690 by Andreas Frantz Pega in Glatzer Verlag under the title “Historia Beatissimae Virginis Glacensis. That is / Kurtze description / From the ancient miraculous Maria picture: What to Glatz auff dem Hohen-Altar / In the parish churches of the Societät Jesu, from hundreds of years ago / Presented for public veneration / and already in 1364. By Ernesto Dem first Ertz bishop in Prague / declared a miracle worker ”. With the script, which is an important literary testimony to the re-Catholicisation measures, a resumption of the Glatz Marien pilgrimages was pursued. The new building of the college was also completed in 1690. For the year 1705, Johannes Miller is recorded as provincial when he took part in a general assembly in Rome.
  • 1691–1694 Michael Eckel , laid out a garden in the courtyard of the college, in the middle of which the statue of the Virgin Mary was placed.
  • 1694–1697 Leopold Hendt from Brussels . Vitus Seipel , Prague Auxiliary Bishop and Abbot of Strahov Monastery , took part in the celebration of the centennial of the college.
  • 1698–1701 Leonhard Reil , had an elementary school built in Glatz.
  • 1701 Thomas Schmidl was transferred as rector to the Prague Clementinum on September 12th .
  • 1701–1704 Johannes Grünsklee
  • 1704–1705 Johannes Helbig from Komotau ; became rector of the college in Eger in 1705 .
  • 1705–1708 Johannes Hanke had the burned down residence in Altheide rebuilt.
  • 1708–1711 Lukas English
  • 1711–1714 Godefried Escher , former rector from Brno , acquired a forest in Oberwernersdorf and Stolzenau from Heinrich Wilhelm von Donig in 1711 ; was transferred to Vienna in 1714.
  • 1714–1717 Paul Stralano was rainy in 1717 in the seminary in Prague's old town .
  • 1717–1720 Godefried Henel from Breslau , was previously the rain of the Glatzer seminar.
  • 1720–1723 Johannes Seidel
  • 1723–1724 Franziskus von Fragstein from Opava , was transferred to Neisse in 1724 as rector.
  • 1724–1727 Christophorus Söldner became rector of Neuhaus in 1727 .
  • 1728–1729 Hermann von Oppersdorf on Domanze , died on October 10, 1729 at the age of 58.
  • 1730–1733 Gottfried Weidinger
  • 1733–1734 Johannes Roller became secretary of the order province in early 1734
  • 1734–1735 Johannes Menzel became secretary of the order province in 1735
  • 1735–1739 Johannes Roller , appointed head of the order province in 1739.
  • 1739–1743 Franz Wenzel , until 1739 head of the order province. Had to pay contribution money to Prussia in 1742 after the First Silesian War , and the Prussian King Friedrich II confirmed the previous privileges of the college. Franz Wenzel became head of the professorship in Prague in 1743 .
  • 1743–1746 Carl Scholz from Glatz, previously rector in Liegnitz . During the Second Silesian War , the premises of the college were used as a hospital, in 1745 the college was looted and burned.
  • 1746–1750 Ignatz Ilgner from Glatz, was previously the rain of the Glatzer seminar. Failure to pray for the royal house in church meant that a fine of 18,000 guilders had to be paid to the tax authorities in 1747 .
  • 1750–1751 Franz Ilgner , a brother of the above.
  • 1751–1754 Franz von Riedau .
  • 1754–1763 Christian Rolke . Because of the Seven Years' War , the Jesuits had to leave Glatz on March 12, 1757; pastoral care was given to secular priests. After the imperial registers were able to recapture Glatz on July 26, 1760, Rector Christian Rolke returned with other Jesuits from Bohemia in early 1761 and was reinstated in his earlier rights by the Bohemian sovereign. The imperial commissioner Joseph von Wimmersberg handed over the college and the parish church to him. After the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, the Jesuits came to Glatz from the Silesian province, and the previous rector Rolke returned to Bohemia.
  • 1763–1768 Ernestus von Pannwitz on Lomnitz .
  • 1768–1773 Karl ( Carl ) von Troilo and Roveredo , died in 1774 in Glatz.
  • 1773–1776 Georg Langer from Glatz. The Jesuit order was repealed by Pope Clement XIV in 1773 , but the decree was not implemented in Prussia until 1776.

literature

  • Joseph Kögler : The chronicles of the county Glatz. Revised and edited by Dieter Pohl . Volume 2: The parish and town chronicles of Glatz - Habelschwerdt - Reinerz with the associated villages. Pohl, Modautal 1993, ISBN 3-927830-09-7 , pp. 23f., 52-55, 69-86 and 101-109 ( historical sources of the County of Glatz. Series A: Ortsgeschichte NF 2).
  • Alois Kroess SJ: History of the Bohemian Province of the Society of Jesus . Volume I .: History of the first colleges in Bohemia, Moravia and Glatz . Vienna 1910, pp. 765-782.
  • Arno Herzig , Małgorzata Ruchniewicz : History of the Glatzer Land. DOBU-Verlag et al., Hamburg et al. 2006, ISBN 3-934632-12-2 , pp. 108-118, 157-165 and 181-185.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maximilian Tschitschke: The last provost of the Arnestinian foundation. In: Glatzer Heimatblätter, Volume 12, 1926, pp. 113–125.
  2. ↑ General state, war, church and scholarly chronicles, ... Volume 11 . Johann Heinrich Zedler , Leipzig 1742, p. 901 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ Arno Herzog: The compulsion to true faith. Recatholization from the 16th to the 18th century. ISBN 3-525-01384-1 , pp. 106f.
  4. ↑ digitized version

Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 15 ″  N , 16 ° 39 ′ 7 ″  E