Hirschberg Valley
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The Hirschberg Valley ( Kotlina Jeleniogórska in Polish ) in Poland is a large basin on the northern Silesian side of the West Sudetes and, next to the Glatzer Kessel, the largest intramontane basin landscape in the Sudetes . It is at an altitude of 250 to 400 m above sea level. NN and covers an area of 273 km². In the 19th century, the lovely landscape attracted the Prussian nobility, who had magnificent castles, manors and parks built.
geography
The Hirschberg Valley is framed on all sides by the Sudeten mountains. It lies at the foot of the Giant Mountains , which is also its southern limit. In the east the valley borders on the Landeshuter Kamm , in the west on the Jizera Mountains and the foothills of the Jizera Mountains and in the north on the Bober-Katzbach Mountains . The Bober flows through the valley along its north side, its tributaries Lomnitz and Zacken flow, coming from the south-east and south-west, respectively along the east side and the west side of the valley and flow into the Bober at Jelenia Góra ( Hirschberg i. Riesengeb. ). Jelenia Góra is the eponymous capital of the Hirschberg Valley and is also the "capital" of the Giant Mountains.
The valley is divided inwardly by chains of hills that are separated from one another by smaller valleys. From east to west, a distinction is at the foot of Landeshuter ridge lying hills Wzgórza Karpnickie at Karpniki ( Fischbach ), by the Łomnica -carrying Talsenke obniżenie Mysłakowickie in Mysłakowice ( Ziller-Erdmannsdorf ) which is adjacent to the Giant Mountains hills Wzgórza Łomnickie southeast of Cieplice Slaskie Zdrój ( Bad Warmbrunn , Callidus fons ), the wide valley basin Obniżenie Sobieszowa near Sobieszów ( Hermsdorf ) through which the jagged river flows , the chain of hills Wysoczyzna Rybnicy north-west of Piechowice ( Petersdorf ), which flows from one of them into the Jizera Mountains and its foothills The valley basin Obniżenie Starej Kamienicy near Stara Kamienica ( Alt Kemnitz ). Jelenia Góra is located in the Obniżenie Jeleniej Góry valley on the Bober, north of which the Bober-Katzbach Mountains begin .
history
Historically, the Hirschberg Valley, like all of Silesia, was alternately under Bohemian and Polish rule in the early Middle Ages. The Polish Duke Bolesław III. Schiefmund divided his empire among his sons, Silesia fell to Władysław II. His son Bolesław "the Tall One" brought the first German settlers into the country. At the beginning of the 14th century, 34 villages in the Hirschberg Valley are already mentioned. As locators were knights into the country, the basic rule justified, including the bar , Reibnitz and Zedlitz and the Schaffgotsch on Castle Chojnik , which soon took the leading role in the valley.
After Heinrich II fell in the Battle of Liegnitz against the Mongols in 1241 , Silesia was divided into smaller duchies, from which his son Boleslaw II received Liegnitz, which was divided again among his sons in 1278, giving the Hirschberg Valley to the Duchy of Schweidnitz -Jauer came. With this it fell to the crown of Bohemia under the Luxembourg kings in 1368 . Ferdinand I inherited the lands of the Bohemian Crown for the House of Habsburg in 1526 . The city of Hirschberg developed into an important place for cloth production and trade, the wealthy "veil lords" built town and country houses. In the Thirty Years' War it came to the Counter-Reformation and recatholicization all local Churches, the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 granted the Protestants only the establishment of the three Silesian peace churches ; It was not until 1707 that the Swedes again enforced the approval of local Protestant churches through the Altranstadt Convention , which were mostly newly built as prayer houses in half-timbered architecture, while the Hirschberg Gnadenkirche was built as a stone baroque building based on the model of the Stockholm Katharinenkirche .
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After the conquest of large parts of Silesia by Frederick II , the Hirschberg Valley also came to the Kingdom of Prussia in the Peace of Berlin (1742) , and from 1816 as part of the Province of Silesia . In the 19th century the Giant Mountains and the Hirschberger Valley in front of them became a popular excursion and holiday destination, and Bad Warmbrunn developed into a spa. With Fischbach , Erdmannsdorf and Schildau, the Hohenzollern royal family acquired three country estates in the Hirschberg Valley, other royal houses followed. Numerous English landscape gardens were laid out on the property, some of which merged into one another and created a park landscape at the foot of the Giant Mountains, in which many small volcanic hills were used as viewing points and places for staffage buildings.
After the end of the Second World War, the Hirschberg Valley and most of Silesia were placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces in 1945 ; Hirschberg received the Polish place name Jelenia Góra and has belonged to the Lower Silesian Voivodeship since then . Unless they had fled before, the native German population was almost completely expelled by the local Polish administrative authority . Some of the newly settled residents came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the “ West displacement of Poland ” . Only after the establishment of the Third Polish Republic in 1989 was the Hirschberg Valley rediscovered as a cultural and historical region and part of its numerous cultural monuments and landscape parks restored. With U. a. Schloss Schildau , Schloss Stonsdorf , Schloss Lomnitz and Schloss Wernersdorf , some of the historic country estates were converted into comfortable hotels, the latter two by descendants of the owners who were expelled in 1945.
Attractions
The Hirschberg Valley is the natural foothills of the Giant Mountains . From numerous places in the valley there are incomparable views of the mountains.
The outstanding feature of the Hirschberger Valley is the large number of country estates and castles, e.g. B. Mysłakowice ( Ziller-Erdmannsdorf ) or Staniszów ( Stonsdorf ), as well as today to Jelenia Góra ( Hirschberg belonging) Spa Cieplice Slaskie-Zdroj ( Cieplice ), with spa and resort facilities. On a Foothill of Krkonoše perched in the overlooks National Park Karkonoski Park Narodowy preferred (KPN) ( "Giant Mountains National Park") Burgruine Chojnik ( Kynast ) Wilk.
The picturesque lake district created in the 1980s and 1990s in the south of the Wzgórza Łomnickie, at the foot of the mountains, is a specialty. It consists of a number of reservoirs, of which the Zbiornik Sosnówka and Jezioro Sosnówka ("Sosnówka Lake") below Sosnówka ( Seidorf ) and Podgórzyn ( Giersdorf ) is the largest with a dam of 1.5 kilometers in length and 20 meters in height and an area of 170 hectares .
In Kowary there is the miniature park of the monuments of Lower Silesia , which has numerous monuments from the Hirschberg valley in true-to-scale replicas.
See also
- List of castles and palaces in the Hirschberg Valley
- List of castles and chateaus in Silesia
- List of castles and palaces in the Polish Upper Lusatia
literature
- Arne Franke, Katrin Schulze: The Silesian Elysium - castles, palaces, manor houses and parks in the Hirschberg Valley. 2nd edition, German Cultural Forum for Eastern Europe, Potsdam 2005, ISBN 978-3-936168-33-4 (= Potsdam Library for Eastern Europe - Cultural Travel ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Silesia - Castles in the Hirschberger Valley PDF, 62 pages, 2007
Web links
- Hirschberger Tal: Information, description and pictures (Polish) (accessed December 25, 2015)
- Description and pictures (Polish) (accessed December 25, 2015)
Coordinates: 50 ° 55 ′ 0 ″ N , 15 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ E