Annemarie Spitzner

Annemarie Spitzner (born May 31, 1899 in Dresden ; † August 6, 1934 in Bad Warmbrunn ; full name: Annemarie Flora Clementine Spitzner ) was a German welfare worker and special needs teacher .

Life

Born as the only child of the Dresden district judge Reinhard Spitzner and his wife Hedwig Maria Klothilde born. Balke, Annemarie Spitzner grew up in the Loschwitz villa colony in her parents' house at Carolastraße 10 b (renamed from 1921: Schevenstraße 10 b). The trained welfare nurse deepened and expanded her professional knowledge through study and work stays at the anthroposophical Ita Wegman Clinic in Arlesheim / Switzerland , established in 1921 , at the "Association for the Healing and Education of Soul Care Children in Need Lauenstein" in Jena - Lichtenhain , which was completed in 1928 Goetheanum in Dornach SO / Switzerland and in the Pilgramsheim near Striegau . There she probably met her future husband Martin Kretschmer (born September 5, 1897 in Rutenganio / Tanzania ; † February 19, 1942 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp ), son of a missionary of the Moravian Brethren and close to them.

According to contemporary judgment, Annemarie Spitzner dedicated herself to her profession "with great devotion and success". Along with Martin Kretschmer and Margarete Bär (1898–1957), she is considered to be the “original initiator” of the “day care center and curative education institute for children in need of care ”, which was initially housed in the former gymnastics school of Dora Menzler in Dresden's garden suburb of Hellerau . In September 1933 she obtained state approval for the admission of children with “difficult upbringing” and “milieu impaired” as well as children suffering from epilepsy . On July 18, 1934, she married Martin Kretschmer in Hellerau, but fell ill with an infection during the subsequent honeymoon in northern Italy and died unexpectedly of the consequences of its consequences soon after in Bad Warmbrunn, Lower Silesia , where she was recovering. Annemarie Kretschmer found her final resting place in Dresden in the family grave at the Weißer Hirsch forest cemetery .

In autumn 1934 the day school and dormitory in Hellerau were able to go into operation, but on October 1, 1935 the location was relocated to the representative "Villa Waldweben" in Bonnewitz , which was a permanent memory of the institution's main co-founder, due to the lack of space Named "Haus Spitzner". Martin Kretschmer was arrested on June 10, 1941 and deported from Dresden to Sachsenhausen concentration camp in September , where he died of pneumonia . The Secret State Police dissolved the institute in Bonnewitz on January 29, 1942; The building was confiscated on March 23 by the Pirna District Office for the benefit of the Hitler Youth .

literature

• Erich Weise (ed.): Family chronicle of the Spitzner family. Printed and published by C. Heinrich, Dresden 1936, p. 58 f. and 65

• Matthias Bünger / Roland Seefried: On the history of the "Villa Spitzner" - school and dormitory for mentally handicapped children. In: Der Elbhang-Kurier 11/1997, p. 20 f.

• Uwe Werner: Anthroposophists in the time of National Socialism (1933-1945). Oldenbourg, Munich 1999, p. 344 ff., ISBN 3-486-56362-9 ( books.google.de ), accessed on February 13, 2011

• Volker van de Locht: "Dissolved and banned". A first attempt to ban the anthroposophical healing institute "Haus Spitzner" on September 22, 1936. In: Newsletter Disability Policy No. 25, September 2006, p. 6

• Albert Spitzner-Jahn: The Vogtland Spitzner family. Self-published, Kamp-Lintfort 2010, pp. 12 and 144

• Steffen Richter: Martin Kretschmer. Founder of the curative education facility in Bonnewitz. Self-published, Pirna 2012