Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój

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Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój
Unofficial coat of arms of Cieplice Śląskie
Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój (Poland)
Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój
Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
District of: Jelenia Gora
Geographic location : 50 ° 52 '  N , 15 ° 41'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 51 '42 "  N , 15 ° 41' 27"  E
Residents :
Telephone code : (+48) 75
License plate : DJ
Economy and Transport
Rail route : Jelenia Góra – Szklarska Poręba – Kořenov
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Spa gardens
Warmbrunn Castle
View from Calvary after Warmbrunn, 1793

Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój ( German Bad Warmbrunn ) is a district of the city of Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg) in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia .

It has been known as a spa since the 13th century because of its radium-active , hot sulfur springs .

Geographical location

The city is located in Lower Silesia at the foot of the Giant Mountains .

history

The first mention of the warm spring "calidus fons" (lat .: warm springs), which was taken over into the place name, dates back to 1281. At that time, Duke Bernhard von Jauer and Löwenberg gave an area with forest, meadows and at the warm spring Farmland tax-free for the Johanniter from Striegau for twenty years . Its commendator fontis calidi built a hostel in “Heroldisdorf” ( Herischdorf ) in 1288 , which was probably used for healing purposes by sick visitors.

Warmbrunn belonged to the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer from the beginning and was implemented under German law at the beginning of the 14th century. After the death of Duke Bolko II. In 1368 it fell to Bohemia together with the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer under inheritance law , with Bolko's widow Agnes von Habsburg having a usufruct until her death in 1392 . In 1381 the Warmbrunn estate was purchased by the knight Gottsche II. Schoff, but it was probably not until around 1400 that it was the seat of a manorial estate of the later imperial counts Schaffgotsch . After the fire in the Kynastburg in 1675, they finally relocated to Warmbrunn.

1403 donated Gotsche Schoff II. The Zisterzienserkloster Grüssau a Provost in Warmbrunn. The castle then occupied there fell into disrepair after 1463. During the split in faith , the monastery had to pledge or lease the provost's office from 1571 to 1624. An economic boom and an orderly monastic life did not return until after the Thirty Years' War , especially from 1668 under Abbot Bernhard Rosa , when Warmbrunn was also elevated to a priory under canon law. Although it was administered by a prior who was also the local priest, the title of provost of Warmbrunn ("Praepositus Thermarium") was reserved for the Grüssau abbot. In 1691 the Propsteig buildings burned down. The reconstruction took place under Abbot Bernhard Rosa. He also initiated the construction of the Propsteiresidenz Langes Haus by the Liebau master builder Martin Urban. Until the Silesian Wars , the Warmbrunn convent consisted of a prior and twelve monks. Among these were also elderly and sickly monks, whose health should be improved by the warm healing springs and the mild climate. The towns of Warmbrunn, Herischdorf and Voigtsdorf belonged to the provost's property. Since 17./18. In the 19th century, linen weaving gained economic importance, and after its decline, sealing stone tailoring .

After the provost church was destroyed by fire in 1711, it was rebuilt by the Hirschberg city architect Kaspar Jentsch. The financing was shared by the Grüssau monastery under Abbot Dominicus Geyer and the patron saint Hans Anton von Schaffgotsch, who held the office of governor in the hereditary principality of Schweidnitz-Jauer. In 1717 he also donated the side altars Maria Hilf and St. Anna. His sister, Countess Agnes Charlotte, widowed Althann , donated the St. Hedwig's Altar in 1721 and Abbot Dominicus Geyer donated the Fourteen Helper Altar. Under his successor Innozenz Fritsch , who had previously been provost of Warmbrunn, work was carried out on the provost bath. 1732, the new high altar of the Provost Church was led by the Munich artist Johann Philipp Bornschlegel painted decoration .

After the First Silesian War in 1742 Warmbrunn fell with most of Silesia to Prussia . In the years 1784 to 1809 Imperial Count Johann Nepomuk Schaffgotsch built a horseshoe-shaped castle in the transitional style from the Baroque to the Empire. After the secularization of the Grüssau monastery property in 1810, the imperial counts Schaffgotsch acquired the provost's office and the property belonging to the Grüssau monastery back from the Prussian state and housed their major library and a museum for their collections in the Long House .

This was followed by an economic upswing with the promotion of the bathing district, which had become a well-known spa in the 17th and 18th centuries. Spa houses and hotels, a spa theater and parks in the extension of the palace gardens were built. For bathing in the sulfur-containing springs, the Count's Bath, the Propsteibad and, from 1827, the Leopoldsbad were available. The bathing business attracted prominent and financially strong spa guests, including a. the artists Caspar David Friedrich , Georg Kersting , Carl Gustav Carus , Caspar Scheuren , Hoffmann von Fallersleben and Theodor Körner and the statesmen Stein and Hardenberg and the later US President John Quincy Adams . In the middle of the 19th century, Warmbrunn already had over 5,000 spa guests a year.

The Hirschberger Valley developed at that time also a meeting place of the German and Polish nobility. The castles in Stonsdorf (Staniszów) and Neuhof (Radociny) were owned by the Counts Reuss-Köstritz , Schloss Fischbach (Karpniki) had been in the possession of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia since 1822 , Ruhberg (Ciszyca) had belonged to Princess Luise Radziwill , Erdmannsdorf , since 1824 ( Mysłakowice ) since 1832 to King Friedrich Wilhelm III. and Schloss Schildau (Wojanów) from 1839 his daughter Luise , Princess of the Netherlands. Buchwald (Bukowiec) became a spiritual center , where the Prussian mining minister Count Reden and his wife created a landscape park. The diary of the Polish Princess Isabella Czartoryska about her stay in Warmbrunn and the surrounding area in 1816 was published in German translation in 2007.

From 1816 to 1945 Warmbrunn belonged to the Prussian district of Hirschberg . In 1874 the district of Warmbrunn was formed, which also included the rural communities Warmbrunn and Herischdorf and the manor districts of Herischdorf, Vorwerk and Warmbrunn-Schloss.

In 1902 the Bad Warmbrunn wood carving school , known far beyond Silesia, was opened, where well-known teachers taught and successful students were trained. In the 1920s and 1930s, new buildings replaced the Kurhaus pools from the 17th century. The award of the title Bad took place on January 9, 1925. In 1935 Bad Warmbrunn was elevated to a town and in 1941 Herischdorf was incorporated.

During the Second World War , a satellite camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp was set up in Bad Warmbrunn .

After the conquest by the Red Army Cieplice was established in early 1945 with most of Silesia under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland asked. It was given the place name Cieplice Śląskie . The population of Bad Warmbrunn was subsequently expelled and replaced by Poles . In 1975 Cieplice Śląskie was incorporated as a district to Jelenia Góra ( Hirschberg ).

Population development

year Residents Remarks
1840 2,475 1,723 Protestants, 730 Catholics and twelve Jews
1905 4,077
1933 5,407
1939 6,051

Attractions

  • The Church of John the Baptist was built as a provost church from 1712 to 1714 under Abbot Dominicus Geyer with the financial contribution of the patron saint Hans Anton von Schaffgotsch. The design comes from the Hirschberg city architect Kaspar Jentsch. Michael Willmann created the high altar painting of the Assumption of Mary . The paintings of the Twelve Apostles on the pillars of the nave also come from the Willmann workshop. The three paintings Christ on the Mount of Olives , Christ under the Cross and Descent from the Cross were created by the Glatz painter Johann Franz Hoffmann . The church has served as a parish church since secularization in 1810.
  • The long house was rebuilt as the provost residence of the abbots of Grüssau after a fire in 1691 under Abbot Bernhard Rosa by the Liebau master builder Martin Urban.
  • The Warmbrunn Castle was 1784-1809 for Count Johann Nepomuk Schaffgotsch to draft Opole architect Johann Georg Rudolf with a two-storey ballroom in the Empire style and decorated with ornamental stucco ceiling, inlaid floors built, mirrors and crystal chandeliers. A branch of the Technical University of Wroclaw is located in the castle .
  • Kurhaus, also called Quellenhof, with mineral water pump room
  • The statue of Johannes Nepomuk on the bridge over the Zacken was created by the sculptor Georg Leonhard Weber in 1712
  • Norwegian pavilion in the former Füllner Park
  • The Protestant Church of the Redeemer with cemetery and burial chapels was built between 1774 and 1777 based on a design by the Hirschberg architect Demus. The crystal chandelier was made in the Josephinenhütte in Schreiberhau at the beginning of the 19th century .
  • The spa park was laid out as a baroque garden in 1713, redesigned in 1796 and expanded in the 19th century. The division into spa and palace gardens was retained.
The spa park is a member of the garden culture trail on both sides of the Neisse . This improves the possibilities of care ( park seminars ) and the prospects for funding and tourist development.
  • Kurtheater, Kursaal, pavilions and other buildings in the Kurpark.

  • Warmbrunn Palace around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

  • Warmbrunn around 1900

  • Palace Square

  • Theater and Kurhaus

  • Former Propstei (Long House)

  • Catholic former Provost Church of John the Baptist

  • Ev. Church of the Redeemer

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

People related to the place

literature

Web links

Commons : Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ District
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Verlag CH Beck, Munich (9 volumes; 2005–2009).
  3. ↑ Isabell Sprenger: Groß-Rosen . A concentration camp in Silesia. Böhlau Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-412-11396-4 .
  4. ^ Johann G. Knie: Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Breslau 1845, pp. 722-724.
  5. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon. 6th edition. Volume 20, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 377.
  6. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. hirschberg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ↑ Homepage garden culture path on both sides of the Neisse, members and cooperation partners , accessed on June 4, 2018