Döhlen (Freital)

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Döhlen
Large district town of Freital
Coordinates: 51 ° 0 '26 "  N , 13 ° 38' 48"  E
Height : 175 m above sea level NHN
Area : 2.65 km²
Residents : 3434  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density : 1,296 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : October 1, 1921
Postal code : 01705
Area code : 0351
Wurgwitz Kohlsdorf Niederhermsdorf Pesterwitz Saalhausen Zauckerode Niederpesterwitz Potschappel Döhlen Birkigt Unterweißig Weißig Großburgk Kleinburgk Zschiedge Kleinnaundorf Niederhäslich Deuben Hainsberg Schweinsdorf Coßmannsdorf Somsdorf Kleinburgk Wilsdruff Dresden Tharandt Klingenberg Rabenau Bannewitzmap
About this picture
Location of Döhlen in Freital

Döhlen is a district of the Saxon large district town Freital in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains .

geography

Döhlen and neighboring villages to the east on a map from the 19th century
View from Windberg u. a. via Freital-Döhlen

Döhlen is located in the Döhlen basin named after the district on the left, western bank of the Weißeritz . The terrain rises to the west. The Döhlen district is located approximately in the center of Freital and consists of the locations Oberdöhlen, Unterdöhlen and Neudöhlen . In the north it borders on Zauckerode , in the northeast on Potschappel and in the east on Burgk . Neighboring to the south is Deuben , to the west of Döhlen is Weißig . The Weitzschen desert is located on the Döhlener Flur .

In the district there is the Luther Church and the Freital school for learning support with a clinic and hospital school.

history

The place name goes back to the Old Sorbian language and means "place in the valley". The village was first mentioned in 1206 in the same document containing the first mention of Dresden as well as that of Potschappel and Wurgwitz . This document names "Arnoldus de Dolen" (Arnold von Döhlen) as one of the witnesses in the arbitration process of a legal dispute between the Bishop of Meißen and the Burgrave of Dohna over Thorun Castle . Over the centuries, next to “Dolen”, the place name forms “Dolin”, “Dalen”, “Dalan”, “Dolan”, “Dölen” and “Delen” appeared. In 1875 the village was finally called “Döhlen b. Dresden ”to distinguish it from five villages of the same name in Saxony.

Old Red Mill Döhlen

The manor of Arnolds von Döhlen was located in a fortification built to protect the East German settlement next to the church in the area of ​​today's Johann-Georg-Palitzsch -Hof. The parish was located between the church and the village green . As a church village, Döhlen developed into the center of the region. The later church school was attended by children from all the neighboring villages. The manorial rule was exercised by the owners of the Döhlen manor throughout the early modern period. In the 16th century, Döhlen had to pay various taxes to the landlord Hans von Grensing . In addition to other villages in the area, the manor was also subject to more distant places, including a part of Rähnitz in the north of Dresden. After the death of the landlord Alexander von Schönberg († 1801), the Saxon state bought the manor, which consisted of the castle and manor as well as the attached lands, which became the chamber property . The decisive reason for this was the lucrative coal fields in its sphere of influence, which were then combined with other mines to form the Zaucker or hard coal works under the direction of Carl Wilhelm von Oppel .

Döhlen glass factory (Friedrichshütte) around 1856
Döhlen steelworks
View of Döhlen on a drawing from 1799

Up until the 18th century, Döhlen was the most populous village on the upper reaches of the united Weißeritz. When the road from Dresden through Plauenschen Grund to Tharandt was built from 1745 onwards, Döhlen stayed a bit out of the way, the new route led through Potschappel. From this point on, the central importance of Döhlen decreased, the population of Burgk, Potschappel and Deuben increased significantly more. In contrast to its neighboring villages, Döhlen also did not have a train station on the Dresden – Werdau railway line , although it also runs via Döhlener Flur. Even Carl Friedrich August Freiherr Dathe von Burgk and his successors were unable to decisively promote Döhlen.

However, in the 19th century, important industrial companies settled along the railway line, including the Döhlen glass factory in 1818 and the cast steel works in 1855, from which the stainless steel plant emerged . In both of them, over 1000 workers were employed at times. In addition, Döhlen became the seat of a local court . In 1880 the dilapidated Romanesque hall church, in which Otto Lilienthal had married two years earlier , was torn down and replaced by a new building in the same place until 1882. In the churchyard there is a memorial hall built in 1899, the Freiherrlich-Burgksche Mausoleum, a war memorial and a medallion for Wilhelmine Reichard, who was buried here . To the east of the old village center, Neudöhlen was built from 1890 onwards with two centers around today's Platz des Friedens on the border with Potschappel and around Neumarkt and Leßkestrasse on the border with Deuben. The Weitzschen desert was located in this area. The Döhlener Guts block corridor was about 387 hectares around 1900. In the years 1914/1915 the municipality of Döhlen had a magnificent town hall built, which after 1952 served as an administrative building for the Freital district.

On October 1, 1921, Deuben, Döhlen and Potschappel merged to form a common city. Since no name of one of the founding communities came into question for the city name, a naming competition was called. Here sat Freital ( "Free Valley") by the proposal Döhlener community representative Hermann executioner . In the 1930s, planned new buildings were built along Dresdner Strasse , including on Döhlener Flur. During the Second World War , the Freital steelworks in Döhlen played an important role as an armaments factory and employed numerous forced laborers . A bronze sculpture by Wieland Förster erected in 1958 commemorates them and other victims of National Socialism . The chamber property, leased until 1945, was expropriated after the end of the war. In the time of the GDR, the stainless steel plant expanded over large parts of the east of the Döhlener Flur. Among other things, Hüttenstrasse was withdrawn and closed to public traffic. It was only released again in 2000 as part of the new north-west tangent which relieves pressure on Dresdner Strasse. This had a very positive effect on the accessibility of Döhlen. In the old village center of Döhlen, which is on Lutherstrasse, some farms from the 19th century have been preserved to this day.

Development of the population

year Residents
1551 18 possessed men , 10 gardeners , 52 residents
1764 13 possessed men, 1 gardener, 6 cottagers
1834 640
1871 1957
1890 2948
1910 5165
1925 see Freital

Attractions

Town hall Döhlen
Fountain at Neumarkt
Reichardstrasse 9, home of the 1st German balloonist Wilhelmine Reichard

Squares and parks

The Freitaler Neumarkt is located in Döhlen. It is used as a parking lot for visitors to the adjacent shops or the medical center . Behind the Neumarkt area, at the foot of the Windberg, there is a park with benches and trees, which in the future will be transformed into an adventure playground . The Neumarkt has a bus stop, which can only be reached from the direction of Deuben. Next to the bus stop is a fountain that was set up there as part of the partial redesign of the Neumarkt. The Storchenbrunnen is also located near the Neumarkt . The Platz des Friedens is located on the street in the direction of the Burgk district of Freital. This is where the major Freital events take place, such as the Windberg Festival and circus performances. There is a small park adjacent to Peace Square. In the Wilhelmine Reichard settlement there is an inner courtyard equipped with benches and trees as well as a small fountain. Directly at the former Freital cinema is a park that was inaugurated in 2006 and also has a fountain.

Memorials

Economy and Infrastructure

The factory halls and parts of the mining areas of the Eder brickworks , which employs 56 people, are located in Döhlen . Other larger companies in the district are the Edelstahlwerk (approx. 700 employees, status: 2014) and the Freital glassworks (approx. 70 employees, status: 2010). The municipal companies "Freitaler Stadtwerke GmbH" and "Freitaler Wohnungsgesellschaft mbH" are based in Döhlen. Until 2011, the district was the location of the largest event hall in Freital, the Windberg-Arena . It was housed in an old factory hall of the plastic machine plant , which had to be closed first due to structural defects and then demolished. A business park is being built on the demolished area, and a technology and start-up center was built on Neumarkt in connection with this . In the early 2000s, a Toom chain's hardware store was opened on a fallow area next to the Windberg Arena, also after the demolition of factory buildings .

The state highways S 36 and S 194 run through Döhlen . Due to its location in the center of Freital, Döhlen is an important traffic junction for city traffic, here are the busy crossings between the roads to Dresden and Tharandt (Dresdner Straße), to Kesselsdorf (Wilsdruffer Straße), to Weißig (Lutherstraße) and the Burgk district or to Bannewitz (Burgker Straße). The Freitaler bypass road runs directly to the east of the town center in order to relieve the less attractive part of Neudöhlen from traffic on Dresdner Strasse.

The connection of the district to the Freital city traffic is ensured above all by the bus line D of the regional traffic Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains. This line runs from the bus station in Deuben through Neudöhlen via Schachtstraße south of the town center in the direction of Weißig. All other city buses (A − F) also pass through Neudöhlen. Bus line A replaced the Plauensche Grundbahn , which was discontinued in 1974 , a Dresden tram line that ran to the Hainsberg district . The Dresden – Werdau railway runs through the district in a southwest-northeast direction.

Authorities

In Döhlen some authorities are established, such as the Job Center Saxon Switzerland & Eastern Ore Mountains at the Johann-Georg-Palitzsch yard and opposite on the Hüttenstraße the branch office of the district office Saxon Switzerland & Eastern Ore Mountains, together with Community Office and the Admissions Office .

Road sign in Döhlen
Seat of the branch office of the district and the admission office

education

There is a school for learning support in Freital , a day care center in Schatzinsel and the IB Freital, a provider of youth, social and educational work.

Personalities

Trivia

literature

  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Döhlen. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 24. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Altstadt (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, p. 25.

Web links

Commons : Döhlen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Update of the Integrated Urban Development Concept (INSEK). (PDF; 120 MB) Urban development Freital 2030plus. Stadtverwaltung Freital, STEG Stadtentwicklung GmbH, January 2020, p. 92 , accessed on July 13, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (ed.): Historisches Ortnamesbuch von Sachsen , Berlin 2001, Volume I, p. 199, ISBN 3-05-003728-8
  3. ↑ Documents of the Meissen Monastery in the Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae
  4. ↑ 800 years of Potschappel, Döhlen and Wurgwitz ( Memento from August 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ a b c Döhlen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  6. ↑ Döhlen's contributions to the Repertorium Saxonicum (ISGV)
  7. ↑ Inventory 11617 Sächsische Gußstahl-Werke Döhlen AG, Freital. Main State Archive Dresden , accessed on July 27, 2014 .
  8. ^ Döhlen, in: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 5. Leipzig 1906, p. 81.
  9. ↑ Luther Church Döhlen on freital.de
  10. ↑ Fabian-Handbuch: Parish library of the Luther Church in Freital-Döhlen
  11. ↑ Freital-Döhlen on denkmalprojekt.org
  12. ↑ Weitzschen in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  13. ↑ Brief description on the Eder brickworks website ( Memento from February 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  14. ↑ BGH Edelstahlwerke GmbH. Retrieved February 14, 2016 .
  15. ↑ Matthias Weigel: Millions cannot be taken for granted . In: Sächsische Zeitung, January 19, 2011.
  16. ↑ http://www.tgf-freital.de/
  17. ^ Döhlen-Freital brewery. In: bierdeckelsammler.net. Archived from the original on October 4, 2010 ; accessed on July 27, 2014 .
  18. ↑ Döhlen Freital Brewery. In: biersachse.de. Retrieved July 27, 2014 .