Bukowiec (Mysłakowice)
| Bukowiec Buchwald |
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 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Jelenia Gora | ||
| Gmina : | Mysłakowice | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 49 ' N , 15 ° 49' E | ||
| Height : | 400-490 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 612 (2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 58-508 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | ||
| License plate : | DJE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Bukowiec (German: Buchwald ) is a district of the municipality Mysłakowice in Lower Silesia. It is located in the Hirschberg Valley at an altitude of 400 to 490 m.
There is a palace and park in the village with an important landscape park with staffage buildings and numerous ponds.
geography
Bukowiec is located about four kilometers southeast of the municipality seat Mysłakowice ( Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf ), about fourteen kilometers southeast of the district town Jelenia Góra ( Hirschberg ) and 112 kilometers southwest of the voivodeship capital Wroclaw .
It is located at the northern foot of the Giant Mountains in the Hirschberg Valley on the Jedlica stream (German Eglitz ) on the Landeshuter Kamm .
Neighboring places are in the east Gruszków (German Bärndorf ), in the south Kowary ( Schmiedeberg in the Giant Mountains ), in the southwest Kostrzyca ( Quirl ), in the west the municipal seat Mysłakowice ( Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf ) and in the north Krogulec ( Södrich ).
history
The first written mention of the place comes from 1305. In 1420 fish ponds were created in the village. The property has belonged to the knight Heinko von Zedlitz since 1367 and, as a moated castle, was owned by the von Zedlitz family until the 16th century . In 1573 it became the property of the von Reibnitz family . The castle was rebuilt in 1744 by Baron Johann Maximilian von Reibnitz († 1795), enlarged and given a mansard roof. It was then owned by the von Seherr-Thoss family .
From this in 1785 the director of the Oberbergamt in Breslau, Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Reden (1752-1815), acquired the rule of Buchwald. On the basis of his travels to England, he decided in 1789 to redesign Buchwald based on the English model. The construction work on the palace under the supervision of Martin Friedrich Rabe from Berlin lasted from 1790 to 1800. The palace was given a classical facade and the tower was shortened to a bay window. Inside it retained the winding room layout of the Renaissance. The richly stuccoed baroque room of the so-called chancellery on the ground floor was preserved, with an open fireplace and coat of arms and initials of Baron Maximilian Joseph von Reibnitz and his wife, née von Netz, as well as a baroque lounge suite on the first floor. The hall on the upper floor was designed as a classicistic oval with a dome-like vault and skylight. The house contained a rich art collection with fine porcelain, furniture and art objects, which unfortunately is missing today. The park was redesigned as a landscape park based on the English model in the sense of a so-called ornamental farm . The old farm buildings facing the Giant Mountains were demolished around 1800 to clear the view and replaced by a large farm yard behind the castle, designed by Langhans student Carl Gottfried Geißler.
Friedrich Wilhelm von Reden married Friederike Riedesel zu Eisenbach (1774–1854) in 1802 . On this occasion, the Count ordered the construction of a tea house (Belvedere), which was designed in the form of a pavilion with an open colonnade and two rooms on the sides and from which there is a view of the Giant Mountains . In addition, an observation tower , a bathhouse and an artificial ruin with a Roman amphitheater were built. The plans for modernization also included the park, which were implemented by the garden architect Hans Karl Walter.
Many famous visitors were guests in Buchwald Castle, e. B. King Friedrich Wilhelm III. with his wife Luise , the statesman Freiherr vom Stein , Count von Hardenberg , the Polish Princess Isabella Czartoryska , the later USA President John Quincy Adams , the artists Caspar David Friedrich , Carl Gustav Carus and Caspar Scheuren ; the poet Theodor Körner praised the park in 1809 with a poem. The place was also known for the social commitment of Countess Frederike von Reden. She also convinced the king to move the Norwegian stave church of Wang to the Giant Mountains.
In 1815 the count was buried in the crypt of the abbey in Buchwald. After the death of Friederike Countess von Reden in 1854, her niece Marie Karoline von Rotenhan (1809–1878) inherited the property.
In 1933 there were 779 inhabitants in Buchwald, in 1939 there were 766. Until 1945 the village belonged to the district of Hirschberg in the Giant Mountains .
In 1936, the Silesian provincial curator Günther Grundmann placed the entire inventory, furniture and art collections under monument protection. The last owner of the Buchwald estate was Friedrich Freiherr von Rotenhan, who was expelled in 1946 and returned to the Franconian Ebelsbach Castle . During the Second World War , a satellite camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp was set up in Buchwald . After the end of the war, the village and the castle were looted.
As a result of the Second World War, the previously German Buchwald fell under Polish administration in 1945. It was renamed Bukowiec and subsequently assigned to the Silesian Voivodeship. In 1950 Bukowiec came to the Wroclaw Voivodeship. Between 1975 and 1998 the village belonged to the Jelenia Góra Voivodeship . In 1999 Bukowiec came to the Powiat Jeleniogórski ( Jelenia Góra County ) in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship .
After 1945 the castle housed a school, a department of the Wroclaw University , a college of veterinary medicine, a youth center and an agricultural academy. The establishment and collection was then taken over by the Monument Protection Office. A room was set up in the castle with the memory of the Count of Reden. Restoration work has been ongoing on the Bukowiec site since 1999, to restore the palace and park to their former glory.
The spacious park with many elements of the small architecture is particularly suitable for walks and can also serve as a backdrop for exhibitions and concerts. In 2010 the Bukowiec Palace and Park was donated to the “Castles and Gardens Foundation in Jeleniogórskiej” (Fundacji Doliny Pałaców i Ogrodów Kotliny Jeleniogórskiej). The "Association of Giant Mountains Municipalities" (Związku Gmin Karkonoskich) has its seat in the castle.
Attractions
The main attractions are:
- Church of St. Martin - a late Gothic church with an irregular shape. It is surrounded by a defensive wall with a gate bastion from the 15th and 16th centuries. surround. The presbytery has a ribbed vault with a heraldic keystone . The von Zedlitz family is presumed to be the founder based on the coat of arms. The church is currently used as a cemetery chapel.
- Parish Church of St. John the Baptist - was built in 1748/1749 as a Protestant prayer house without a bell tower. In 1782 the rectory was added at a right angle. After the war it was demolished and fell into ruin. It was rebuilt in 1967–1969 and serves as the Roman Catholic parish church of St. John the Baptist. The parish was spun off from the parish in Karpniki (Fischbach) in 1972 .
- Court Kretscham - the Kretscham is in the center of the village next to the church and dates from the 18th century. It is a spacious building with a bricked ground floor, half-timbered upper floor , wooden attic and a high pitched roof with clad gables. In the past it served as a court where the patron saint of Buchwald ruled disputes among his subjects.
- Castle and park complex with
- Tea pavilion (Belvedere) and gardener's house (1797).
- Residential and farm buildings, brewery and barn from the 19th century.
- Lookout tower and artificial ruin "Kesselburg" with amphitheater (480 m)
- Abbey (artificial ruin), partly also mausoleum
- Klöber monument - a rock group made of huge granite blocks south of the village, on the hiking trail to Schmiedeberg (Kowary). On one of the stones was the inscription "Klöbers Dwelling 1795" and commemorated the stay of the historian Karl Ludwig Klöber (1739–1795) in Buchwald.
- Atonement cross - the stone atonement cross is on the road to Ober Buchwald (Górny Bukowiec). Atonement crosses remind of an act of murder according to medieval law. A spear was carved into the stone to represent the murder tool.
- Teufelskanzel - is a rock formation in the upper part of the village north of Hohenwiese (Wojków). At this point, in Austrian times, Protestant believers gathered in secret to hold services there.
- Cholera cross - a cross on a sandstone slab next to St. Martin's Church.
Palace and park complex
The Buchwald Landscape Park was one of the largest of its kind in Silesia . The park is shaped by the "romantic idea" and should encourage contemplation . Special emphasis was placed on the design of beautiful squares with views of the wide landscape and the naturally grown landscape of the surrounding area was combined with the designed park and its buildings. There are currently around 70 individual elements (buildings, natural monuments and information boards) shown on the park plan. The view from the castle to the Giant Mountains has grown over today, but it is offered from the Belvedere.
The castle park is a member of the garden culture trail on both sides of the Neisse . This improves the possibilities of care ( park seminars ) and the prospects for funding and tourist development.
Map with all coordinates: The most important elements of the castle, estate and park (around 120 ha) are listed in the following table.
| Object (german) | Object (polish) | location | image |
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| Athena Temple - Tea House (Belvedere) | Świątynia Ateny - Herbarciarnia |
(Location) |
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| Line of sight from the Belvedere - panorama of the Giant Mountains | Oś widokowa - Karkonoszy panorama |
(Location) |
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| Rock group | Group scale |
(Location) |
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| The oldest oak | Najstarszy dąb |
(Location) |
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| Memorial stone for the Silesian geographer, natural scientist and pastor Johann Adam Valentin Weigel (1740–1806) (no longer available) | Pomnik poświęcony pastorowi Weiglowi |
(Location) |
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| Gardener's house of garden architect Hans Karl Walter (1797) with flower garden | Ogrodnika Cathedral |
(Location) |
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| Mooshaus (no longer available) | Dom Kryty Mchem |
(Location) |
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| Linden trees, planted in a bunch | Lipy sadzone w wiązce |
(Location) |
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| Observation tower (Hopfenturm) | Wieża widokowa |
(Location) |
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| Panorama Giant Mountains | Panorama Karkonoszy |
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| Panorama Landeshuter Kamm | Panorama Rudaw Janowickich |
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| Kesselburg (artificial ruin) | Zamek Kessela |
(Location) |
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| Roman amphitheater | Rzymski amfiteatr |
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| Poplars, planted in a bunch | Topole sadzone w wiązce |
(Location) |
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| Ring of Druid Stones | Krąg Druidów |
(Location) |
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| Stone pond - refuge for water birds | Staw Kamienisty - ostoja ptactwa wodnego |
(Location) |
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| Island in the stone pond | Wyspa na Stawie Kamienistym |
(Location) |
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| Swamp - wetlands ( biotope ) | Trzesawisko - ekspozycja roślinności bagiennej |
(Location) |
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| Two oaks as a memorial for Friederike and Friedrich von Reden | Drzew pamiątkowe Fryderyka i Fryderyki |
(Location) |
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| Mount Mrowiec (512 m, Ameisenberg) | Góra Mrowiec |
(Location) |
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| Zoo (planned) | Zwierzyniec |
(Location) |
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| Meadow pond or swan pond - a refuge for water birds | Staw Łąkowy (Staw Łabędzi) - ostoja ptatctwa wodnego |
(Location) |
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| Nesting forest | Olszyna - las lęgowy |
(Location) |
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| Bathing pond (large pond) | Staw Kąpielnik |
(Location) |
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| Alluvial forest | Lasy Łęgowe |
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| Oaks on the dam (see CD Friedrich: The lonely tree ) | Dęby na coarse |
(Location) |
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| Panorama of the Giant Mountains as a reflection in the Kapelník pond (bathing pond) | Panorama Karkonoszy w lustrze Stawu Kąpielnik |
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| Renaissance fountain (no longer available) | Studnia Renesansowa |
(Location) |
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| Abbey ruins (1815) with mausoleum | Ruiny Opactwa |
(Location) |
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| Grave crosses on the abbey ruins | Nagrobne krzyże |
(Location) |
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| Viewing platform | Taras widokowy |
(Location) |
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| Rock cave above the Eglitzbach | Pieczara nad Jedlica |
(Location) |
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| Eglitzbach or Iselbach | Rzeka Jedlica |
(Location) |
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| Grotto at the Kapellenteich (Ponura Chapel) | Grota Kapliczki (Ponura Kapliczka) |
(Location) |
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| Chapel pond | Staw Ponurej Kapliczki |
(Location) |
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| Panorama of the Giant Mountains as a reflection in the Kapellenteich | Panorama Karkonoszy w lustrze Stawu Ponurej Kapliczki |
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| Kapellenteich - Poetengarten | Staw Ponurej Kapliczki - ogród poetów |
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| Floating islands | Staw Ponurej Kapliczki - Pływajace wyspy |
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| Garden pond with water lilies | Staw Ogrodowy - kolekcja nenufarów |
(Location) |
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| Vegetation close to the shore | Roślinność przybrzeżna i woda |
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| Willow avenue | Aleja Wierzbowa |
(Location) |
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| Landing stage | Przystań lódek |
(Location) |
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| Former mill | Mlyn i mlynówka |
(Location) |
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| Fischerhütte (no longer available) | Chatka Rybaka |
(Location) |
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| Panorama of the Giant Mountains from the former fishing hut | Panorama Karkonoszy z dawnego Domu Rybaka |
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| brewery | Browar |
(Location) |
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| Manor (farm building and coach house) | Zabudowania folwarczne |
(Location) |
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| Manor (barn) | Zabudowania folwarczne - stodoła |
(Location) |
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| pergola | pergola |
(Location) |
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| Buchwald Castle | Pałac Bukowiec |
(Location) |
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| Orangery (salon) (no longer available) | Oranżeria - salon pałacowy |
(Location) |
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| Marble bench at the mill pond (destroyed) | Lava Marmurova |
(Location) |
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| Castle Park | Park przypałacowy |
(Location) |
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| Castle pond with island | Staw pałacowy z wyspa |
(Location) |
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| Mill pond | Staw Mlyński |
(Location) |
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| Pike pond | Staw Szczupakowy |
(Location) |
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| Long pond | Staw Długi |
(Location) |
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| Clearance with a view of the long pond | Polana widokowa |
(Location) |
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| Whorl pond | Staw Gniewków |
(Location) |
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literature
- Joh. Friedr. Wilhelm Haupt: News for and about the Protestant community Buchwald and Quirl. CWI Kahn, Hirschberg 1842.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS: Population figures in Poland as of March 31, 2011
- ↑ Kulturwerk Schlesien - Buchwald (accessed on July 28, 2016)
- ↑ Buchwald Garden Culture Path (accessed on July 29, 2016)
- ^ Administrative history - Hirschberg district in the Riesengebirge ( Memento from September 3, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Verlag CH Beck, Munich (9 volumes; 2005–2009).
- ↑ Landpartie zur Countess Reden (accessed on July 28, 2016)
- ↑ Bukowiec: Palace and Park (accessed on July 28, 2016)
- ↑ Mysłakowice Municipality (accessed on July 29, 2016)
- ^ NDB Karl Ludwig Klöber (accessed on July 29, 2016)
- ↑ Ulrich Matthée: Schlesien - Schlösser im Hirschberger Tal (2008), p. 17. (accessed on August 4, 2016)
- ↑ Homepage garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse, members and cooperation partners , accessed on June 4, 2018
- ↑ Concept for the revitalization of the palace and park complex in Bukowiec (Polish) (accessed on July 29, 2016)
- ↑ Rudawy Janowickie (Landeshuter Kamm map), Galileos, Wrocław, 2015.
- ↑ Mes table sheet No. 5160, Bad Warmbrunn (accessed on July 29, 2016)
- ↑ Wikisource Valentin Weigel (accessed July 29, 2016)