Loschwitz

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Loschwitz (disambiguation) .

Loschwitz State capital Dresden Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 14 "  N , 13 ° 48 ′ 54"  E
Height :	107–260 m above sea level NN
Incorporation :	April 1, 1921
Postal code :	01326
Area code :	0351
Location of the Loschwitz district in Dresden

View of Loschwitz from the Blue Wonder (Loschwitzer Bridge)

Elbe castles

Loschwitz is a district in the district of the same name in Dresden . Loschwitz is one of the Dresden mansion districts along the right, north-eastern bank of the Elbe .

Neighboring districts are the Radeberger Vorstadt , the Weisse Hirsch , Bühlau , Rochwitz , Wachwitz and the Dresdner Heide . On the opposite side of the Elbe is Blasewitz , with which Loschwitz is connected by the Loschwitz Bridge, the Blue Wonder .

The Dresden mountain railways , which are still used as a means of transport today, are located in Loschwitz : the suspension railway, the oldest mountain suspension railway in the world, and the funicular railway , at whose mountain station the Luisenhof viewpoint is located.

history

The documentary first mention of Loschwitz took place on 18 October 1227 in a held in Latin document of the Meissner Bishop Bruno II. When he Luzcwiz and further downriver location Reppnitz the Meissner Cathedral Chapter transferred. The current spelling of the place name is documented for the year 1571.

Since the 18th century, the Loschwitz vineyards increasingly attracted wealthy nobles, Dresden city celebrities and artists who built their wineries and summer houses here. The established winemakers sold their property and increasingly worked as contract winemakers. In 1805, the wealthy English Earl James Ogilvy bought several vineyards on the Elbe slope on the site of today's Elbschlösser ( Albrechtsberg Castle , Lingnerschloss , Eckberg Castle ) through his liege lord Johann Georg Christian Fischer . The vineyards were used as an occasion to raise the vine with Joshua and Caleb as the coat of arms of the Loschwitz district. The coat of arms can only be seen today on the outer facade of the Hotel Villa Loschwitz.

The United Saxon-Bohemian Steamship Service decided in 1863 to build a winter port below Loschwitz. In the course of state regulation of the Elbe , the Port of Loschwitz was built by 1867 .

The former health resort was incorporated into Dresden on January 21, 1921, despite strong resistance from the population.

structure

The largest part of the Loschwitz district forms together with Wachwitz the statistical district of Loschwitz / Wachwitz in the Loschwitz district . The westernmost Loschwitz district between the Saloppe waterworks and Heideparkstrasse is today counted as part of the statistical district of Radeberger Vorstadt , although it is still located in the Loschwitz district . The district of Oberloschwitz , which extends north of Grundstrasse from Luisenhof to the White Eagle on Bautzner Landstrasse, is now part of the statistical district of Bühlau / Weißer Hirsch under the name "Loschwitz-Nordost" . It is divided into the statistical districts "422 Loschwitz-Nordost (Rißweg)" and "423 Loschwitz-Nordost (Am Weißen Adler)"; the border between the two runs along the valley cut on Steglichstrasse. After 1945, the name “Oberloschwitz” was also used for the district “Schöne Aussicht” south of Grundstraße and thus became the name of the statistical district “413 Oberloschwitz” in the Loschwitzhöhe / Sierksplatz area. Other statistical districts in Loschwitz / Wachwitz are "411 Loschwitz (Schevenstrasse)" and "412 Loschwitz (Körnerplatz)".

Museums

Leonhardi Museum (Hentschelmühle / Rothe Amsel)

With the Josef Hegenbarth Archive , the Leonhardi Museum and the Schillerhäuschen , three of Dresden's museums are located in the district.

Personalities

Noble and middle-class families of Dresden's intellectual life owned summer houses and vineyards here, including the early Baroque composer Heinrich Schütz , the court goldsmith Johann Melchior Dinglinger ( Dinglinger's vineyard ), the miniature painter August Grahl , the writer Theodor Körner , the lawyer and publisher Justus Friedrich Güntz and the painters Gerhard von Kügelgen and Julius Hübner and the descendants of the famous entrepreneur Carl Zeiss , whose grandson Erich was born here.

Manfred von Ardenne founded his institute here, which still exists today. The opera singers Theo Adam and Peter Schreier lived in Loschwitz .

Anton Ferdinand Krüger , a copperplate engraver and professor at the Dresden Art Academy, was born in Loschwitz at the end of the 18th century. The Artists' House of Martin Pietzsch was and is home to many well-known artists.

The actress, architecture and art historian Sibyl Moholy-Nagy was born in Loschwitz; the folk researcher Emil Lehmann died here. The German architect and craftsman Rudolf Kolbe lived and worked for some time in this Dresden suburb.

wine growing

On a steep drop, the edge of the West Lusatian hills and mountains , which stretches over Radebeul to Meißen and is accompanied by the course of the Elbe, wine was already being cultivated in the 11th century during the time of Bishop Benno von Meißen . The Saxon Elector Johann Georg II had several vineyards laid out in the Loschwitz hillside area since 1660 and cultivated against hereditary interest. From 1850 one can speak of a decline in viticulture on the Loschwitz Elbe slope. The reasons were varied: lower yields as a result of the centuries-old monoculture, lack of young talent in the winemaking industry or wine imports from southern Europe. Some of the vineyards were transformed into fruit and berry plantations, which promised higher profits. Apricots, peaches and plums in particular, as well as asparagus and strawberries, were cultivated on the sunny and warm sandy soils of the southern slopes. The sudden spread of phylloxera introduced from America in 1885 caused viticulture to come to a complete standstill for the next hundred years and transformed the winegrowing land into sought-after building land. High nobility and the money aristocracy soon discovered the charming landscape in Loschwitz for themselves and had castles and villas built on these slopes. At their feet in Loschwitz, the servants lived in half-timbered houses, some of which still adorn the place today.

gallery

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  Loschwitz Church

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  Half-timbered house on the Elbe

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  The former King Albert Bridge ( Blue Wonder ), around 1900

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  The Schillerhäuschen in Dresden-Loschwitz on the Körnerschen vineyard. Schiller lived here from autumn 1785 to summer 1787.

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  Schiller-Körner monument in Schillerstraße, opposite the Schillerhäuschen

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  The artist house on Pillnitzer Landstrasse

See also

• List of cultural monuments in Loschwitz
• Loschwitzbach

literature

• Hans-Peter Lühr (Red.): The Loschwitz-Pillnitzer cultural landscape . Ed .: Dresdner Geschichtsverein (=  Dresdner Hefte . Volume 34 ). 1993, ISSN  0863-2138 . ISBN 3-91005-20-6 .

Web links

Commons : Loschwitz  - Collection of Images

• Literature about Loschwitz in the Saxon Bibliography
• Dresdner-Stadtteile.de: Information about Loschwitz
• History of the Loschwitz district

Individual evidence

1. ^ Ernst Gotthelf Gersdorf (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae (CDS) II 1. Documents of the Meissen Monastery. No. 103 ( online ). Giesecke & Devrient, Leipzig 1886.
2. ↑ Loschwitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
3. ^ Association for Socialpolitik (ed.): The shipping of German currents: Investigations into their tax system, regulatory costs and traffic conditions (=  writings of the Association for Socialpolitik . Volume 100 ). Duncker & Humblot, 1903, p. 66 ( limited preview in Google Book search).