Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden (Mining Captain)

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Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden
Count von Reden monument in Chorzów (Königshütte O / S) by Augustyn Dyrda

Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Reden (born March 23, 1752 in Hameln ; † July 3, 1815 in Buchwald Castle in the Giant Mountains ) was a Silesian miner , a Prussian chief miner and minister.

Life

Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden came from the noble Reden family , which was very closely connected to mining. His father was Johann Ernst Wilhelm von Reden (1727–1767) heir to Hameln and Bennigsen , as well as royal British and electoral Brunswick-Lüneburg court councilor. His mother was Sophie von Reden (1732–1754). After his mother's death, his father married Sophie von Kiepe († 1759) in 1758 . In 1761 his father married Sophie von Zerrsen .

Between 1770 and 1773 Reden studied in Göttingen and Halle (Saale) . After passing the state examinations as an administrative officer, he traveled through Holland, England and France to get to know the mines and smelting facilities there. At the Bergakademie Freiberg he started studying mineralogy and geology with Abraham Gottlob Werner .

In 1777 he entered the Hanoverian civil service, but was soon appointed by his uncle Friedrich Anton von Heynitz to Berlin in his mining department. When the Silesian Upper Mining Office was relocated from Reichenbach in the Owl Mountains back to Breslau in 1779 , Heynitz gave him provisional management. Reden was appointed mining captain in 1795.

In October 1786 he was appointed to the Secret Finance Council and was raised to the rank of count by Friedrich Wilhelm II on the occasion of the monarch's coronation celebrations. In 1790 he was elected a member ( Fellow ) of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .

Reden successfully implemented Heynitz's efforts to reform and modernize the mining and steel industry in Silesia. Under his leadership, new ironworks were founded in Upper Silesia , such as the Friedrichshütte , Königshütte and Gleiwitzer Hütte. Reden introduced iron art casting in Upper Silesia. Mining for ore and hard coal flourished in Silesia. In Tarnowitz Friedrich pit arose in the coal mining area, it was the pits King and Queen Louise . In the Upper Silesian mining industry, the first steam engine was introduced in Tarnowitz in 1788 , and attempts to fire the blast furnaces with coke began in 1789 . In 1796, Europe's first coke oven went into operation in Gleiwitz .

In addition to the modernization of the operating facilities, Reden introduced measures to improve the traffic routes by building roads and canals. Reden set up the mountain school in Tarnowitz to train qualified climbers . In 1802 Reden was appointed to succeed his uncle as the Prussian chief miner and head of the mining and smelting department in Berlin. In 1803 he was appointed minister of mines.

After the Napoleonic occupation of Prussia, Minister von Reden wanted to prevent the French from looting the mines and smelters by remaining in office. Because of the oath of speeches on November 9, 1806 on the French occupying power, he was on July 9, 1807 by Friedrich Wilhelm III. Dismissed from his ministerial office with no pension rights

Buchwald Castle , Lower Silesia

Talking spent his last years on the Hirschberg Valley (Jeleniogórska) located Good Buchenwald (Bukowiec) , which he had purchased the 1785th He and his wife created an important landscape park there, which numerous famous guests visited.

1788 in the county of Glatz acquired the villages in Werdeck , Niederschwedeldorf , Mügwitz and Altwilmsdorf as well as the shares in Eisersdorf and Altheide from the abolished Glatzer Jesuit College .

Shortly before his death, von Reden set up the Buchwalder Bible Society , which his wife expanded into a social aid organization. The count and his wife were buried in the so-called abbey ruins of Buchwald , a mausoleum built for the family in the landscape garden of the castle.

He married Countess Friederike (Fritze) von Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1774–1854) in Trebschen in 1802 , she was the daughter of General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel (1738–1800) and his wife Friederike Charlotte Luise von Massow (1746–1808) . The marriage remained childless. Countess Friederike played an important social and charitable role in the Hirschberg Valley, which was also visited in the summer by the Hohenzollerns and their relatives who owned country estates there. After the death of Friederike Countess von Reden in 1854, her niece Marie Karoline von Rotenhan (1809–1878) inherited the Buchwald property.

Honors

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Konrad Fuchs:  Reden, Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 240 f. ( Digitized version ).
  2. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed April 1, 2020 .
  3. ^ Stiftung Kulturwerk Schlesien: Buchwald (Bukowiec). In: kulturwerk-schlesien.de, accessed September 28, 2013.
  4. ^ Justine Nagler: Theodor Kalide. Monograph and catalog raisonné by the Berlin sculptor (1801–1863). Berlin 2018.
  5. ^ Stephan Müller: Königshütte / Chorzów. Entry in the online lexicon on the culture and history of Germans in Eastern Europe. (OME). 2013. In: uni-oldenburg.de, accessed on May 6, 2019 (as of May 12, 2015).
  6. ↑ The history of the Reden mine. In: saarland-lexikon.de. Archived from the original on February 11, 2013 ; accessed on November 5, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Speeches, Friedrich Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Speeches, Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mining captain and Prussian minister
DATE OF BIRTH March 23, 1752
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamelin
DATE OF DEATH July 3, 1815
Place of death Buchwald Castle , Giant Mountains