Dolzschen

Dolzschen District of the state capital Dresden Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 30 ″  N , 13 ° 41 ′ 15 ″  E
Height :	140–265 m above sea level NN
Incorporation :	July 1, 1945
Postal code :	01187
Area code :	0351
Location of the Dölzschen district in Dresden

Dölzschen is a district of the Saxon state capital Dresden . It has 2100 inhabitants and belongs to the Cotta district .

geography

The district of Dölzschen is located near the western city limits, partly in the Weißeritz Valley (also called Plauenscher Grund ) and mainly on the heights west of the Elbe, bordering the districts of Plauen , Naußlitz , Löbtau and Roßthal . To the west it borders on the corridors of Freital and its district of Pesterwitz . Dölzschen belongs to the statistical district Naußlitz , within which the district forms the statistical district 945 Dölzschen. The district is strongly structured in terms of height. Industrial settlements emerged in the Weißeritztal ( Niederdölzschen ), the residential areas developed around the old village center (Altdölzschen), on the slopes of the Plauen reason and on the slope between the neighboring district of Löbtau and Altdölzschen ( Hohendölzschen ). A newly built residential area on both sides of Wurgwitzer Straße extends to the western city limits of Dresden and consists mainly of single-family houses. In everyday life it is called "the settlement".

geology

The geological term Dölzschen Formation is named after the former village of Dölzschen . They are deposits of the Chalk Sea more than 65 million years ago. In the Ratssteinbruch below the Dölzschener Luftbad on the road from Dresden to Freital, these rock layers are spectacularly exposed. Noteworthy are the upper layers of tarpaulin, up to 18 meters thick (consisting of quartz, lime, clay minerals). The Dölz Formation is very rich in fossils.

history

Töltzschen around 1759

Altdölzschen

Gym and festival hall with bathtubs, built in 1927

Archaeological finds prove a Stone Age and Bronze Age settlement of the Dölzschen Heights. The village, which emerged from a Slavic settlement, is named Deltsan 1144 in a document from King Konrad III. first mentioned as Deltham as property of the cathedral monastery of Meißen . A legendary Thorun castle , which is believed to be between Dölzschen and Pesterwitz on the Burgwartsberg , is mentioned in 1206. The village of Meißen remained a part of it until after 1559, later a von Nimptsch family was named as the landowner. On a historical map of the area around Dresden from 1759 the place is called Töltzschen. From the 16th to the 19th century several mines can be found around Dölzschen , most of which were built in the Plauenschen Grund below the village and were not very profitable. In 1794 an iron hammer mill was founded in the Weißeritztal directly on the border with the neighboring municipality of Döhlen .

At the end of the 18th century, the steep slopes above the Weißeritz began to be terraced and vineyards to be planted, which can still be seen near the Begerburg. With the construction of the quarries, the vineyards of the Plauen reason disappeared. A little hidden hillside vineyards below the school ties in with the Dölzschen winemaking tradition.

In 1813, Dölzschen was largely destroyed during the allies' attack on the French-occupied Dresden; only one farm survived the fighting. With the reconstruction, the settlement of trade and industry in Plauenschen Grund began: a brewery, quarries, stone chipping works and a mill with bread factory.

The iron hammer, laid out in 1794, was acquired in 1827 by Carl Friedrich August Dathe von Burgk , who extensively modernized and expanded the plant over the next few years. In 1842 the first Saxon coke furnace was blown here. After a visit by the Saxon King Friedrich August II. The factory was renamed Freiherrlich von Burgksche König-Friedrich-August-Hütte from 1846 . The plant developed into one of the most important industrial companies in the Plauen reason.

Dölzschen got a school in 1840, a larger schoolhouse was built in 1897/98, today's 81st primary school "Robert Weber". From 2013 to 2015, the listed building was completely renovated and expanded with additions. It was given a baroque tower dome on the existing clock tower and rococo-barocco facade decorations. A modern sports hall and additional rooms were added to the school building. The designing architectural offices ARGE Rieger Architektur GbR and ASD Architektur- und Ingenieurbüro Dresden received the Erlweinpreis of the city of Dresden in 2016 for their design.

In 1889, a very steep road was built to connect the Plauenschen Grund and Altdölzschen, today's serpentine road. After 1900 the residential areas gradually grew up the slopes. In 1923, the neighboring community of Roßthal, to which the former estate workers' settlement Neunimptsch belonged, were incorporated into Dölzschen. With the incorporation of Dölzschen into the city of Dresden in 1945, this process became obsolete. The air raids in 1945 caused only minor damage in Dölzschen. The industrial settlements in Plauenschen Grund lost importance after the war, only a successor to the former König-Friedrich-August-Hütte is still in operation.

The Dölzschen district is dominated by housing estates with villas, single-family and row houses and is surrounded by green areas. The old village center (Altdölzschen) and the fields in the district and in the vicinity are reminiscent of the village origins, as well as several allotment gardens, fields, parks and an outdoor swimming pool.

economy

View of the slopes of Dölzschen with the Weißeritztal Bridge and Begerburg

The economic importance of Dölzschen is low, only the iron hammer works Dölzschen and farms are still noteworthy. Most of the residents work in the neighboring cities of Dresden and Freital.

traffic

The district is connected to the city by the DVB bus line 62, which has its final stop in Altdölzschen (“Dölzschen”). The center of Dresden can be reached in 15 minutes. The bus line runs via the important downtown tram stops “ Prager Straße ” and “ Pirnaischer Platz ” to Johannstadt and the Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital in Dresden .

A special feature is the federal motorway 17 , which crosses under Dölzschen in the 1,070 m long Dölzschen tunnel , overcomes the Plauen reason on a tunnel-bridge construction and continues in another tunnel, the 2,350 m long Coschützer tunnel . Drivers in Dölzschen can reach the nearest access to the BAB 17 in Dresden-Gorbitz in just a few minutes.

Victor Klemperer's gravestone in Dölzschen

Culture and sights

Chapel in the cemetery

The Begerburg in Dölzschen above the Plauen reason

The “Naturheilverein Dresden-Löbtau and Surroundings” was founded in 1870 and set up a light and air bath in Dölzschen, which was later expanded to include a water basin. Located in a park-like, very well-kept complex, this nudist bath is popular with Dresdeners and had 22,000 visitors in 2019.

A special vantage point is a rocky outcrop above the motorway bridge of the BAB 17 , the "Kanapee", on which the Begerburg stands above the Plauen reason. It became a symbol of Dölzschen. Large parts of the Plauen reason can be seen from here. After 1852, the Dölzschen estate owner Beger had a villa built in neo-Gothic style instead of several previous buildings, such as the Carlsburg from 1742. A steep footpath leads past the villa through the former vineyards down into the Weißeritztal. Because of the blasting, which began directly under the Begerburg, when the motorway was being built from October 2000, the villa had to be extensively secured; in 1997 there was a massive rock fall.

The linguist Victor Klemperer , who lived in Dölzschen for many years until 1960 ( Klemperer House ), rests on the Dölzschen cemetery, which was inaugurated in 1923 . Concerts are occasionally held in the small cemetery chapel.

See also : List of cultural monuments in Dölzschen

Public facilities

• Dölzschen air bath (nudist bath)
• 81. Elementary school with after-school care
• SG Dölzschen sports field in 1928

Personalities

• Johann Gottlieb Beger: landowner, builder of the Begerburg
• Robert Weber (1849–1924): School director, reform pedagogue
• Alfred Darre (1890–1945): Mayor
• Victor Klemperer (1881–1960): Romance scholar, literary scholar, writer
• Balduin Thieme (pseudonym Peter Uhu) (1910–1996): journalist, poet, writer

literature

• Cornelius Gurlitt : Dölzschen. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 24. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Altstadt (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, p. 37.

Web links

Commons : Dölzschen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Dölzschen on dresdner-stadtteile.de
• Dölzschen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

1. ↑ August Schumann: Complete State = Post = and Newspaper = Lexicon of Saxony, 8th volume; Zwickau, Verlag der Gebrüder Schumann, 1821.