Roßthal (Dresden)

Roßthal District of the state capital Dresden Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 58 "  N , 13 ° 40 ′ 34"  E
Height :	200–270 m above sea level NN
Incorporation :	January 1, 1923
Incorporated into:	Dolzschen
Postcodes :	01169, 01187
Area code :	0351
Location of the Roßthal district in Dresden

Roßthal is a district in the southwest of the Saxon capital Dresden . It is located on the outskirts in the district of the same name , which belongs to the Cotta district.

geography

Roßthal is located 5 km southwest of Dresden city center, the inner old town , at the transition from the Elbe valley to the Meißner highlands or to the elevations on the edge of the Döhlen basin . It lies on the flat valley of the Roßthaler Bach, which starts here and flows east through Naußlitz and Löbtau to the Weißeritz . Overall, the terrain rises steadily towards the southwest towards the Jochhöh.

Neighboring districts are the other Dresden districts Gorbitz in the north, Wölfnitz in the northeast, Naußlitz in the east and Dölzschen in the south. In the west, the town of Pesterwitz, which belongs to Freital , borders along Dresden's outer city limits . The Roßthal district belongs to the statistical district of Naußlitz .

The center of the village on the Altroßthal road , which runs on both sides of the Roßthaler Bach and where only a large farmhouse has been preserved, is 210  m above sea level. NN . A little higher and further north is Roßthal Castle . Large parts, especially in the south of Roßthal, are undeveloped. To the north of Altroßthal is - partly on Roßthaler, partly on Gorbitzer Flur - the Neunimptsch settlement .

The most important street in the Roßthal district is Saalhausener Straße , which leads from Pesterwitz to Löbtau. The Kaufbacher Strasse , the Neunimptscher Strasse , the Altroßthal Strasse and the Jochhöh Strasse branch off from here. The A17 also runs over the Roßthaler Flur ; The western entrance of the Dölzschen tunnel is only 500 m south of the town center .

The only public transport that drives the district is the bus line 90 of the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe , which connects Roßthal with Löbtau and Altfranken .

history

Roßthal Castle

The place name Roßthal is, similar to the case of the nearby Gittersee district , despite its sound probably not of Germanic origin. However , there are different approaches to the exact derivation from the Slavic languages . The name is probably derived from roszdel , an Old Sorbian word for division , fork , which could refer to the local conditions of a valley that splits apart . But it is also possible that it goes back to Rostyl , the personal name of a Slavic locator ; Many other districts of Dresden have also been named after colonist leaders. A reference to Saint Rosalia can be largely ruled out , although it was suspected as early as 1862 and was partly taken up again in the early 20th century . The translations as Rosali Valley or Horse Valley are folk etymologies .

Roßthal is mentioned for the first time in a document dated December 1, 1319 as Rostyl . The place name developed over a number of stations. In the 14th and 15th centuries the village is named one after the other as Rostel , Rostil , Rustil and Rostal . If the place still appears as Roßlenn in 1570 , two decades later it is called Röstel or is interpreted on a map as Rosenthal . In 1618 it was even called Fröstel , and in 1629 Rößel . It was not until 1675 that Roßthall appeared for the first time in its present form.

The village of Roßthal was created as a square village and was equipped with a block and striped corridor. It was and is parish in the neighboring church village of Pesterwitz; the main occupation of its inhabitants was agriculture . Initially Roßthal was owned by the cathedral chapter of Meissen , which was confirmed in a document dated February 16, 1350 by the then king and later emperor Karl IV . In another document dated November 1, 1364, Margrave Friedrich der Strenge exempted a Meißner canon from all taxes that he had to pay for his property in Roßthal. During the Hussite Wars Roßthal was badly affected. Around 1468 it belonged to a master Hartungk. On October 20, 1500, Siamese twins were born in Roßthal , who died only a few days later. Two old oven plates from Roßthal have been preserved from around 1560. In 1621 a tube trip was moved from the Roßthaler springs , for example the Rosalienquelle , to the Dresden Residenzschloss , which obtained its drinking water in this way until 1848 .

Even after the Reformation in the Electorate of Saxony , Roßthal remained in the possession of the respective, now Protestant cathedral provost of Meißen , but had to be handed over as a fief by him to the electoral valet Johann Ullmann in 1628 , in which context it was also made a manor by Johann Georg I. was raised and released from all compulsory service . After the death of the family Ullmann got from Krahe by Johann Georg II. The basic rule transmitted. In 1657 Alexander von Krahe had the Roßthal Castle built as the manor of the manor.

Between 1736 and 1819 the Roßthal estate belonged to the noble Silesian family von Nimptsch . Carl Siegmund von Nimptsch , director of the Meissen Porcelain Manufactory from 1763 , had the palace expanded around 1742, for example by raising the tower and redesigning the Roßthaler palace gardens in line with contemporary tastes. Parts of it were destroyed as early as 1758 during the Seven Years' War by Austrian troops in connection with the attempt to take Dresden after the Battle of Hochkirch, which they found positive . A hermitage and a sandstone gate have been preserved. Carl Siegmund's son, Günter Karl Albrecht von Nimptsch , had the threshing houses built in the north of the Roßthaler Flur away from the village center around 1785, which belonged to the forerunners of the Neunimptsch settlement and were supposed to ensure that there were enough workers for the estate in the area. During the Battle of Dresden in 1813, Roßthal was the scene of several skirmishes, but escaped destruction. After 1816, the guild fund had been introduced and the communities thus did not have to fully pay for disabled miners, also allowed miners from the nearby mining area in Döhlen Basin settle.

Roßthal and neighboring villages on a map from 1821

After 1819 there were more frequent changes of ownership. Initially the manor belonged to a Frau von Dallwitz , and from 1823 it belonged to the merchant Johann Heinrich Mertz. At that time it covered an area of ​​224 hectares and remained independent and without a municipal council even after the introduction of the new rural community order in 1838 . After the suicide of its owner in 1841, it was auctioned off and acquired in December 1842 by Carl Hermann Freiherr von Watzdorf, the son of Karl von Watzdorf , for 52,200 thalers , who two years later had a farm building built next to the castle. From 1845 the manor belonged for two years to Karl Moritz von Wolffersdorf , the postmaster at the Dresden court; afterwards it was owned by the Uhlan lieutenant von Brachewitz in 1847 and from 1848 by Georg Moritz Hübel.

The owner from April 1, 1852 was Carl Friedrich August Dathe von Burgk , owner of the Freiherrlich von Burgker coal and iron works in Freital-Burgk ; The estate was subordinate to his family until it was expropriated in 1945. Under the direction of the Dresden master builder Karl Moritz Haenel , the castle was rebuilt in the neo-renaissance style in 1858/59 . Carl Friedrich August Maximilian Freiherr Dathe von Burgk , the grandson of Carl Friedrich August, preferred to live at Schönfeld Castle near Grossenhain after 1897 . In 1906 the estate, but not the manor house, was leased to Max Gneist until 1945; a brick factory is also set up.

On April 1, 1918, the communities of Roßthal and Neunimptsch merged to form the community of Roßthal, which was incorporated into Dölzschen with effect from January 1, 1923 and formed a joint school district with it. From January 1, 1933, a good year after his death, Oswine Marie Ella Adele von Hagen, daughter of Carl Friedrich August Maximilian, leased the castle to the Catholic Josephinenstift in Dresden, which the sisters of Jesus-Maria had been in charge of since 1923. On April 17, 1945, during the last of the great air raids on Dresden , Castle Roßthal narrowly escaped destruction.

After the end of World War II it was expropriated; the property served as a municipal property of the city of Dresden until 1949 to supply the Soviet Army and then as part of the VEG Gartenbau Pesterwitz as a state- owned agricultural area. In July 1949, the women's monastery was finally terminated because the castle was included in the land reform of the time as part of the manor . Subsequently it was used temporarily as the state administration of the people's own goods (VVG) ; some of its inventory fell victim to the destructiveness of communist cultural vandals . An agricultural science vocational school was later set up in the castle , which has existed here to the present day and has a branch in Sporbitz . The seat of the Scientific Center of the Department of Agriculture and Food Industry in the Dresden District Council was also located nearby before 1989. There was also a branch of the VEG Mast - Kombinat Dresden with an attached quarantine station . This contributed to the fact that Roßthal was able to maintain its village character to this day.

Population development

year Residents 1547 9 possessed man 1764 12 possessed men, 2 gardeners 1834 174 1871 209 1890 206 1910 259

See also

• List of cultural monuments in Roßthal (Dresden)
• List of streets and squares in Roßthal (Dresden)

literature

• Cornelius Gurlitt : Rossthal. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 24. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Altstadt (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, p. 114.
• Haenel et al. Adam; Cornelius Gurlitt: Schloss Roßthal , in: Sächsische Herrenssitz und Schlösser: depicted in views, floor plans, situation plans and an explanatory text , Dresden 1886, p. 23, SLUB digital .
• Address book for the following rural communities located on the Dresden-Altstädter and Dresden-Neustädter side of Altfranken, Boxdorf, Brabschütz, Briesnitz, Brockwitz with Clieben, Burgstädtel, Constappel, Cossebaude, Coswig, Dippelsdorf with Buchholz, Eisenberg with Moritzburg, Gauernitz, Gohlis (Upper, Lower -), Gompitz, Hartha, Kemnitz, Kötitz, Kötzschenbroda with Fürstenhain, Leuteritz, Leutewitz, Lindenau, Merbitz, Mobschatz, Naundorf, Naußlitz, Neucoswig, Neuimptsch, Niedergorbitz, Niederwartha, Obergorbitz, Oberwartha, Ockerwitz, Podrichemusewitz, Pennyewitz , Rähnitz, Reichenberg, Rennersdorf, Roßthal, Sörnewitz, Stetzsch, Wahnsdorf, Wildberg, Wilschdorf, Wölfnitz, Zitzschewig, Zöllmen , 1899, SLUB digital
• Address and business handbook for the following sixty rural communities on the Dresden-Altstädter side as Altfranken, Babisnau, Bannewitz, Boderitz, Brabschütz, Brießnitz, Burgstädtel, Coschütz, Cossebaude, Cunnersdorf, Döltzschen, Eutschütz, Gaustritz, Gohlis, Golberode, Gompeln, Gostritz, Großdobritz, Kaitz, Kauscha, Kemnitz, Kleinnaundorf, Kleinpestitz, Laubegast, Leiteritz, Leuben, Leubnitz, Leutewitz, Lockwitz, Merbitz, Mobschatz, Mockritz, Naußlitz, Neuimptsch, Neuostra, Nickern, Niedergorbitz, Oberedwartha, Nötberg, Ockerwitz, Omsewitz, Pennrich, Podemus, Prohlis, Räcknitz, Reick, Rennersdorf, Rippien, Roßthal, Seidnitz, Sobrigau, Stetzsch, Tolkewitz, Torna, Welschhufe, Wölfnitz, Zschertnitz , 1892/94, SLUB digital

Individual evidence

1. ↑ dresden-lexikon.de
2. ↑ dresden.de (PDF file; 362 kB)
3. ↑ dvbag.de (PDF)
4. ↑ digital.slub.de , album of the manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony (digital version)
5. ↑ bsz-agrar-dd.de Extract from an order chronicle
6. ↑ ^{a b} hov.isgv.de
7. ↑ dresden.de ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Web links

Commons : Roßthal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• District history
• Districts of Dölzschen and Roßthal
• Roßthal district
• Roßthal (Dresden) in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Pictures of Roßthal