Südvorstadt (Dresden)

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Coat of arms of Südvorstadt -West and -Est
Coat of arms of Dresden
Südvorstadt
-West and -East
district and statistical districts No. 81 and 82 of Dresden
Landkreis Bautzen Landkreis Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Landkreis Meißen Äußere Neustadt (Antonstadt) Albertstadt Blasewitz Briesnitz Bühlau/Weißer Hirsch Coschütz/Gittersee Cossebaude/Mobschatz/Oberwartha Cotta Friedrichstadt Gönnsdorf/Pappritz Gompitz/Altfranken Gorbitz-Süd Gorbitz-Ost Gorbitz-Nord/Neuomsewitz Großzschachwitz Gruna Dresdner Heide Hellerau/Wilschdorf Hellerberge Hosterwitz/Pillnitz Innere Altstadt Innere Neustadt Johannstadt-Nord Johannstadt-Süd Kaditz Kleinpestitz/Mockritz Kleinzschachwitz Flughafen/Industriegebiet Klotzsche Klotzsche Langebrück/Schönborn Laubegast Leipziger Vorstadt Leuben Leubnitz-Neuostra Lockwitz Löbtau-Nord Löbtau-Süd Loschwitz/Wachwitz Mickten Naußlitz Niedersedlitz Pieschen-Nord/Trachenberge Pieschen-Süd Pirnaische Vorstadt Plauen Prohlis-Nord Prohlis-Süd Radeberger Vorstadt Räcknitz/Zschertnitz Reick Schönfeld/Schullwitz Seevorstadt-Ost/Großer Garten Seidnitz/Dobritz Strehlen Striesen-Ost Striesen-Süd Striesen-West Südvorstadt-West Südvorstadt-Ost Tolkewitz/Seidnitz-Nord Trachau Weixdorf Weißig Wilsdruffer Vorstadt/Seevorstadt-WestLocation of the statistical district Südvorstadt in Dresden
About this picture
Coordinates 51 ° 1 '55 "  N , 13 ° 43' 33"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 1 '55 "  N , 13 ° 43' 33"  E.
height 120- 145  m above sea level. NN
surface 3.35 km²
Residents 19,982 (Dec. 31, 2013)
Population density 5965 inhabitants / km²
Postcodes 01069, 01187
prefix 0351
Website www.dresden.de
Borough Plauen
Transport links
Federal road B170
Train S1, S2, S3
tram 3, 8, 11
bus 61, 66, 333, 352, 360
Division of the Südvorstadt district into two statistical districts
The Südvorstadt from a bird's eye view

The Südvorstadt is a district of the Saxon state capital Dresden and the seat of most of the campus of the Technical University (TU) and the University of Technology and Economics (HTW). In addition to Wilhelminian-style buildings, there is typical architecture from the 1960s.

Location and structure

The district is located in the Plauen district , but historically it is more likely to be attributed to Dresden's old town (the southern suburb is part of the Old Town II district ), as, unlike the other districts in this district, it did not emerge from a previously existing village center. The Dresdner Südvorstadt is one of the Dresden suburbs . The district is divided into the two areas Südvorstadt-West and Südvorstadt-Ost.

The Südvorstadt borders on the districts of Räcknitz , Zschertnitz , Strehlen , Seevorstadt , Wilsdruffer Vorstadt , Friedrichstadt , Löbtau and Plauen .

The Dresden-Südvorstadt motorway junction of the A 17, opened in 2004, is not located on or in the district of the same name. The reason for the naming is probably that the federal highway 170 , which is connected to this junction, leads to the southern suburb. The distance to the district is approx. 3 km.

history

1315 to 1800

Two villages

The southern suburb was first mentioned in a document as Boscou (Old Sorbian: Bozek village) in 1315. The Sorbian settlement developed into a village that was located north of today's Beutler Park, but was described as desolate in 1449 . In the area near today's Münchner Straße there was also a Sorbian settlement, which was called Uzmik (Old Sorbian: usmyk = valley access) and was mentioned in 1350. Later on there was the Vorwerk Auswik , which was owned by the Dresden Council. In 1455 the city of Dresden bought the Vorwerk and divided the lands to city citizens so that this settlement was lost.

Industrial area: mills and the castle in the field

The Feldschlößchen parent company from 1838 on Budapester Strasse

In the far west of the southern suburb there was an industrial area below the Hahneberg hill, which has now been removed . Here in 1491 two new bells were cast by the bell caster Heinrich Kannengießer (for those destroyed in a fire in the Kreuzkirche ). The Weißeritzmühlgraben was used as a power source for mills. There was a paper mill here, which was the only one in the surrounding area to have the privilege of producing paper and which existed until it was destroyed by Prussian soldiers during the Seven Years' War in 1759. A new paper mill was built in 1784. The Kunadmühle ("Lorentz Kundt Müll", "Cunradin Mühl"), named after the owner family who ran it around 1500, was also important. In 1569, Elector August bought the grain mill, which also included an oil mill and a board cutting mill . Traugott Bienert was the owner three centuries later . It lasted until 1894 when it had to give way to the railroad. Another important mill was the "old windtmül ufm Hayneberg", which was shipped to Torgau in 1571 .

At the foot of the Hahneberg there was a single farm. Here, Elector Johann Georg I allowed beer and wine to be served to strangers in 1644. In 1684, the Honorable Secret War Councilor Dietrich von Bosse bought the farm and received it from his Prince Johann Georg III. a letter of privilege and built the Feldschlößchen . Around 1730 a well-known excursion and entertainment venue with a dance hall, bowling alley and summer garden was established. The Feldschlößchen parent company, which was built in the 1830s, stands on the site today.

Infrastructure

The Südvorstadt had two of the oldest driveways in the south of Dresden, the Kälberweg and the Zellescher Weg . The latter is still an important road connection today and was named after the Altzella monastery near Nossen . Until the Reformation it was used for trips between the monastery and the Leubnitzer Gut (Klosterhof Leubnitz ).

1800 to 1945

First urban development

Due to the loess clay blanket that was blown and washed up in the south of Dresden during the last Ice Age , the area was used for agriculture for a long time because of its fertility. Although the Südvorstadt had already been incorporated into the municipality in 1835, urban development only slowly took hold after 1850.

Street names
around 1900 today
Bendemannstrasse Ruge street
Blindenstrasse Wieland street
Bismarckstrasse Bavarian Street
Bismarckplatz Friedrich List Square
Chemnitzer Strasse Budapester Strasse
Border road Bamberger Strasse
Reichsstrasse Fritz-Löffler-Strasse
Reichsplatz Fritz Löffler Square
Sedanplatz Fritz-Foerster-Platz
Sedanstrasse Hochschulstrasse
Werderstrasse Andreas-Schubert- Strasse
Zellesche Strasse Altenzeller Strasse

In the 1840s, the railway was greatly expanded, so the Bohemian Railway Station was created, the forerunner of today's Central Station .

The main street of the Südvorstadt, which leads south from the main train station, was built in 1868 and was named Reichsstraße in 1871 (today: Fritz-Löffler-Straße ). In 1892, when the Bohemian Railway Station was converted into the main train station, the road was connected to Prager Straße through renovation work.

Between 1883 and 1896 a horse-drawn tram line led to Reichenbachstrasse . After that, the tram was switched to electrical operation.

On the south side of the main train station, on Bayrischer Platz (today Friedrich-List-Platz ), the Marie-Gey-Brunnen , which is still there today, was built . The doctor Dr. Heinze had donated the fountain in memory of his wife, an art student who died early; the academy professor Georg Wrba built the fountain in 1911.

Swiss quarter

Möckel statue at Villa Möckel

On today's Budapester Straße , near the Feldschlößchen , an asylum for the blind was built in 1836 (property no. 24) and in 1837 an asylum for the deaf and dumb next to it (this was expanded to a school for the deaf in 1879). Both buildings were destroyed in the attacks on Dresden in 1945.

On the street that was laid out in 1856 - near the former asylum for the blind - was the very popular restaurant "Schweizerei", which later became the "Schweizerhäuschen". It was located on Schweizer Straße 1, which was later named in honor of the inn. In the vicinity of Schweizer Straße, between the main train station and Nürnberger Straße , the affluent Swiss quarter was built with many individual villas. In the years 1877/78 Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel built the neo-Gothic villa, now known as Villa Möckel , at Leubnitzer Straße 28. The Villa Haniel (Leubnitzer Straße 7) designed by E. Hanefeldt and built in 1868 is also on the same street , and that by M Gutmann built in 1880 and expanded with an annex by Wilhelm Kreis , the town villa of the Odol manufacturer Karl August Lingner , Leubnitzer Strasse 30. The Villa Rübsamen , built in 1875 and expanded in 1880, is one of the most important villas in the Swiss quarter .

Victor Klemperer (Hohe Straße 8) lived in the elegant Swiss quarter between 1928 and 1934 , and there were also a number of daughter boarding schools (for example at Kaitzer Straße 22) and private clinics.

American quarter

Between Winckelmannstrasse and Franklinstrasse as well as Strehlener and Reichenbachstrasse, a right-angled street network with a dense and homogeneous residential area was built after 1870. This was called the American Quarter, also based on the American Church on Bergstrasse.

A very mixed class lived in this quarter: painters, civil servants, employees of the technical college, but also students and craftsmen. There was a cigarette factory on Gutzkowstraße, which was named after the writer Karl Gutzkow , who among other things worked as a dramaturge in Dresden and lived here from 1847 to 1861. There were many studios in Ostbahnstrasse, which was completely destroyed in 1945 and can no longer be seen in the course of the road today (directly along the southern embankment of the Děčín – Dresden-Neustadt railway line ). Here worked among others Hans and Lea Grundig and Otto Griebel .

Beutler Park

In 1866, in the course of the occupation of Dresden during the Austro-Prussian War, a hill belt was created, including a ski jump on Bornberg . There, the city opened the Schanzenpark as a people's park in 1913 . In addition to a large rose garden, there was a playground and a pump room for the famous Pfunds dairy . Two and a half months after the death of the former Lord Mayor of Dresden Otto Beutler (1853–1926), the Schanzenpark was renamed Beutlerpark in his honor .

Diplomatic Quarter

The HTW , on the site of the former diplomatic quarter (2005)

Several hotels and pensions were built near the main train station; Due to the large number of travelers, the area south of the train station was therefore given the name "diplomatic quarter". While the pensions in the American Quarter were rather modest (for example the Hotel Alt Wien), there were various first-rate hotels in the Swiss Quarter, for example the Bristol, Carlton, Grand Union and Westminster Hotel or the Savoy Albertshof. A super hotel on Bismarckplatz planned by the city planning officer and architect Hans Poelzig around 1920 was not realized due to the global economic crisis.

Bavarian quarter

Beyer building of the TU Dresden with observatory, designed by Martin Dülfer

An old road that led to Dippoldiswalde and was therefore called Dippoldiswalder Strasse was expanded in 1841. This street was named Bergstrasse in 1855 (in the area of ​​the Südvorstadt). At today's Fritz-Foerster-Platz there was a collector's house (a road customs station). In the immediate vicinity, the "Bergkeller" was built in 1848, a popular inn with a dance hall.

For a long time the area remained largely undeveloped and was used as a green recreational center, especially by the residents of the Swiss Quarter. In 1899 - after a long discussion and at the instigation of the Dresden construction company - the development plan "Altstadt-Südwest" was approved for the approximately 30 m wide Nürnberger Straße and the 40 m wide Münchner Straße . Here, around Nürnberger Platz , Münchner Platz and the Nürnberger Ei, the Bavarian Quarter developed, a residential area especially for the upper class. The sophisticated upper-class residential buildings show the last elements of historicism , floral Art Nouveau and linear-geometric Art Nouveau. There were also numerous shops, cafes and restaurants. Münchner Strasse also received a tram route, and later Nürnberger Strasse.

The upper middle class, business owners, professors from the technical university, diplomats and entrepreneurs lived in the Bavarian quarter. The artist Otto Dix ("Otto-Dix-Haus", Bayreuther Straße 32) lived here just like the art historian Fritz Löffler (Liebigstraße 29).

After 1900 the technical university was expanded mainly in the area of ​​the southern suburbs; this new building site now forms the center of the campus of the Technical University of Dresden . One of the most important buildings on the campus is the Beyer building , which houses an observatory .

Initially a church was planned at Münchner Platz, instead a new building for the Royal Saxon District Court with prison, which had previously been located in the Pirnaische Vorstadt since 1879 and was a torture site and central place of execution during the Nazi era , was built there from 1902 to 1907 . The building complex was assigned to the Technical University for use after 1945, has been called the Schumann Building since then and houses the Münchner Platz Dresden Memorial . The Zionskirche , founded in 1896, was finally built in 1908 800 m northwest on Nürnberger Straße.

Especially after 1920 the housing estate expanded between Nürnberger and Münchner Straße, in the direction of Räcknitz with single houses and gardens, in the direction of Plauen with row houses along Nöthnitzer Straße.

Churches and cemeteries in the south suburb

Russian Orthodox Church Dresden
Lukas Church

Russian Orthodox and American Churches

Between 1872 and 1874, the Russian Orthodox Church of Saint Simeon von Wunderbar was built on today's Fritz-Löffler-Straße von Weißbach . The church is still part of the Moscow Patriarchate. The American Church on Bergstrasse, built in 1884, and the English Church on Wiener Strasse, built a short time later , which were also built around the main train station, were destroyed in the bombing raids in 1945 and were never rebuilt.

Lukas Church

Georg Weidenbach built the Lukas Church on Lukasplatz between 1898 and 1908 in a mixture of neo-Renaissance and Art Nouveau styles. The church, which had around 28,000 parishioners until it was destroyed in 1945, was then partially reconstructed.

Zion Church

The Zionskirche , donated by Johann Hampel and built by Schilling & Graebner , was consecrated in 1912. During the attacks on Dresden in 1945, the church was destroyed except for the perimeter walls. Today the building is in ruins, which houses a lapidarium with exhibits from Dresden's history. Today's New Zion Church , a gift from the Swedish Church, was built in 1982.

St. Paul

The Catholic Church of St. Paul is located on Bernhardstraße on the border with Plauen. It is the only Catholic church in the south of Dresden and is shared by the Catholic student community.

Old Annenfriedhof

The old Annenfriedhof was laid out in 1848 on today's Chemnitzer Straße . In the Wilsdruffer suburb next to the Anne Church located old parish cemetery was significantly reduced with the increase of the Church 1712-1718, the new Anne Cemetery on Sternplatz existed until 1914. On old Anne cemetery at the Chemnitzer road was located by artist Robert Henze created larger than life in 1869 Bronze sculpture of the Electress Anna, who stood at the monument fountain in front of the Annenkirche until 1945 and was relocated in front of this church in May 2011.

Several important Dresden personalities rest in the cemetery, for example the painter Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld (1794–1872) with his son, the tenor Ludwig , the history painter Hermann Plüddemann , the actors Emil Devrient (1803–1872) and Bogumil Dawison (1818 –1872), the Lord Mayor of Dresden Alfred Stübel (1827–1895), the geologist Bruno Geinitz (1814–1900), one of the builders of the famous Göltzschtalbrücke , Robert Wilke (1804–1889).

1945 until today

Change: high-rise buildings on Hochschulstraße , including the guest house of the Dresden Student Union on Fritz-Foerster-Platz, February 2007

During the air raids on Dresden in February 1945, parts of the Südvorstadt were damaged or completely destroyed.

The attacks particularly hit the area between the main train station, Reichenbachstrasse and Nürnberger Strasse. Almost nothing was left of the closed American Quarter. After the rubble had been cleared, a wide empty area stretched south of the main train station. Later buildings of the traffic college as well as administrative buildings and apartment blocks were erected in loose development. The engineering school for traffic engineering was built on Strehlener Platz and the Interhotel Astoria was built on the site of the city youth hostel on Strehlener Platz, which burned out in February 1945. It was the first Dresden hotel to be built after the war and was demolished in the 1990s. In the 1950s, a student dormitory was built on Gutzkowstrasse ; this is where the “Gutzkow Club”, Dresden's oldest student club, is located. Between 1974 and 1976 the Lindenauplatz was built over with houses on Uhlandstrasse, and a housing estate was built near the Lukaskirche between 2001 and 2004, the Lukas area designed by the architects Thomas Müller and Ivan Reimann.

The Swiss quarter was hardly damaged during the attacks. Of the hotels in the former diplomatic quarter, only the Hotel Kipping in Villa Winckelmannstrasse 6 remains today. The building complex of the Grand-Union-Hotel (Bismarckstrasse 2-6), which was also known as the “Gatehouse to the Südvorstadt” and has been since 1923 Saxon works, the Saxon electricity supplier ( ASW ), had been destroyed. The CITY-CENTER was built here in 1996, and ENSO Energie Sachsen Ost  AG is also located here.

In the Bavarian Quarter, located south of Nürnberger Straße, there was only some major damage in places along Münchner and Nürnberger Straße. In 1953, large-scale housing construction began in the destroyed area of ​​the southern suburb, mostly in traditional brick construction. At the Nürnberger Strasse (architect Albert Patitz ) and at the Nürnberger Ei , mainly workers from the bismuth mining industry moved in . The bookstore Technische Universität (BTU) opened its doors in 1968 on Nürnberger Platz. Numerous buildings of the TU Dresden were newly erected, such as the Gerhart-Potthoff-Bau ( Faculty of Transport Sciences “Friedrich List” ) or the lecture hall center .

Buildings

Lecture hall center
TU bookstore, behind it town houses
Münchner Platz memorial in Dresden
Barkhausen building

The Südvorstadt is home to a large number of historic buildings and building complexes that characterize the district, as well as an infrastructure that characterizes the district. These include:

Südvorstadt-West

Südvorstadt-Ost

All cultural monuments of the Südvorstadt are included in the list of cultural monuments in the Südvorstadt (Dresden) .

literature

  • Annette Dubbers: The Südvorstadt - From the history of a Dresden district. ISBN 3-937199-32-2 .

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Welcome to the “Einsteinstrasse” guest house. TU Dresden, accessed on December 9, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Further information on the International Guest House of the Dresden Student Union. Retrieved December 9, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Südvorstadt (Dresden)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files