Szklarska Poreba
| Szklarska Poreba | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Jelenia Gora | ||
| Area : | 75.42 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 50 ' N , 15 ° 32' E | ||
| Height : | 440-886 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 6557 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 58-580 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | ||
| License plate : | DJE | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | E 65 Jelenia Góra - Prague | ||
| Rail route : | Jelenia Góra – Szklarska Poręba – Kořenov | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Residents: | 6557 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 0206041 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Mayor : | Arkadiusz Wichniak | ||
| Address: | ul.Buczka 2 58-580 Szklarska Poręba |
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| Website : | www.szklarskaporeba.pl | ||
Szklarska Poręba [ ˈʃklarska pɔˈrɛmba ] (German Schreiberhau ) is a town in the powiat Jeleniogórski in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. Next to Karpacz ( Krummhübel ) it is the second important Polish place in the Giant Mountains and a center of tourism . The city belongs to the Euroregion Neisse .
geography
Szklarska Poręba is 20 kilometers long and nine kilometers wide. It lies between the northern slope of the Giant Mountains and the eastern foothills of the Jizera Mountains . The highest mountain in the city is the 1,362 m high Szrenica ( Szrenica ). The southwestern district of Jakuszyce ( Jakobsthal ) is located on the Neuweltpass ( Przełęcz Szklarska in Polish ) at an altitude of 886 m. One kilometer south of the top of the pass is the border crossing between Poland and the Czech Republic on European route 65 , which runs from the Baltic port of Szczecin to Prague . The railway line, formerly known as the Zackenbahn , which comes from Jelenia Góra , has several stops in Szklarska Poręba. After a decade-long break, it has been back to Tanvald ( Tannwald ) in the Czech Republic since 2010 .
history
Schreiberhau, whose place name refers to the medieval clearing, was first mentioned in 1366 as Schribirshau and in 1372 as a writer's show . It belonged to the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer , which came to the Crown of Bohemia in 1368 .
From the Middle Ages to 1945, the entire Silesian part of the Giant Mountains as well as the Jizera Mountains were owned by the Counts Schaffgotsch . In 1545 these, to which Schreiberhau also belonged, tried in vain to be named a mining town . In the second half of the 16th century, numerous immigrants came from Bohemia , where they were persecuted for their evangelical faith. After the First Silesian War , Schreiberhau fell to Prussia together with Silesia in 1742 . After the reorganization of Prussia, it belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and was incorporated into the Hirschberg district between 1816 and 1945 . Schreiberhau formed its own rural community and was the seat of the district of the same name . In the 19th century it developed into a popular recreational and well-known winter sports resort.
As a result of the Second World War , Schreiberhau fell to Poland in 1945, like almost all of Silesia, and was renamed Szklarska Poręba . The German population was expelled. Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . 1975-1998 Szklarska Poręba belonged to the Jelenia Góra Voivodeship . The founding conference of the Communist Information Office Kominform took place in Szklarska Poręba from September 22nd to 27th, 1947 . In 1954 Szklarska Poręba was elevated to a city-like settlement and in 1959 to a city. Tourism is the largest economic factor in this place, with winter sports playing a special role because of the snow-sure location . The city has around 9,000 guest beds.
Glass industry
As early as 1366 there was a glassworks in Schreiberhau , which was moved deeper into the mountains over the centuries. In 1575 , Johann Friedrich , who came from Kreibitz in northern Bohemia, founded a new glassworks in Schreiberhau. His father Christoph Friedrich had been running a glassworks in nearby Kindelsdorf since 1545 .
In 1617, the Schaffgotsch lordship granted another glassmaker family ( Preußler ) who had immigrated from Bohemia permission to build and operate a glassworks. The Preusslers operated the hut for over 200 years.
In 1839 and 1840, the Prussian government in Liegnitz had the trade deputy Alexander von Minutoli prepare reports on glass production and trade in Lower Silesia . He was particularly positive about the talented glassmaker Franz Pohl, the son-in-law of the last Preussler. At the suggestion of the head of trade, a third glassworks was founded for Franz Pohl in 1841 in Ober-Schreiberhau / Weissbachtal district by the landlords Schaffgotsch. It was opened on July 7th, 1842 and named after the Countess Josephine von Schaffgotsch as the "Josephinenhütte". Its director was Franz Pohl until 1882. The Josephinenhütte developed into the most important industrial enterprise in the area. Franz Pohl's white-opaque crystal enamel glasses and those with colored inlays in lace filigree technique were shown at various international exhibitions and sold as far as England.
The hut was owned by the Schaffgotsch family until 1923. In the same year the company merged with the Heckertschen Glashütte in Petersdorf and the Hermsdorf company Neumann & Staebe to form "Josephinenhütte AG", which remained in operation until 1945. After the transition to Poland, production in Schreiberhau was continued as early as 1946, with part of the old workforce still working, partly under duress, partly due to material incentives. After a lost trial against the "Neue Josephinenhütte" founded by Franz Schaffgotsch in Schwäbisch Gmünd , the company had to change its name to "Huta Szkła Julia" in 1956. The hut is closed today. Smaller companies in the region continue the glassmaking traditions.
Attractions
- The "Carl and Gerhart Hauptmann House" museum ( Dom Carla i Gerharta Hauptmannów ) in Mittelschreiberhau
- The cemetery church “St. Maria Rosenkranz ”( Kośćiół MB Różańcowej ) was originally consecrated as the“ Corpus Christi Church ”and was first mentioned in 1488. It was rebuilt in the 17th century and rebuilt in 1888. The main altar and pulpit date from the second quarter of the 17th century. On the outer walls there are epitaphs of deceased members of the glassmaker families (including CC Preussler, † 1803).
- The Catholic branch church “Immaculate Heart of Mary” ( Kośćiół Niepokalanego Serca NMB ) in the Nieder-Schreiberhau district was built in 1755 by the builder Christian Feister as a Protestant church. Inside there are galleries that are connected to the pulpit altar. The crystal chandeliers were created by local crystal cutters in the 18th and 19th centuries.
- Hut hall of the former Josephinenhütte in the valley of the river Zacken ( Kamienna ) with the glass furnaces from 1841 and an upstream portal building.
- Numerous houses and villas in the former artists' colony.
- The Zackelfall ( Wodospad Kamieńczyka ) is the highest waterfall in the Polish Sudetes.
Sports
In 1925 the Winter Games of the 1st Workers' Olympics took place in Schreiberhau, and in 1933 the Bobsleigh World Championship . In 1921, 1932, 1933 and 1935, the German luge championships were held in Schreiberhau .
A ski marathon of the Worldloppet series is taking place near Szklarska Poręba at Bieg Piastów . On 18./19. January 2014 was a station of the cross-country skiing world cup here .
Personalities
Daughters and sons of the city
- Joseph Partsch (1851–1925), geographer
- Max Standfuß (1854–1917), theologian and entomologist
- Carl Partsch (1855–1932), surgeon
- Paul Gerhardt (1867–1941), special educator and writer
- Gerhard Kosel (1909–2003), architect of the Berlin television tower
- Claudia Keller (* 1944), writer
- Bernd Ohnesorge (1944–1987), taxidermist and agent
Other people associated with the location
- Ernst Bail (1871–1951), civil servant and commercial lawyer
- Wilhelm Bölsche (1861–1939), writer
- Hanns Fechner (1860–1931), painter, graphic artist, medalist and writer
- Carl Hauptmann (1858–1921) and Gerhart Hauptmann (1862–1946), writers, Nobel Prize winners
- Hermann Hendrich (1854–1931), painter
- Wlastimil Hofman (1881–1970), painter
- John Henry Mackay (1864-1933), poet
- Werner Sombart (1863–1941), sociologist
- Hermann Stehr (1864–1940), writer
Twin cities
- Bad Harzburg , Lower Saxony
- Harrachov , Giant Mountains, Czech Republic
- Kořenov , Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 487-488.
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland. Silesia. Munich / Berlin 2005, pp. 903–904. ISBN 3-422-03109-X
Web links
- City website - website in Polish. An advertising slip for tourists can also be downloaded there (PDF), optionally in German, English, Czech or Russian.
- Website of the Carl and Gerhart Hauptmann Haus museum
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Václav Šplíchal, Jaroslav Sula: Bedřichovsko-kaiserwaldský sklářský okruh. In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003, pp. 127–142. ISSN 1212-1223
- ^ Margret Dorothea Minkels : Alexander von Minutoli, the founder of the 1st arts and crafts museum in the world (1844) . Norderstedt 2018, ISBN 978-3-7460-6982-1 , p. 94-104 .
- ↑ Minkels, Margret Dorothea: Alexander von Minutoli, the founder of the 1st arts and crafts museum in the world (1844) . Norderstedt 2018, ISBN 978-3-7460-6982-1 , p. 141-144 .
- ^ Wojciech Trznadel: Huta Szkła Kryształowego "Julia" w Szklarskiej Porębie w latach 1841-1963. Monograph Śląskie Ossolineum. Vol. 13. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich - Wydawnictwo, Wrocław / Warszawa / Kraków 1966, p. 170. ISSN 0077-0523
- ↑ Christa Muths: The (un) forgotten resistance
Towns of Karpacz (Krummhübel) | Kowary (Schmiedeberg i. Riesengeb.) | Piechowice (Petersdorf) | Szklarska Poręba (Schreiberhau)
Rural municipalities Janowice Wielkie (Jannowitz) | Jeżów Sudecki (Grunau) | Mysłakowice (Zillerthal-Erdmannsdorf) | Podgórzyn (Giersdorf) | Stara Kamienica (Old Kemnitz)