Döhlen basin
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The Döhlen Basin is a landscape unit and a regional geological unit in Saxony, southwest of Dresden . An important Saxon coal deposit was exploited there.
geography
The Döhlen Basin is not a morphological basin, but it is mainly defined by its geology . It stretches 22 km in length and 6 km in width over the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains . The longitudinal axis of the basin runs in a north-west-south-east direction. In the center of the basin is the large district town of Freital . The name of the basin goes back to the Döhlen district of Freital . The highest point of the area is 425 m above sea level. NN the Lerchenberg near Possendorf ; the lowest point at 160 m above sea level. NN is located in the river valley of the Weißeritz . The northwestern border of the Döhlen basin forms the area around the city of Wilsdruff , in the southeast it extends to Maxen (municipality of Müglitztal ). The transition to the Elbe Valley is roughly along the Dresden city limits , and the Döhlen Basin merges into the Eastern Ore Mountains at Karsdorf (town of Rabenau ) .
At the municipal administrative level, the landscape extends over large parts of the cities of Freital and Rabenau as well as the communities of Bannewitz and Kreischa . The area of Tharandt , Wilsdruff, Müglitztal, Dohna and Glashütte is also tangent . Due to the proximity to the former residence and today's state capital Dresden, this area is quite densely populated. Around 60 larger towns are located in the Döhlen basin, the most populous are the towns in the Weißeritztal , especially Deuben , Döhlen and Potschappel , from which the town of Freital emerged in the 20th century. As a result of the incorporation of places in the area, the population grew to a maximum of around 45,000, currently it is around 39,000. Around 60,000 people live in the entire Döhlen basin.
geology
The Döhlen Basin is the structural remainder of an old sedimentary basin that sank in the Upper Upper Carboniferous into what was then the Variscan Mountains . In the regional geology of Germany it is assigned to the Elbe zone. To the southwest, the Döhlen basin merges into the crystalline part of the Ore Mountains, which also forms the basement of the south-western part of the basin. The basin filling is partially cut off near the surface by the crystalline or overlying relics of Cenomanian sandstones directly by the Karsdorf fault . To the southeast, the Döhlen Basin merges into the Elbe Valley Slate Mountains and to the northwest into the Nossen-Wilsdruffer Slate Mountains (both units merge into one another in the subsurface of the northeastern part of the Döhlen Basin). The Elbe Chalk connects to the northeast and builds up the Elbe Sandstone Mountains further southeast, from Pirna up the Elbe . In the north, the Döhlen basin borders the Meißen massif, which with its monzonite intrusive bodies also has a small share in the basin of the basin.
The sediment filling of the basin, mainly sandstones , conglomerates and pyroclastics , comes from the Upper Upper Carboniferous and the Lower Permian and is partly placed in the Rotliegend , partly in the Stefanium . The Döhlen basin is one of a number of post-variscan relict basins that u. a. also the Vorerzgebirgs-Senke in the Chemnitz area, the permocarbon series of the Thuringian Forest and the Saar-Nahe-Senke with the northern part of the Palatinate Forest can be added. The sedimentation in the Döhlen basin was controlled by the activity of the basin edge disturbances at that time. The pool, which is more than 800 meters thick, is divided into four formations :
- Bannewitz formation (also Bannewitz-Hainsberg formation, 210 to 390 m Oberrotliegend)
- Niederhäslich-Formation (also Niederhäslich-Schweinsdorf-Formation, 190 to 300 m, Unterrotliegend)
- Döhlen formation (up to 110 m, Unterrotliegend)
- Unkersdorf formation (also Unkersdorf-Potschappel formation, 50 to 160 m, Stefanium)
history
The coal seams of the Döhlen Formation were of economic importance, the occurrence of which had been known since the 16th century and gave rise to intensive mining activity, especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The main works were the Königliche Steinkohlenwerk Zauckerode and Freiherrlich von Burgker Steinkohlen- und Eisenhüttenwerke , after 1945 the VEB Steinkohlenwerk Freital . From 1968 onwards, mining was limited to the extraction of uranium ore-bearing hard coal on the northwestern edge of the Döhlen basin by the SDAG Wismut . The surface and underground facilities in the region have been kept and renovated since 1989. The mining areas are drained via the Tiefen Weißeritz tunnel and later via the Tiefen Elbstolln .
literature
- Dietrich Franke: Regional Geology East. Geological online reference work for East Germany with around 2500-page encyclopedia (PDF; 19 MB) and separately downloadable maps and tables
- Wolfgang Reichel, Manfred Schauer: The Döhlener basin near Dresden. Geology and mining. (= Mining in Saxony , Volume 12) Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology (Ed.), Dresden 2006, ISBN 3-9811421-0-1 , online
- Silvio Stute: History, special features and innovations of hard coal mining in the Döhlen basin near Dresden . In: Freudenstein e. V. (Ed.): Proceedings 17th International Mining & Mining History Workshop Freiberg in Saxony - October 1st to 5th, 2014 , Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2014, ISBN 978-3-86948-364-1 , pp. 1–22
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′ N , 13 ° 39 ′ E