Rockau (Dresden)

Rockau District of the state capital Dresden Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 35 ″  N , 13 ° 52 ′ 0 ″  E
Height :	200–280 m above sea level NN
Area :	2.98 km²
Incorporation :	January 1, 1994
Incorporated into:	Schönfeld-Weißig
Postal code :	01328
Area code :	0351
Location of the district of Helfenberg in Dresden, to which Rockau belongs

Rockau is a district in the east of the Saxon capital Dresden . It is located in the district of Helfenberg and belongs to the village of Schönfeld-Weißig .

geography

"Saxony's Hiefel" lookout point

Rockau is 9 km east of Dresden city center, the inner old town , on the southwestern edge of the Schönfeld highlands . The location at a height of about 260  m above sea level. NN clearly exceeds the valley floor of the Elbe, which is only 1 km away . The Dresden Elbe slopes , which form the steep drop into the Elbe valley , are only 500 m further south-west and delimit the district as well as the Helfenberger Grund to the north-west and the Keppgrund to the south-east. There is no such natural boundary to the northeast; rather, the agriculturally used plateau marks the transition to Helfenberg and Eichbusch . On this peninsular, protruding high plateau, Rockau is quite centrally located and near the entrance to a small side valley of the Helfenberger Grund . Just northwest of Rockau also takes Kucksche , one by the Preßgrund flowing stream, its beginning. From the lookout point on the Rockauer Höhe, known as Saxony's Hiefel , you can see over Dresden to the Eastern Ore Mountains .

Village center with the "singing linden tree"

Especially the south of the location with the old village center shows a village character, whereas the northern part has more of the features of a residential suburb, as it is built on with single or smaller multi-family houses. The village center on the street Am Dorfplatz has several preserved historic farmhouses. Neighboring districts are the Dresden districts Pappritz in the northwest, Gönnsdorf in the north, Cunnersdorf in the northeast, Schönfeld in the east and Malschendorf in the southeast. In the south and west, the districts of Hosterwitz and Niederpoyritz border, both of which, however, already belong to the Loschwitz district . Rockau belongs to the statistical district Gönnsdorf / Pappritz .

The most important street of Rockau, which is away from district and other thoroughfares, is the Rockauer Ring , which includes large parts of the place. The Mittelweg and the street Am Preßgrund branch off from it. In addition, two roads lead via Helfenberg to Cunnersdorf and via Eichbusch to Schönfeld; there is no direct drivable connection to the nearby Elbe valley. Other named streets exist in Helfenberg and Eichbusch (see there). The only public transport in Rockau is the bus route 98B operated by the transport service provider Müller Busreisen , which runs between Niederpoyritz and Borsberg .

history

Rockau with its neighboring villages
on a map from 1821

The Rundling Rockau, equipped with a block corridor, was first mentioned in 1350 as Rakowe . This place name is of Old Sorbian origin and refers to Rak , the name of the local locator , which is etymologically related to the Slavic word for crayfish . In 1378 the village is referred to as Ragkow and in 1420 as Rockaw . The place name then developed in the 16th century via Rocke and Rocka to the form Racka , which is guaranteed for 1580. The current spelling of the district appears for the first time in 1791.

The area was already settled in prehistoric times. This is evidenced by the remains of a weir in the far south of the corridor. In the Middle Ages, Slavic settlers founded the village of Rockau. When it was first mentioned in the middle of the 14th century, it was subordinate to Johannes de Ketschbrode , a landlord from today's Radebeul district of Kötzschenbroda . A few years later were burgraves of Dohna with Rockau invested . From 1477 it was then part of the sphere of influence of the Helfenberg manor , which from 1606 at the latest until the 19th century had an outbuilding in Rockau . The Hufen farmed from there belonged directly to Helfenberg, for which the Rockau residents had to do labor.

Their main source of income was initially only agriculture , later viticulture also became important. In order to maintain the vineyards belonging to the Helfenberg landlords along the slopes of the Elbe, several cottagers settled in Keppgrund ; In 1717 there were four properties there. At the end of the street An der Försterei on the western tip of the Rockauer Flur an old press house from 1673 has been preserved, which is in need of renovation. Around 1900 it served as a forester's house. The Lindenschänke , a historic excursion restaurant, has existed since 1836 .

Memorial to the fallen soldiers in World War I
( cultural monument )

Administratively, Rockau belonged initially to the castrum and later to the office or the administrative authority of Dresden . It lies and was in the parish and initially also in the school district of Schönfeld, the central location of the highlands. From 1908 Rockau had its own school for half a century until it was closed. After the manorial rights had expired, Rockau became an independent rural community , the total area of ​​which in 1900, together with the then independent towns of Eichbusch and Helfenberg, totaled 305 hectares.

In 1904 and 1905 Otto Mueller , an expressionist and later member of the artist group Die Brücke , lived in Rockau for several months. His former home is at An der Kucksche 14 ; A bronze plaque commemorates him on site today. A memorial created by Edmund Schuchardt is dedicated to the inhabitants of Rockau who died in the First World War . Until the 20th century, the Rockau linden tree, planted in 1488 according to an old legend, stood at the site of the monument as a former landmark of the place.

After Dresden had expanded almost to the boundary of Rockau through the incorporation of Wachwitz in 1930, new housing developments were also built in Rockau. As a result of the land reform carried out after the Second World War , in the course of which the local large estates were distributed among others to several new farmers , several new single-roof farms were added for them. After 1945, Eichbusch and Helfenberg were also incorporated as the manor had been expropriated. In the early 1990s, the Am Preßgrund housing estate was built on the edge of the village . On January 1, 1994, Rockau merged with other communities in the surrounding area to form Schönfeld-Weißig . When the Dresden-Land district was dissolved on January 1, 1996, it became the Saxon Switzerland district . Exactly three years later it was incorporated into Dresden as part of Schönfeld-Weißig and has since been part of the state capital. Between 2006 and 2008 the Rockau village square was renewed.

Population development

Housing estate Am Preßgrund , popularly the "mountain of debt"

year Residents 1552 11 possessed men , 11 residents 1764 1 man possessed, 10 gardeners , 17 cottagers 1834 190 1871 116 1890 129 1910 ¹ 405 1925 ¹ 444 1939 ¹ 497 1946 ¹ 580 1950 ¹ 593 1964 ¹ 503 1990 ¹ 339

¹ with Eichbusch and Helfenberg

people

• Eduard Dreher (born April 29, 1907 in Rockau; † September 13, 1996 in Bonn ), lawyer
• Ray van Zeschau (born April 12, 1964 in Sofia ), German singer, photographer, filmmaker and journalist, lived in Rockau from 1993 to 1996

See also

• List of cultural monuments in Helfenberg (Dresden)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dresden.de: District 46 - Gönnsdorf / Pappritz with Cunnersdorf, Eichbusch, Helfenberg and Rockau (PDF; 347 kB)
2. ^ Scheduled services from Müller Busreisen
3. ↑ Town of Schönfeld-Weißig. In: Dresden-und-Sachsen.de. Archived from the original on August 10, 2014 ; Retrieved April 29, 2013 . 
4. ↑ ^{a b} Rockau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
5. ↑ Walks around Pappritz: today to the former forester's house. In: Dresden-Pappritz.de. Retrieved April 29, 2013 . 
6. ^ Lindenschänke: hostel and inn since 1836. Accessed on January 11, 2016 . 
7. ^ Dresden-Rockau, Saxony. In: Online project fallen memorials. Retrieved April 29, 2013 . 

Web links

Commons : Rockau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Tourism and Economic Development Association Schönfeld-Weißig e. V.
• Rockau district