Leuben

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Leuben (disambiguation) .

Leuben with Dobritz-Süd and Niedersedlitz-Nord district and statistical district No. 61 of Dresden
.
Coordinates	51 ° 0 ′ 40 "  N , 13 ° 49 ′ 34"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′ 40 "  N , 13 ° 49 ′ 34"  E.
height	117  m above sea level NN
surface	3.57 km²
Residents	11,866 (Dec. 31, 2013)
Population density	3324 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation	Apr 1, 1921
Post Code	01257
prefix	0351
Website	www.dresden.de
Borough	Leuben
Transport links
Train	S1, S2
tram	2, 6
bus	65, 88, 89

Leuben is a district of Dresden and since 1991 it has also been the center of one of the city's ten districts . Leuben with Dobritz-Süd and Niedersedlitz-Nord is a statistical district which, in addition to Leuben, also includes parts of Dobritz and Niedersedlitz . It is located southeast of Dresden city center on the old town side of the Elbe, in the very center of the Elbe valley .

The area of ​​Leuben was already settled in the Stone Age. First inhabited by Sorbs in the Middle Ages , Leuben gained importance as a church village. However, it was never a prosperous village and was badly damaged several times by wars and major fires. Village structures survived well into the 19th century, before numerous companies settled in Leuben in the course of industrialization . The influx of workers led to various housing programs, which were implemented from 1911 by a building cooperative. During the GDR era, Leuben became the center of a large-scale project in prefabricated construction , to which large parts of the preserved historic village center fell victim. The district is still characterized by industrialization and housing construction in the GDR .

The town hall and the neo-Gothic Church of the Assumption are among the most important buildings in the district .

geography

Geographical location

Leuben is located in the southeast of Dresden in the Elbe valley and is about ten kilometers from the city center.

The terrain is mostly flat and around two thirds of it is built up. The remaining area covers an old arm of the Elbe. This silted up river bend extends between Leuben and Laubegast . There are also two gravel pits filled with water and an approximately 30 meter high mountain of rubble . The fertile soil allows arable farming on the remaining fields.

The Niedersedlitz flood ditch runs through the district . It is a part of the flood protection system for partly along the border of Kleinzschachwitz extending Lockwitzbach .

Geology and hydrogeology

View from the east of the gravel pits filled with water

The pre-Quaternary base is formed by sediments from the Saxon-Bohemian Chalk Depression . This is a moderately solidified calcareous silt-marlstone of the Cenomanian age, the so-called " planer ". The top of the bedrock is at about 100 m above sea level (about 17 m below ground). Above a clayey, silty weathered layer, the Vistula cold-time sands and gravel of the Elbe lower terrace follow . In the past, these were extracted as building materials. At the same time, the sandy-gravelly terrace deposits form the main aquifer . The mean groundwater level heights of the measuring point no. 5497 Berthold-Haupt- Strasse are approx. 112 m above sea level, whereby the current measured values ​​are elevated at 112.53 m above sea level (corresponding to 4.53 m below the terrain). The end of the normal geological profile is formed by the Early Pleistocene to the Altholocene alluvial clay. A striking element is an east-west facing silted up oxbow lake of the Elbe, which belonged to a former Elbe meander opened to the northeast .

Expansion of the district area

The outer boundary of the 245 hectare district of Leuben with its 939 parcels runs clockwise through the two gravel pits and from the north bank initially to the east. Here it follows the Oberndorfer Weg for example, only to be largely identical to the northern edge of the Elbaltarm. Finally, it meets the Lockwitzbach at the point where it turns 90 degrees to the northeast just before it flows into the Elbe. The old corridor boundary follows the Lockwitzbach or the parallel Lockwitzbachweg up to Ludwig-Kugelmann-Straße, where it bends west. At about the height of Rotdornstraße, it meets Pirnaer Landstraße, which you follow to Franz-Latzel-Straße towards the city center. From there it leads on the eastern edge of the Sachsenwerk or along the Försterlingstrasse to the southwest and then further along the Sachsenwerkstrasse and in sections along the Strasse des 17. Juni. At the western end of Sachsenwerkstrasse, the border meets the Niedersedlitzer Flutgraben and follows it to Pirnaer Landstrasse. Along this it leads 200 meters out of town and then bends to the northeast, where it meets the gravel pits again.

The statistical district of 61 Leuben with Dobritz-Süd and Niedersedlitz-Nord encompasses 357 hectares in addition to the entire district of Leuben, as well as parts of the districts of Dobritz and Niedersedlitz as well as small peripheral areas of the districts of Reick, Großzschachwitz, Kleinzschachwitz and Laubegast. In the southwest the area extends to the Dresden – Děčín railway line , in the west to the Moränenende street, in the north to Salzburger Straße, in the east to the Lockwitzbach and in the south to the Dresden-Niedersedlitz stop.

Neighboring districts

The neighboring districts are Dobritz in the northwest (towards the city center) and then clockwise Laubegast in the north, Kleinzschachwitz in the east, Großzschachwitz in the southeast and Niedersedlitz in the southwest.

The statistical district 61 Leuben borders Seidnitz / Dobritz in the north-west, Laubegast in the north, Kleinzschachwitz in the east, Großzschachwitz in the south-east, Niedersedlitz in the south-west and Reick in the far west.

structure

The statistical district 61 Leuben is divided into nine statistical districts (611 to 619). Seven of them are almost entirely in the district of Leuben, one partially belongs to Leuben and Niedersedlitz (614 Sachsenwerk) and one largely belongs to the district of Dobritz (619 Dobritz-Süd, Jessener Straße).

history

Surname

Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther name two possibilities for the origin of the place name , both of which have their origins in Old Sorbian . On the one hand, the name can be interpreted as * Ľubeń or * Ľuběń. So it would go back to the personal name of a locator and mean “place of a Ľuben” or “place of a Ľuběn”.

On the other hand, the original form of the place name could be * Łubno and derive from * łub, German for bark , bast or tree bark . As early as 1396 the current spelling “Leuben” was used, in 1402 the form “Leyben” appeared, in 1408 then “Luban”, 1495 “Lewben” and 1753 “Leiben”.

Other researchers suggest the origin of the name from Ljubanju or Ljub, German "village of the favorite."

Development until the 19th century

Leuben on a map from 1784

The area of ​​today's district was settled 3,000 years ago. This is indicated by graves and settlement remains from the recent Stone Age . Some of the masterfully decorated vessels, around 100 sickles, salvaged hatchets and lance tips date from the Bronze Age . Gotthard Neumann described some of the finds in 1928, others go back to the discoveries made by a student in a nearby gravel pit in 1948.

At the end of the 6th century the area in what is now the area of ​​the Assumption Church in Leuben was settled by Sorbs . They built simple houses and ran cattle and agriculture, even when the soil was barely fertile. Only in the 10th century was Leuben subjugated by Germans; From the diocese of Meissen, founded in 968 , the Sorbs were Christianized and Leuben became part of the Dresden Frauenkirchgemeinde , which presumably existed from 1020. Leuben developed as a space village and was of a gelängeähnlichen strip corridor surrounded.

Leuben with the old church in 1820

Leuben was first mentioned in 1349 in a document from Meißner Bishop Johann I von Isenburg as Luben . At that time it was already a church village - a separate sacred building is attested for the year 1362 - with an outbuilding and an episcopal resting place. Today's Pirnaer Landstrasse already ran through the village at that time and led via Dohna Castle to Pirna and on to Bohemia . The church or chapel that existed at that time was the only one between Dresden and Dohna , even if there is no further information about the sacred building itself. Only the new or extension from the year 1512, the old church , has been passed down figuratively. As early as the 14th century, Dobritz and Niedersedlitz belonged to the Leuben parish, in 1539 Laubegast, Seidnitz and part of Reick were parish to Leuben, and from 1561 Tolkewitz as well . The dead from the villages were buried in the Leuben churchyard . When other surrounding places became part of the Leuben parish in the 17th century, the Leuben cemetery was laid out in 1675 as a new, larger burial place for the village.

The Leuben Hereditary Court shortly before the demolition in 1898

Although Leuben as a church village had an important meaning for the surrounding villages, it remained in its structure a small farming village with a church and an inn, first mentioned in 1420, the later “hereditary court”. The population was 1547 at 18 possessed man , the 9 ⁷ / ₈  hooves managed. Women, children and domestic workers were not included in the count at that time. In the 14th and 15th centuries, Leuben belonged to various, often changing, noble and bourgeois feudal lords. The sons of Dresden mayor Lorenz Busmann , Vincenz, Hans, Alex and Georg Busmann were enfeoffed in 1408 by the margraves Wilhelm II , Friedrich I and Friedrich the Peaceful with the hereditary interest in 15 villages near Dresden, including Leuben. The manorial estate over Leuben was divided in 1547 by the manors Weesenstein , Gauernitz and Lockwitz as well as the Dresden office , to which parts of Leuben belonged as an official village . The administration of all shares was also incumbent on the Dresden office since the 16th century. Part of Leuben belonged to Johann Georg von Osterhausen in 1674, whose initials JHGVO can still be read in the wind vane of the old church. In 1764, Leuben was divided between the manors Lockwitz and Weesenstein, the latter part being under the Pirna office . At that time, eleven possessed men tilled eight Hufen of land at 24 to 25 bushels each . In addition, 15 cottage families lived in Leuben in the middle of the 18th century who lived on wage and handicraft work.

Due to its location on the Pirnaer Landstrasse, the development of Leuben suffered severe setbacks due to wars over the centuries. In the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Leuben was almost completely destroyed and then lay desolate for a few years. The Swedes invading Saxony during the Great Northern War in 1706 also took quarters in the destitute Leuben, which led to social problems. Large village fires in 1728 and 1760 destroyed parts of the village. Leuben was affected by the persecution of witches from 1768 to 1771 . One person got involved in a witch trial on charges of poltergeist . During the Seven Years' War in the middle of the 18th century and the wars of liberation at the beginning of the 19th century, farms, barns and fields fell victim to fighting and looting. Leuben recovered only slowly and remained a rather insignificant and poor farming village until well into the 19th century. On the basis of the Saxon rural community code of 1838 , it received the status of an independent rural community . In 1856, Leuben was the responsibility of the Dresden judicial office, and in 1875 the Dresden administrative authority .

industrialization

The Sachsenwerk around 1903, the successor to the bankrupt Kummerwerke

Stephensonstrasse 34–36, the first residential building built by the Leuben building cooperative

The opening of the railway line between Pirna and Dresden on August 1, 1848 with a route through the neighboring Niedersedlitz did not initially seem to have any influence on the development of the village. It was not until the end of the Franco-Prussian War that factories began to be built along the railway line in the south of Leuben. In return, agriculture declined. During the founding years , Otto Kauffmann began building a chemical factory in 1871, which later became the plate and chemical plant, “Otto Kauffmann. Chemical factory. Fireclay & mosaic tile factory ” , which his son of the same name later continued. Shortly thereafter, a factory for electrical machines , the so-called Kummerwerke , a sawmill, a factory for curtains and lace , a malt factory , printing and paper mills followed.

This resulted in a great demand for labor. In addition, Leuben was an important place of residence for industrial workers in neighboring Niedersedlitz. The population therefore grew in the course of the industrial revolution and rose from 365 in 1871 to 3472 in 1900. Furthermore, Oskar Ludwig Kummer , founder of the Kummerwerke, financed the construction of Dresden's electric suburban railway before the turn of the century in order to bring foreign workers to the city To be able to bring factories. The municipal office, which was previously housed in the still preserved farmhouse Altleuben 12, and the church from 1512 were now too small for the grown Leuben and were replaced by larger new buildings: From 1900 to 1901 a representative town hall was built based on a design by Gustav Hainichen , who mixed styles from neo-baroque to art nouveau . The new Church of the Assumption was consecrated in 1901 and the old church was torn down except for the tower. With the new church, Leuben lost an important village element, as the two ponds on the village square had to be filled in.

Around 1890, only the town center and the surrounding area were built on in Leuben. Around 1900 the first rental houses, single and multi-family houses and a few more elaborate villas were built. At the opening of the town hall in 1901, an anonymous author therefore announced in a table song written for the occasion:

“Today in Leuben you can hear happy singing,
because the town hall was built well.
We progress with the zeitgeist;
First a farming village - now a residential area. "

- Anonymous author, 1901

In 1901 the village received a public drinking and sewage network. The influx of workers to Leuben around 1900 led to a housing shortage . It was not until 1911 that the “Leuben Building Cooperative” was founded at the instigation of the Leuben parish council, acquired land and began building apartment buildings in 1912. The first residential buildings were built on Stephensonstrasse and Hertzstrasse according to plans by Alfons Girod , followed by houses on Klettestrasse in 1913. The First World War led to a construction freeze. A memorial in front of the Assumption Church today commemorates the 611 Leuben soldiers who fell.

From 1921 to 1945

On April 1, 1921, Leuben was incorporated into Dresden. In contrast to other formerly independent districts of Dresden, such as Blasewitz and Loschwitz , which were incorporated at the same time, this did not provoke any noteworthy protests in Leuben. For the citizenship around the community leader Otto Hermann Dittrich (1864–1929) the expected advantages outweighed the advantages.

Between the world wars, social democratic and communist teachers in Leuben had a great influence and established the reputation of the “Red Leuben”. In 1920, after the Kapp Putsch , teachers wrote the following strike call:

"The teachers of the Leuben elementary school express their sharpest astonishment that the leadership of our teachers' union has not found ways and means, that the entire teaching staff, who probably completely reject the insane actions of the coup d'état in Berlin, did not do so on March 15th, 2020 was able to testify with all like-minded people in the protest strike. - She therefore expressed her indignation against the act of the Berlin rulers with the entire population of the place in her capacity as a councilor on March 13th. by stoppage of work - after the children have been informed. "

- The teaching staff at Leuben 1920.

There were intensive contacts with the local group of the KPD around Olga Körner . This changed radically in 1933 when the National Socialists came to power and led to the several arrests of so-called "Red Teachers" by the Leuben local group of the SS . Larger pogroms against the Jews are not known from Leuben.

The air raids on Dresden at the end of the Second World War , which severely damaged parts of the Saxon state capital, had only minor effects in Leuben. 113 Leuben apartments were destroyed, there were no fatalities. For a short time in 1945, the Leuben school served as a reception camp for bomb-damaged Dresden residents and the Leuben town hall as a missing center where the victims of the bombing of Dresden were registered.

Development from 1945 to 1990

Neuleuben residential complex with information board about the construction project around 1974

Neuleuben in winter 2006

After 1945 the creation of living space was an urgent task for the whole city. The unrest of June 17, 1953 heightened pressure on the government to resolve this problem quickly. In the course of the “new course”, so-called workers' housing cooperatives (AWG) were created, which received building land free of charge and issued interest-free loans to their members. The “AWG des VEB Sachsenwerk and affiliated companies Dresden-Niedersedlitz” was founded in Leuben. She started building housing in 1954. The first 18 AWG apartments were handed over on May 1, 1955. By 1959, eight more buildings with 138 apartments were built with this program.

In 1964, the first considerations for the construction of a new building area "Neuleuben" in prefabricated construction began . It was primarily intended for the workers in the surrounding companies. Four years later, the development plan was ready and approved. He planned not only to cultivate fields west of the Ascension Church, but also to demolish parts of the historic town center in addition to smaller businesses and four garden centers. This was made possible by the "Law on the Development of Cities in the GDR" passed in 1950, which provided for the expropriation of land that was located in the so-called "development area". In Leuben, this affected 20 properties, including historic three-sided farms and the old “Zum Lindengarten” inn. Those affected could not defend themselves against the demolition and received an average severance payment of 20,000 marks, which was the price of a Wartburg .

The prefabricated building complex was built from 1970 to 1974 under the urban planning direction of the architects Udo Fehrmann and Kurt Röthig and the complex architects Helmut Verwaltung and Horst Linge . The residential buildings extend on the new building area between Pirnaischer Landstrasse, Altleuben, Breitscheidstrasse and Moränenende. The special feature of the project was that in Leuben “for the first time planning and implementation of the construction program were comprehensively coordinated and the supply and traffic conditions were taken into account”. Various five to fifteen storeys with around 3,500 apartments were built by 1974. To this end, schools, kindergartens, a shopping and service center, the “Friendship” restaurant and a polyclinic were built. The newly built Dresden-Reick thermal power station supplied the complex with district heating. In addition, seven streets were newly laid out, which were given place names.

Development after 1990

Residential house Zamenhofstrasse 2 in summer 2009 shortly before the demolition

After the fall of the Wall , Leuben became the center of the district of the same name , to which the area between Alttolkewitz and Zschachwitz belongs. An extensive renovation program began. The facades, but also the interior of the houses, were modernized, and the few remaining buildings in the village center were renovated. In addition, at the turn of the millennium, a modern district center with shopping facilities was built on Pirnaer Landstrasse, directly at the old village center.

The Elbe floods in 2002 also flooded Leuben. First of all, the Niedersedlitz flood ditch overflowed its banks and a few days later the Elbe , which first flooded Zschieren, Kleinzschachwitz and Laubegast and finally parts of Leuben over the Alte Elbarm.

In 2006, the city of Dresden sold its municipal housing association WOBA , which also included many Neuleuben apartments, to the US investment company Fortress . The first prefabricated housing estates were demolished in the following years, including a district built in 1987 in the area of ​​Pirnaer Landstraße, Stephenson-, Diesel- and Hertzstraße, which was considered difficult to rent due to the apartment floor plans. In 2009 the so-called “Blue Giant”, a fifteen-storey building on Zamenhofstrasse in Neuleuben, was demolished.

population

year	Residents
1547/51	18 possessed men , 29 residents
1764	11 possessed men , 15 cottagers
1834	267
1871	365
1890	1,201
1910	4,335
1975	approx. 15,000
1990	15,081
2004	11,414
2009	11,574

Population development

The population changed only slowly until the middle of the 19th century. Only the construction of numerous factories on the border to Niedersedlitz from the 1870s onwards led to rapid urbanization in Leuben and to a population explosion.

While the two world wars led to significant declines, the number of inhabitants rose sharply again after 1970 as a result of the construction of the new building area. Since 1990 the number has been falling again as a result of people moving away after German reunification and the general demographic development in Germany .

Population structure

The population of just over 11,000 in 2004 was an average of 48.4 years old. Men and women were represented in a ratio of 46:54. The share of foreign citizens was 1.7%, well below the city's average of 3.8% and 8.8% for Germany.

Compared to the Dresden city area, the under 20 year olds and the 40 to 55 year olds were roughly represented, while the 20 to 40 year olds under and the over 55 year olds were overrepresented. A particularly high proportion of the population moved in at the beginning of the 1970s and influenced the age structure at that time, which was due to the development of the new building area at that time and the applicable allocation guidelines for living space.

Culture and sights

Cultural monuments

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Leuben

The Leuben cultural monuments include the tower of the old church with the church cemetery, the Ascension Church and the rectory, the Leuben cemetery , the town hall and the school. The majority of the cultural monuments in Leuben are made up of various residential buildings, from simple residential buildings to semi-detached houses, villas, apartment buildings and rows of residential buildings.

Theater and operetta

The "Feenpalast" theater

The converted Feenpalast, the venue for the Dresden State Operetta from 1947–2016

In 1900 a new inn was built on the site of the historic “Zum Erbgericht” inn, which was demolished in 1898. It had three concert and ballrooms and soon became the center of cultural life in Leuben. The Sunday balls in particular attracted large audiences. In 1925, Alfred Buschbeck took over the house and named it "Feenpalast" after renovations. The great hall now held 1000 people and was richly decorated with chandeliers, paintings and mock boxes.

After 1945 Georg Wörtge , director of the Theater des Volkes, began building a theater group in the Leuben Fairy Palace, which was not hit by a bomb. Small pieces have already been performed in the former guest room, while the large hall was rebuilt and got a larger stage, an orchestra pit and stage technology from the rubble of the Central Theater in Dresden's Waisenhausstraße. In August 1947 the Midsummer Night's Dream was performed in the new Apollo Theater, the first completed theater renovation in Saxony, and The Merry Widow in the same year . Close cooperation with Constantia in Cotta , later the venue for the Young Generation Theater , ensured a varied program . Operettas , however, formed a focus, which is why the house was called Operettentheater Dresden from 1950 and later State Operetta Dresden . It is the only independent operetta theater in Germany. After the renovation of the former thermal power station in Wilsdruffer Vorstadt, the State Operetta and the Young Generation Theater have been united under one roof since December 2016 in what is now the Kulturhaus Kraftwerk Mitte .

Churches and cemeteries

The Ascension Church in Leuben

Old parish church and new Church of the Assumption

The old Leuben church was probably built in 1512 and for a long time was the only church between Dresden and Dohna. The modest village church received a new organ when it was last renovated in 1858. After the dilapidated church could no longer contain the parish, which had grown considerably due to the influx of new workers during industrialization, it was demolished by 1900. After protests by residents and monument preservationists, their tower, which is now used by the young community of Leuben, was retained.

On May 16, 1901, the new Church of the Assumption was consecrated. It had been built since 1899 according to plans by the Blasewitz architect Karl Emil Scherz, right next to the old church tower, in the neo-Gothic style. The 75 meter high tower is a prominent point in the Leuben townscape. The interior decoration was partly taken over from the old church. Due to its good acoustics, the Ascension Church is a popular concert venue.

The old churchyard is located around the old church tower. It probably existed as early as the 14th century and thus since the church existed. At 520 square meters, it is one of the smallest cemeteries in Dresden . After three villages were parsed to Leuben, the churchyard had become too small and was relieved in 1675 by the nearby, newly laid out Leuben cemetery. The churchyard was closed to burials in 1900. Tombs from the late 18th and early 19th centuries have been preserved.

Grave of the Neuberin in the Leuben cemetery

The new Leuben cemetery on Pirnaer Landstrasse is the oldest preserved cemetery in Dresden that did not also serve as a churchyard. The entrance was initially on the east side, but was moved to the south side as part of an expansion in 1802. In 1891 a cemetery chapel was built, which is now a listed building.

The best-known person buried in the Leuben cemetery is the actress Friederike Caroline Neuber (1697–1760), known as the Neuberin. A monument is dedicated to her in the neighboring Laubegast, where she spent the last years of her life lonely and impoverished. The Tolkewitz astronomer Christian Gärtner (1705–1782), who, along with Johann Georg Palitzsch , was known as the Dresden comet discoverer in the middle of the 18th century, was also buried in the Leuben cemetery, but his grave has not been preserved.

Local museum

With the construction of the Ascension Church from 1899, the old church was torn down. After the efforts of the Leuben population and local monument protectors prevented the church tower from being demolished, a local history museum was set up in the tower at the expense of the Saxon Antiquities Association and the Association for the Preservation of Art Monuments. After Leuben was incorporated into Dresden in 1921, it was considered the city's smallest museum and was part of the city ​​museum from 1921 . As early as 1932, the collection, which included the old church pulpit, spinning wheels, Bibles, utensils from the Leuben night watchman and cradles, was lost.

Leuben Castle

The building was built in 1445 as a moated castle. In 1698 it was taken over by Hans Gottlieb von Thielau, educator of Augustus the Strong . In the years 1720-1725, Thielau had the building demolished and a two-storey baroque palace built. The building was constructed with a medium risalit and a hipped roof . The moat remained. In 1945 the property was expropriated. It served as a local Soviet headquarters, refugee hostel , school and LPG office. The building remained vacant from 1974 to 1991. Subsequent investors sold usable interior fittings. In 2004 the Leubener Schlossverein was founded to repair the property. It has been gradually restored since 2005. Stucco and wall paintings are still partially preserved. There have been new owners since 2017. The castle should remain open to the public.

Former cinemas

The Leubener Lichtspiele, status 2010

In 1909 a cinematograph theater opened in Leuben on what is now Dieselstrasse 7. The hall in the residential building held 200 visitors. Two silent films were shown daily, accompanied by the harmonium . The “Leubener Lichtspiele”, also known as the Dodrophon Theater, existed until the owner's death in 1927. The Leubener Lichtspiele's cinematography apparatus is owned by the Technical Collections . The house still exists, but has deteriorated into ruin.

In August 1927, the first sound film cinema in Leuben opened on Stephensonstrasse. The “Stephenson-Lichtspiele” existed until 1990 and were “an important address in the east of Dresden”. Today the rooms are used by a video library. Inside, parts of the cinema furniture, including wooden folding chairs and an Ernemann VII film projection machine from Zeiss Ikon , have been preserved.

Former folk festivals

Well-known cattle markets took place in Leuben every year in April, July and October for several centuries . Up to 100 farmers traveled with their animals and organized a large folk festival at the same time . As the number of farmers declined during industrialization, this tradition ended in the late 19th century.

For a short time, the folk festival tradition revived with the Leubener Vogelwiese. It already took place regularly in August two weeks in front of the Dresden Vogelwiese in the 1920s . For this purpose, showmen gathered in an open field not far from today's Berthold-Haupt-Strasse. In addition to the ferris wheel and lottery booths, there was traditional bird shooting followed by the coronation of the shooter king. After the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, the Leubener Vogelwiese was closed. In the 1980s there was a residential area festival every September on the open space between Leuben and Dobritz.

Sports and clubs

In the summer of 2005 a water ski facility went into operation in the former gravel pit area in Leuben. It developed into a popular leisure facility in the southeast of Dresden.

Leuben has a lively club life, including garden clubs, the chess club SV Dresden-Leuben and the bowling club KSV Dresden-Leuben. The football club FSG Wacker 90 Leuben, which was newly founded in 1990, emerged from BSG Chemie Niedersedlitz in 1990. The first men's team from Wacker 90 Leuben plays in the city league B, the second highest division in Dresden and the tenth highest league in Germany.

Economy and Infrastructure

Industry

Oskar Ludwig Kummer, the founder of the Leubener Kummerwerke

Along the railway line from Dresden via Niedersedlitz, Pirna to Prague, Otto Kaufmann was the first to discover a favorable location for an industrial settlement. In 1871 he began building a plate and chemical factory, which was followed a year later by a fertilizer factory. This triggered a number of other industrial settlements in Leuben in the early years . The Sachsenwerk and the curtain factory in particular were or are of supraregional importance .

A plant for electrical machines was also built on the railway line in 1887. After ten years of research in a small workshop, Oskar Ludwig Kummer founded the Kummerwerke , which - soon renamed "Actien-Gesellschaft Elektricitätswerke" - temporarily employed up to 900 people. The Kummerwerke went bankrupt in 1903. The successor company became "Sachsenwerk, Licht- und Kraft AG" in the same year. In the Sachsenwerk mainly transformers and switching devices for electrical lighting and large motors and generators , for example for ships, were manufactured. In the 1920s, radios and tram engines were added. Since the factory was engaged in arms production, it was dismantled in 1946. It was rebuilt using the simplest of means. In addition to motors, consumer goods such as saucepans , electric saws and refrigerators were also built. It was not until 1952 that the production volume returned to the pre-war level. The plant remained the sole manufacturer of medium-sized and large electrical machines in the GDR until 1990. After the reunification of Germany, the number of employees fell from 2,800 to around 400 in the course of several changes of name. Since then, it has established itself as a supplier of large electrical machines on the world market .

Curtains made of lace were the late 19th century as a luxury. Only in England were there suitable machines for the popular bobbinet technology. When export to Germany was allowed after 1880, Siegel and Marwitz began producing lace in 1884, initially in Dresden- Johannstadt . Soon they were so successful that a second factory was built on the border between Leuben and Dobritz , again along the railway line. After 1912, production only took place here. In 1946, the company and the Sachsenwerk were dismantled and then painstakingly rebuilt. In the GDR years he belonged to the world-famous combine "VEB Plauener Spitze ". After 1990, the workforce fell from 450 to just 45 in 2005. The former factory rooms are now home to a large number of smaller companies.

town hall

→ Main article : Leuben Town Hall

City Hall Leuben 2010

Leuben experienced rapid growth in the 1880s, which also required better management. The community office, which was previously housed in a farmhouse, became too small, and so in November 1886 the decision was made to build a new town hall . Almost 14 years later, on May 18, 1900, the foundation stone for a town hall building based on a design by Gustav Hänichen was laid. The inauguration took place on February 28, 1901.

In the first 20 and perhaps most significant years of its existence, the town hall saw a number of landmark decisions; these include the expansion of the Dresden suburban railway and the decision to incorporate it into Dresden. After this was completed, the town hall was renamed the town hall and used as a police station , savings bank and registry office. After the Ratskeller restaurant located in the town hall had to close in 1921 due to a lack of guests, a bathing establishment was set up in its place in 1925, which existed until 1992.

After 1945 the town hall initially housed a reception center for bomb victims, later also a tuberculosis ward and a maternity care center. In the later GDR years, administrative tasks such as police reporting and housing management again predominated .

Dresden was divided into ten districts in 1992 and Leuben was the center of one of these areas. The town hall has been restored and has been the seat of the city district office since 1998 (until 2018: local office). In 2001 it celebrated its 100th anniversary together with the Church of the Assumption.

School system

66th elementary and middle school (today's high school) in 2010

Around 1539, during the Reformation in Germany, during a visit by Justus Jonas from Wittenberg , a companion of Martin Luther , the establishment of a school system for Leuben was warned. For this purpose, the sexton was commissioned to teach hymns first and then the catechism . Since 1580 only certified teachers have been admitted by law. In 1771 Gottlob Heyne became a schoolmaster in Leuben. He campaigned for lessons to be moved from the teacher's home to a proper school building. After years of struggle, it was built in 1782 on the site of today's Church of the Assumption. It consisted of a 24 square meter classroom with a teacher's apartment above. Around 1835, 235 children in three classes received instruction here, not only from Leuben but also from the surrounding villages.

A second school building was added around 1866. This building still stands today, but is no longer used as a school. When it also no longer met the requirements, today's 66th elementary and high school was built on Dieselstrasse in 1894. This school, already equipped with a library , has been expanded several times.

After 1970, the 73rd, 78th and 93rd POS were built in the new building area, each with its own gym, sports fields and school gardens. Up to 90 children per year were taught in each school. The primary school students received lunch at school for 55 pfennigs. A common dining room in the “Friendship” restaurant was used for grades five and higher. Today the 93rd is still used as a primary school. The former 73/78. The double school in Zamenhofstrasse is meanwhile a high school, grammar school and vocational school for hotel and catering.

Nurseries

From the middle of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century, Leuben was transformed into a garden landscape. When the strong growth of Dresden left the gardeners no more space in the city, many moved to the suburbs and founded large market gardens . Fertile soils and a mild climate favored this trend. By 1887 there were already 17 horticultural businesses in Leuben. In return, Leuben's eleven farms were reduced to four around 1900. Many Dresden residents used the weekend for a trip to the suburbs to enjoy the clean air and good hospitality.

• At the end of the 19th century, Max Ziegenbalg (1861–1919) made a name for himself, who bought large estates and used the most modern horticultural technology. Its ground-level and walk-in greenhouses were a world first at the time. Rubber hoses for irrigation were also not long known. Until his death in 1919, the nursery became one of the largest in continental Europe.
• In 1892 the company Münch & Haufe bought land for a large nursery. Julius Haufe was already selling roses in several European countries after two years . After his death, the Münch brothers continued the rose business. It existed until after 1990 and was then sold.
• Arthur Voigt (1867–1940) began setting up an azalea nursery in 1895 . Numerous new breeds go back to him, such as the varieties "Snow White" and "Snow White". The company was partially expropriated in 1947 and completely expropriated in 1973. The founder's descendants continued to work there as employees and received it back in 1990. After the sale, a housing estate has been built on the site.
• The dahlia specialist Kurt Engelhardt (1875–1958) founded his business in 1914 in the immediate vicinity of the town hall. His fiery red cultivation "Kalif" achieved world fame, the first giant-flowered dahlia cultivation, which, however, is considered lost. After the Second World War, the founder's grandson made a fresh start in 1958. However, in 1969 the nursery had to give way to Neuleuben and move to Heidenau , where it still exists today.

Only two nurseries have survived to the present day: the nursery Fischer, now Müller, which moved from Striesen in 1902, and the nursery Willkomm, founded in 1914. Both supply the trade in balcony and garden plants, but also operate direct sales.

traffic

The “tree frog”, the Dresden suburban railway that runs through Leuben

Former Leuben tram depot on Stephensonstrasse

Since Leuben is on an old trunk road, there has been a lot of tourist traffic here for centuries. With the urbanization of the Dresden area, there was also a public transport connection. Because there was still a shortage of housing in Leuben around 1900, the founder of the Kummerwerke, Oskar Ludwig Kummer, financed the construction of an electric tram for workers living far away from the works. From 1899 the Dresden suburban railway , a narrow-gauge tram with 1000 mm gauge, ran between Niedersedlitz, Leuben and Laubegast, from where there was already a connection to the Dresden tram . Because of its green color, the suburban railway was soon popularly known as the “tree frog”. The Leuben tram station was built on Stephensonstrasse in 1910 and is now used as the rescue station for the Maltese emergency service .

After the incorporation of Leuben into Dresden, the line was converted to the gauge of the Dresden tram by 1925 and also connected to the network via Gruna . Around 1936, the initially narrow-gauge (and later also re-tracked) connection from Kleinzschachwitz to Leuben via Niedersedlitz was replaced by a new line from Leuben. This made the district a hub in the Dresden tram network.

The route of the trams running through Leuben has been changed several times over the decades. In the 1970s and 1980s, lines 6, 9, 12 and 14 ran through the district, today it is still lines 2 and 6. Line 1 runs partially along the border with Dobritz. A total of 20 stations are approached in the district area.

In addition to the dominant trams, there are also some bus lines to and from Leuben, in particular from 1951 to 2009 these were line E or 73 to Heidenau , the end of which was moved from Heidenau to Luga in 2003, and line 89 from Löbtau , which has existed since 1964 , which was extended to Heidenau in 2003. They served a total of twelve stops in the Leuben area. With the 2010 bus network of the Dresden Transport Authority , both lines were combined in the new bus route 65 at the end of 2009, which now crosses Leuben coming from Blasewitz and ends in Luga or Heidenau.

The breakpoint Dresden-Niedersedlitz the S-Bahn Dresden is on the border of the statistical neighborhoods Leuben and Niedersedlitz. From there, two lines take you to the main train station in around 10 minutes and Dresden Airport in around 35 minutes.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of Leuben

• Georg Adolph Mehner (1723–1784), Protestant theologian (son of Johann Gottfried Mehner)
• Johann Gottfried Sommer (1782 / 1783–1848), writer
• Bruno Heydrich (1865–1938), singer and opera composer
• Max Rudolf Lehmann (1886–1965), economist
• Edmund Schuchardt (1889–1972), architect
• Hermann Kügler (1900–1993), chemist and economist as well as youth leader in the Bundische youth movement and temporarily employee in the Ribbentrop office
• René Krause (* 1976), baking world champion

People associated with Leuben

• Johann Gottfried Mehner (1690–1762), pastor in Leuben until 1728, known Winckelmann and had a strong influence on Palitzsch as pastor in Leubnitz
• Christian Gärtner (1705–1782) is said to have been encouraged to do astronomy in the Leuben village school and was buried in the cemetery
• Robert Sterl (1867–1932), painter and art professor, went to school in Leuben
• Olga Körner (1887–1969), communist politician and resistance fighter, in 1919 in the Leuben municipal council
• Fritz Randow (1891–1953), founder of the Dresden State Operetta at its location in Leuben (1947–2016)
• Fritz Steiner (1913–1977), Striese von Leuben, from 1958 to 1977 director of the Dresden State Operetta
• Rolf Ludwig (1925–1999), theater and film actor, grew up at 17 Lilienthalstrasse from the age of five
• Olaf Böhme (1953–2019), cabaret artist and multiple artist, attended the 66th polytechnic as a child. OS in Leuben and lived in his current home on Lilienthalstraße until he moved

literature

• Annette Dubbers: Leuben - From the history of a Dresden district . Verlag A. Dubbers, Dresden 2005, ISBN 3-937199-33-0 .
• Elke and Christian Mittasch (eds.): Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the Ascension Church in Dresden-Leuben 2001 . Hille, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-932858-51-4 .
• Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben ... In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, ISBN 3-9806602-2-2 , pp. 45-76.

Web links

Commons : Leuben  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Dresden districts
• Ascension Church Dresden-Leuben
• dresden.de: Statistics (PDF; 362 kB)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie: Geological map of the areas covered by the Ice Age in Saxony, sheet no. 2668 Dresden, scale 1: 50,000
2. ^ Central Geological Institute of the GDR: Quaternary lithofacies maps, sheet 2668 Dresden, M 1: 50,000, Berlin 1975.
3. ↑ Dresden city map, current measured groundwater values ​​( http://stadtplan.dresden.de/?TH=6.324 )
4. ^ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony. Volume 1, Berlin 2001, p. 584.
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben… In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, p. 45.
6. ↑ Values ​​of our homeland . Volume 42. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1985, p. 186.
7. ↑ Gotthard Neumann: New prehistoric finds in the corridor Dresden-Leuben. In: Dresdner Anzeiger. February 23, 1928; Dresden latest news. February 24, 1928 ( Online ( Memento from July 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ))
8. ^ Annette Dubbers: Leuben - From the history of a Dresden district . Verlag A. Dubbers, Dresden 2005, p. 6.
9. ^ Annette Dubbers: Leuben - From the history of a Dresden district . Verlag A. Dubbers, Dresden 2005, p. 8.
10. ↑ ^{a b} Leuben in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
11. ↑ Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben… In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, p. 47.
12. ^ Document book of the cities of Dresden and Pirna (CDS II 5) . Leipzig 1875, No. 129, p. 117 f.
13. ↑ See also from old and new times. In: Lokal-Anzeiger. No. 89, 1900.
14. ↑ Manfred Wilde : The sorcery and witch trials in Kursachsen , Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, p. 492.
15. ^ ^{A b} Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben ... In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, p. 52.
16. ↑ Leuben. In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. Volume 12, Leipzig 1908, p. 457.
17. ↑ Quoted from Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben ... In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, p. 58.
18. ^ Archives of the 66th Dresden-Leuben High School.
19. ↑ Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben… In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, p. 54.
20. ↑ Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben… In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, p. 55.
21. ↑ See dresdner-stadtteile.de
22. ^ Annette Dubbers: Leuben - From the history of a Dresden district . Verlag A. Dubbers, Dresden 2005, p. 60.
23. ^ Annette Dubbers: Leuben - From the history of a Dresden district . Verlag A. Dubbers, Dresden 2005, p. 63.
24. ^ ^{A b} Dietmar Sehn: Luben became Leuben ... In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch. No. 6 . DZA, Altenburg 2000, p. 74.
25. ↑ WOBA Extrablatt , March 1, 2006 ( Memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
26. ↑ ^{a b} Statistics of the City of Dresden: District 61 - Leuben , as of December 31, 2004.
27. ^ Peter Gunold: 50 years of the Dresden State Operetta, 225 years of the musical folk theater in Dresden . Läzer, Weimar 1997.
28. ↑ Before the move: State Operetta takes stock of the last season in old town. In: Dresdner Latest News . July 19, 2016, accessed May 31, 2017 . 
29. ↑ Georg Dehio (ed.): Handbook of German Art Monuments. Dresden . Updated edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 2005, p. 169.
30. ^ Marion Stein: Cemeteries in Dresden . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 2000.
31. ↑ See Dresdner Nachrichten, 1932.
32. ↑ Winfried Dolderer: Risen from the ruins . To be restored: the Saxon baroque castle Leuben. In: German Foundation for Monument Protection (Hrsg.): Monuments . Magazine for monument culture in Germany. No. 3 . Monuments publications, 2019, ISSN  0941-7125 , p. 36, 37 .
33. ^ ^{A b} Annette Dubbers: Leuben - From the history of a Dresden district . Verlag A. Dubbers, Dresden 2005, p. 56.
34. ↑ See Annette Dubbers: Leuben - From the history of a Dresden district . Verlag A. Dubbers, Dresden 2005, pp. 54-55.
35. ↑ See overview of the club's teams
36. ↑ State capital Dresden, local office Leuben (Ed.): City Hall Leuben . Dresden 2001.
37. ↑ The school buildings of the HOGA , Hotel and Restaurant School Dresden (HOGA), there for reasons of transport connections with the name of the neighboring district Dobritz.
38. ↑ See dahliengarten-hamburg.de ( Memento from July 29, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
39. ↑ See BOS-Fahrzeuge.info, MHD ambulance station Dresden-Leuben
40. ↑ Line overview of the Dresden transport company
41. ↑ Dirk Hein: René Krause is world champion - in baking bread rolls. In: Sächsische Zeitung , November 27, 2012 ( online ( memento of August 30, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )).
    Nadine Steinmann: The man behind the giant tunnel: René Krause is responsible for the cut. In: Dresdner Latest News , November 27, 2012.
42. ^ (Anonymous): Silhouettes of noble Germans . Volume 3, Hendel, Halle 1784, p. 197.
43. ^ (Anonymous): Silhouettes of noble Germans . Volume 3, Hendel, Halle 1784, p. 123f.

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 29, 2006 .