Klotzsche

This article deals with the Dresden district of Klotzsche. For the eponymous district of Dresden see Klotzsche (city district) .

Klotzsche Klotzsche and airport / industrial area Klotzsche district and statistical districts No. 31 and 33 of Dresden
.
Coordinates	51 ° 6 '58 "  N , 13 ° 46' 50"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 6 '58 "  N , 13 ° 46' 50"  E
height	190– 220  m above sea level NN
surface	8.56 km²
Residents	14,468 (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density	1690 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation	Jul 1, 1950
Post Code	01109
prefix	0351
Website	www.dresden.de
Borough	Klotzsche
Transport links
Highway
Federal road
Train	S2
tram	7th
bus	70, 72, 77, 80, 308 and 321

Klotzsche [ˈklɔt͡ʃə] is a district of Dresden in the city district of the same name and is located about seven kilometers north of the city center on the edge of the Dresdner Heide at an altitude of 198  m above sea level. NHN . The village, founded by Slavic settlers and first mentioned in 1309, was elevated to a town in 1935 and incorporated into Dresden on July 1, 1950.

Dresden Airport is located in Klotzsche and has a connection to the A 4 and A 13 motorways . The largest industrial settlements are the semiconductor plants of Infineon , ZMD and the Elbe Flugzeugwerke of the Airbus Group at the airport. The spacious facility of the Academy of the German Social Accident Insurance is the largest school facility in Dresden-Klotzsche. The neighboring garden city of Hellerau as well as the adjoining landscape protection areas Dresdner Heide with Silbersee and Prießnitzgrund , the Friedewald and Moritzburg pond area and the Moritzburg small peaks landscape are worth mentioning for tourists .

history

year	Residents
1445	about 130
1547	28 obsessed man
1764	26 possessed men, 4 gardeners , 31 cottagers
1834	406
1871	792
1890	2523
1910	5171
1925	6379
1939	12,275
1946	9848

Division of the Klotzsche district into two statistical districts

Altklotzsche, in the background the tower of the old church

View from the street "Altklotzsche" to the water tower of Klotzsche

Early history up to the 16th century

According to archaeological finds, the corridors around Klotzsche were already settled in the Stone Age. A Bronze Age settlement could also be proven. Klotzsche was founded as a Slavic Rundling in the area of ​​today's Boltenhagener Straße - Altklotzsche near Schmiedeschänke. On October 9, 1309, the place was first mentioned as "villa kloiczowe" . The name is derived from the Slavic Kloiczowe , which means “clearing”. From 1445 the village belonged to the Dresden office . Klotzsche was economically a farming village. Some residents also made a living from beekeeping and bird felling . In addition, the residents often had to do labor, often in connection with electoral hunts in the nearby Heidewald. From a church perspective, Klotzsche was under the Dresden Frauenkirche until its own church was built in 1321 . A chapel with a cemetery presumably existed before that, the remains of which were uncovered in 1820 during construction work on the Altklotzsche site No. 89. Klotzsche was badly affected in the Hussite Wars and was looted in 1428. In 1502 the hereditary court was created in the village center, which in GDR times served as the “Friedrich Wolf” clubhouse, and most recently as the “Casino Klotzsche” until it was demolished.

17th and 18th centuries

Klotzsche was also badly affected in the Thirty Years' War . In 1637, Swedish soldiers looted the village and burned down the tavern. Elector Johann Georg I even had to pledge the site to finance the reconstruction in order to repair the immense damage. In addition, bad harvests, wars and fires ravaged the village several times: In 1637, 1729 and 1746 fires destroyed large parts of the village.

19th century

On October 30, 1802, a major fire destroyed almost the entire place including the village church. In the course of the subsequent reconstruction, the historic town center was essentially given its current appearance. The rest area at Schänkhübel, located away from the village on the road to Königsbrück , was replaced by a permanent new building in 1835.

As a result of the Dresden - Görlitz (- Breslau) railway via Klotzscher Flur built by the Saxon-Silesian Railway Company from 1845 to 1847 , the number of residents increased significantly. In the second half of the 19th century, Klotzsche developed into a spa and villa resort. A major contribution was made by Friedrich August Quosdorf , who acquired some land near the railway station that had just opened and resold them for development with villas. Since the areas had previously been in royal possession and the existing forest was also included in the design, this new district was given the name Königswald . In 1884 he had a "Sommerfrische Quosdorf" called Kurhaus built with a ballroom. This became the starting point for the spa operation and later served as the "Hotel zum Bahnhof". In front of the building, which is now used as a residential complex, a memorial stone has been commemorating the founder of the district since 1896.

At the end of the 19th century, more and more people from the royal seat of Dresden moved there, so that in 1890, with this new district and the districts around the restaurants "Alberthöhe" and "Schänkhübel", there were already over 2,500 inhabitants. A community-owned water, gas and electricity works, a post office, several schools and the town hall on Kieler Straße were built. Its own newspaper, the "Dresdner Haide-Zeitung" , was published from 1894 onwards.

20th century (until 1945)

After the turn of the century, further districts around Alberthöhe and Schänkhübel as well as small settlements such as "Am Trobischberg" and "Am Steinacker" arose between the old village and Klotzsche-Königswald; on October 12, 1901 there were 4,385 inhabitants. In 1902 the König-Friedrich-August-Waldbad opened its doors, in 1903 it was expanded and rebuilt again. From 1905 to 1907 the second Klotzsch church planned by Woldemar Kandler was built, which was named Christ Church in 1925 . In 1927, the Saxon State School on Tümmelsberg , which had previously been housed in the former cadet institute in Albertstadt , was given a new building. It was designed by architects Oskar Kramer and Heinrich Tessenow designed and made by the 1935 National Socialists to Napola converted.

In 1934, construction of the new Dresden airport began on Klotzscher and Rähnitzer Flur . The inauguration took place on July 11, 1935. During this time, the Klotzsche water tower , which still defines the townscape today (inauguration on July 20, 1935), the air intelligence barracks on Moritzburger Weg and from 1935 to 1937 the air war school (officers' school of the air force) were built. Klotzsche became a garrison town on November 1, 1935 and received town charter on November 18, 1935 when it had 10,000 inhabitants. The census on May 17, 1939 showed 10,068 inhabitants, of which 5,136 men and 4,932 women. Planned major projects such as the construction of a parade ground with a stadium and a city hall remained unrealized due to the Second World War.

20th century (from 1945)

Entrance to the aircraft yard (1990)

On the last day of the war in 1945, bombs fell on Klotzsche, killing 16 residents. Under the direction of the Soviet occupying power, which occupied a large part of the existing barracks buildings, the place was raised to the rank of a Rajon town . In 1947 the Klotzsche Rheumatism Institute was established . As the only city so far, Klotzsche was incorporated into Dresden on July 1, 1950.

In the 1950s, the new district gained importance as a location for numerous industrial companies. In 1955, construction work on VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden ( Elbe Flugzeugwerke ) began on the site of the former air war school . These should become the starting point for civil aircraft construction in the GDR. The first and only GDR airliner 152 was built here in 1959 . After a prototype crashed on March 4, 1959, aircraft construction had to be stopped in 1961 on the instructions of the GDR leadership. Subsequently, new companies settled on the site. From 1963 to 1992 the area of ​​the commercial airport and the aircraft yard was the stationing location for the NVA transport squadron 24 .

Between 1973 and 1975, new prefabricated apartment blocks were built on Dörnichtweg and Karl-Marx-Straße. In 1986/87 the new building area on Grenzstraße followed, in 1989/90 the new building area between Selliner and Alexander-Herzen-Straße. After reunification in 1990, other smaller residential areas and numerous individual buildings were built. In 2001 the new terminal of the airport was opened. Through the settlement of several technology companies, u. a. from the semiconductor industry, the district developed into an important business location for the state capital.

nature

Klotzsche is outside the Elbe valley , about 100 m higher on the western edge of the so-called Westlausitzer Platte . In the east and south the place borders on the Dresdner Heide . In the north and west it is surrounded by the field marrow of the Moritzburger Gefild ( Moritzburger Kleinkuppenlandschaft ). The Prießnitz , a small river, flows by in the Dresdner Heide nearby . In addition, there are a few smaller brooks in the local area (Bahnteichgraben, Flössertgraben, Klotzscher Dorfbach, Klotzscher Wasserwerkabzugsgraben, Ruhlandgraben, Ruschewiesen drainage ditch, Trobischgraben and Ziegeleiteichgraben), ponds (Bahnteich, Brueghel-Teich, Flössertteich, Flössertteich, Hellerruhlendeich, Quarter pond) / Source areas (Dornbuschgraben source, Ilschengraben source, Klotzscher Steinborn, Seifenbach source).

Industry

In the district Klotzsche some of the largest employers in the Greater Dresden resident. These are Globalfoundries in the neighboring district of Wilschdorf and Infineon , and until 2009 also Qimonda . Numerous suppliers to the semiconductor industry and independent semiconductor companies such as ZMD , the Advanced Mask Technology Center or Plastic Logic have settled in the vicinity of the airport, as well as other large semiconductor and microelectronics and research companies such as Texas Instruments and three of the Dresden Fraunhofer Institutes : the Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS), part of the Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS) and the Fraunhofer Center for Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT). The industrial area Klotzsche, to which the airport belongs, covers more than 55 percent of the municipal area with 4.87 km².

traffic

Airport

Road traffic

The most important traffic artery of the place is traditionally the connecting road to the east, known today as Königsbrücker Landstrasse, which was already part of an important trade route in the Middle Ages. In the 18th century it was expanded into Poststrasse and was part of the "Coronation Route" of August the Strong . From 1706 a “horse-riding mail” ran from Dresden via Königsbrück - Hoyerswerda - Sorau to Warsaw . At the end of the long ascent from the Elbe valley, a little outside of the Klotzsch village center, there was a horse changing and rest station at the Schänkhübel. The Königsbrücker Landstraße forms the extension of the Königsbrücker Straße out of town and leads in sections to the federal highway 97 .

Next to the airport is the Dresden-Nord motorway triangle , where the A 13 branches off from the A 4 and on which the famous car and motorcycle “ spider races ” were held in the 1950s and 60s . Klotzsche himself is connected to these motorways through the Dresden Airport junction.

railroad

From 1845 the newly opened Dresden – Görlitz railway ran via Klotzscher Flur. On September 1, 1875, the new Klotzscha stop (at that time this spelling was still used officially) was opened on September 1, 1875 , primarily to cater for the increasing number of excursion traffic. In 1884 a narrow-gauge railway was built to Königsbrück . In 1896/97 this was converted to the standard gauge.

The city center of the Saxon state capital Dresden can be reached with the S-Bahn line S2 from the three S-Bahn stations Dresden Airport , Dresden Grenzstraße and Dresden-Klotzsche . Regional express trains (lines TLX 1 and TLX 2), regional trains (lines TL 60 and TL 61) and the Sachsen urban railway (lines SB 33 and SB 34) also run from the latter to Dresden Hauptbahnhof , Dresden-Neustadt , Königsbrück , Kamenz , Bautzen , Görlitz , Zittau and Liberec .

Transportation

When connecting to Dresden wrong 1903-1904 with the Dresden heath train one of the first O-bus -lines in the world. In 1911, when the tram line, which had previously ended at the Arsenal, was extended to the Schänkhübel inn by Dresdner Überland-Verkehr GmbH , Klotzsche received a tram connection. The opening run took place on January 21, 1911. In the same year, the tram station, which was closed in 1990, was built. From 1925 to 1928 the tram was extended to the Deutsche Eiche restaurant and then to Lausa - Weixdorf .

Furthermore, numerous bus routes run through Klotzsche. With the 2010 bus network of the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe (DVB), which was introduced on November 28, 2009 and revised again in November 2011, there is a direct connection from Klotzsche to Trachenberge . Line 70 has since connected Klotzsche with Hellerau , Trachenberge, the ElbePark and Gompitz . Line 72 is a combination of the previous lines 80, 91, 97 and 425. It now runs from Infineon via Karl-Marx-Straße, Boxdorf , Radebeul , Serkowitz and Altkaditz to ElbePark. Line 77 runs between the airport and Infineon, which also connects it to the tram network. Bus line 80 runs from Dresden-Klotzsche train station via Selliner Strasse and Grenzstrasse to the airport and then via Globalfoundries towards Omsewitz . In addition to the aforementioned DVB lines, there are also RVD regional bus routes 308 and 321, which take you to Radeburg , Radeberg , Langebrück and Marsdorf .

education

• 50th elementary school " Gertrud Caspari "
• 82nd elementary school "Am Königswald"
• 82nd High School "At the Airport"
• Klotzsche high school
• Nature and Environment School Dresden ( Jenaplan School )
• Klotzsche Municipal Library
• DGUV Academy Dresden (until the end of 2009: BG Academy for Occupational Safety and Health)
• Institute of the Senckenberg Society for Natural History in Dresden-Klotzsche
• State Office for Archeology of Saxony

Personalities

• Gertrud Caspari (1873–1948), children's book illustrator (former residential building in Königsbrücker Landstr. 3)
• Georg Estler (1860–1954), painter (former residential building Carolastr. (Now Georg-Estler-Str.) 3)
• Conrad Felixmüller (1897–1977), painter (former apartment at Gartenstrasse 10 / Königsbrücker Landstrasse 61)
• Julius von Finck , doctor, founder of the Institute for Vertebral Tuberculosis (Goethestr. 17/18)
• Karl Gjellerup (1857–1919), Danish writer, Nobel Prize for Literature (formerly home at Goethestr. 11)
• Carl Hauer (1847–1905), plasterer, creator of the altar of the Christ Church (former residential building Carolastr. (Now Georg-Estler-Str.) 8)
• Richard Hofmann (1906–1983), football player, worked in the 1930s as a chauffeur for the DSC President in Klotzsche (Königsbrücker Landstrasse 50)
• Max Hünig (1851–1935), local politician (SPD / KPD), founder of the children's recreation center at the Upper Forest Pond Boxdorf
• Woldemar Kandler (1866–1929), architect (former residential building Goethestr. 3)
• Hulda von Levetzow (1863-1947), author
• Albert Meyer (1857–1924), photographer and entrepreneur
• Rudolf Nehmer (1912–1983), painter and graphic artist (former home in Klotzsche)
• Friedrich Alfred Oehme (1881–1935), painter (former residential building at Greifswalder Str. 10)
• Friedrich August Quosdorf (1840–1889), district sergeant, founder of the Königswald district
• Johannes Schilling (1828–1910), sculptor (former residential building Goethestr. 9)
• Herbert Wendler (1912–1998), entrepreneur, inventor of the chocolate dominoes (company headquarters Max-Hünig-Str. 13)

See also

• List of cultural monuments in Klotzsche

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Klotzsche picture gallery
2. ^ Address book for Dresden and its suburbs, 1904, part VI, page 121
3. ↑ Klotzsche Air War School (contemporary document)
4. ^ The population of the Reich after the 1939 census, No. 2; Berlin 1941.

literature

• Siegfried Bannack: Klotzsche: from the history of a Dresden district . Dubbers, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-937199-39-9 .
• Siegfried Bannack: Chronicle of Klotzsche . Self-published, 2001.
• Siegfried Bannack, CeWe Color: Klotzsche then and now . Photo book, 2009.
• Siegfried Bannack: Klotzscher historical news and Klotzscher Heimatpost . Issues 2006–2010.
• Klotzsche - village, health resort, town, district . In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch . Volume 5, 1999, ISBN 3-9806602-1-4 , p. 107ff.
• Div .: Klotzscher picture calendar .
• The Klotzscher Heideblatt , independent local magazine, since 1990.

Web links

Commons : Klotzsche  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Klotzsche in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Literature about Klotzsche in the Saxon Bibliography
• Information about Klotzsche on dresdner-stadtteile.de
• dresden.de: Statistics (PDF; 346 kB)