Zauckerode Royal Coal Works

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The royal hard coal works at Zaukerode in Plauenschen Grund and the Lattermann iron foundry
The Oppelschacht with the administrative headquarters of the Zauckerode Royal Coal Works (around 1890)
First law of the elector to regulate hard coal mining
One of five mountain beer cans from the Knappschaft of the Royal Zauckerode Coal Works, around 1845. Capacity approx. 10 liters.

The Königliche Steinkohlenwerk Zauckerode was a fiscal mining company that had existed since 1806 and was incorporated into the Sächsische Werke Aktiengesellschaft on April 1, 1923 . The mine field was in the northern part of the hard coal deposit of the Döhlen basin in what is now the Freital city ​​area. It operated under the following names:

  • Royal Saxon hard coal works in Plauenschen Grund (1806 to around 1850)
  • Royal Saxon Coal Works Zaukeroda (around 1850 to around 1880)
  • Royal Saxon Coal Works Zauckerode (around 1880 to 1918)
  • Zauckerode State Coal Works (1918 to 1923)

history

After the significant beginnings of coal mining under Grensingk, Zeutsch, Brendel and Theler , it sank again into relative insignificance, not least due to the effects of the 30-year war. The shortage of wood and the coal mandate of 1743 once again stimulated mining. However, the financial possibilities of many landowners soon set limits to penetration into ever greater depths and the necessary investments.

On January 1, 1806, the von Schönbergschen Steinkohlenwerke including the manors Döhlen and Zauckerode , the Burkhardtstolln and the rights to the Potschappler coal fields for a purchase sum of 425,000 thalers became the property of the Elector Friedrich August .

Head tax collector and miner Carl Wilhelm von Oppel was entrusted with the management . Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Lindig was in charge of on-site management. It belonged to the area of ​​responsibility of the Oberbergamt Freiberg and was divided into the Zaukerodaer, Döhlener and Niederhermsdorf districts.

At the beginning, the focus of funding was on Leopold Erbstolln, which had been in operation since 1789 and was acquired by the Saxon Elector in 1799.

In 1806 a new art shaft and the Wilhelm shaft were sunk . In June 1809 the new Zauckeroder Kunstschacht was sunk.

In 1810, Faktor Lindig achieved the groundbreaking development of wet coal processing ( coal washing ).

In 1810 Bergrat von Oppel proposed the construction of a central drainage tunnel . This was granted on July 31, 1817 and the construction of the Tiefen Elbstolln was ordered.

In order to raise the groundwater around the Zaucker or civil engineering, a steam engine designed by machine director Brendel from Freiberg was built on the new Zaucker or art shaft in 1818 . It went into operation on May 4, 1820 and was the first steam engine to be used in the Saxon mining industry.

On the occasion of King Anton's transit , the first miners' parade of the royal miners took place on October 17, 1827 , after which the procurement of the first miner's flag was approved. Their symbols were mallets and irons , a wedge pick and a rock drill, all of which crisscrossed at one point. On this occasion, the parade dress for officials and workers was also regulated for the first time.

In 1832, work began on sinking the Friedrichschacht on Zauckeroder Flur. After Bergrat von Oppel died in November 1833, the shaft was renamed Oppelschacht in his honor .

On Niederhermsdorfer Flur, work began in 1835 to clear an old private shaft , which was given the name Albertschacht .

On November 5, 1836, the deep Elbstolln was completed by shooting through the last separating rock wall between the 7th and 8th light hole.

On May 22nd, 1872 the groundbreaking ceremony took place for a new double shaft system , the Königin-Carola-Schacht .

It is thanks to the forward-looking thinking of Director Förster that inventors, engineers and leading minds of the time were in contact with the Royal Works and exchanged diverse experiences and carried out practical experiments. The aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal and his younger brother Gustav stayed at the Royal Coal Works several times between 1876 and 1878 to test a cutting machine on behalf of the Berlin mechanical engineering company Carl Hoppe . At the same time, he designed and developed his own construction (imperial patent 2291), which became an essential component of his economic success and thus the basis of his later flight attempts. At his request, Lilienthal's cutting machine, which he had tested in the Royal Works, was sent back to Berlin by Director Förster von Zauckerode in December 1877 , but in return the Saxon Ministry of Finance approved the purchase of a Lilienthal cutting machine for 1878. Lilienthal delivered this in April 1878 for the price of 750 marks .

Förster once again brought the plant into the focus of the global public when the world's first electric mine railway, built in cooperation with Siemens & Halske in August 1882, began operation in the 5th main cross passage of the Zaucker or Oppel shaft over a length of 620 m. It replaced the horse promotion practiced up until then . The locomotive, baptized Dorothea (Latin: gift of God) was also the world's first electric locomotive in continuous operation.

The rock plate with dinosaur skeletons discovered in 1901 in the Carolaschacht district was remarkable. This species, discovered there for the first time, was given the name Pantelosaurus saxonicus by Professor Huene .

The last large mine at the plant was started with the sinking of the König-Georg-Schacht in Weißig on September 15, 1902. With a depth of 575 m, it was also the deepest shaft in the area.

After the abdication of the last Saxon king, Friedrich August III , the plant operated as an independent plant under the name of Staatliches Steinkohlenwerk Zauckerode, directly subordinate to the Saxon Ministry of Finance. With the "Law on the transfer of the state coal and electricity company to the Aktiengesellschaft Sächsische Werke zu Dresden" of January 30, 1924, the Zauckerode coal works were transferred retroactively to April 1, 1923, to the state corporation Sächsische Werke (ASW). As of June 1, 1946, the remaining shafts and systems were subordinated to the industrial administration I hard coal. From July 1, 1948, they belonged to the VEB Steinkohlenwerk Freital in the VVB Steinkohle Zwickau. On August 28, 1958, the name was changed to VEB Steinkohlenwerk "Willi Agatz", after the communist politician and resistance fighter Wilhelm Agatz .

Local administration / directors of the plant

  • Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Lindig

  • Karl Friedrich Schmiedel

  • Bernhard Rudolf Förster

  • Ferdinand Max Georgi

Shafts / mountain buildings (selection with operating time)

Output / workforce

year Attached team Delivery rate in t Annual output per capita in t
1806 193 9,262.9 48.0
1816 147 16,182.7 109.3
1826 353 26,475.5 75.0
1836 438 42,927.3 98.0
1846 752 89,903.5 119.6
1856 986 131,899.9 133.8
1866 1154 179,872.4 155.9
1876 1324 215,019.8 162.4
1886 1159 278,038.9 239.9
1896 1135 280,353.1 247.0
1906 1164 265,014.0 227.6
1916 806 208,250.0 258.3
1926 742 201,619.0 271.7
1936 684 197,775.0 289.1

Parade suit

Worker in parade suit according to regulations from 1827
Manhole hat for health insurance members 3rd class according to regulations from 1884

The first regulations for service and parade clothing were issued in 1827. Only the pictorial representation of E. Rost in Freiberg has survived. The regulations for the team (workers) issued by Director Förster on December 12, 1884 were retained. It provided for the following structure and equipment:

  • Head conveyors and other supervisors with a fixed weekly wage:

Black smock with brass buttons and a narrow gold stripe on the collar, a manhole hat made of black felt with a jagged golden wall crown above and a narrow golden stripe below. In addition a black neck with yellow tips. Belt and hat lock with an oak wreath, parade pick and black trousers.

  • 3rd class health insurance members:

Black smock with brass buttons, a manhole hat made of black felt with a yellow, serrated wall crown above and a narrow yellow stripe below, black hat, leather with a yellow belt lock, parade pick and black trousers.

  • Health insurance members 4th class:

Black clothes smock with brass buttons, manhole hat made of black felt with a yellow wall crown above but without narrow stripes below, black neck, leather with yellow belt lock, parade pick, black trousers.

  • Health insurance members 5th class:

Black smock smock with brass buttons, manhole hat made of black felt with a smooth yellow ribbon above and a narrow yellow stripe below, black hat, leather with a yellow belt lock, parade pick and black trousers.

A service cap in the form of an official's cap was worn as a simple service suit. The uniform of the miners' elders and officiants (officials) was based on the "Regulation for the uniforms of officials and officers employed in the Regalberg and fiscal metallurgical industry in the Kingdom of Saxony" of 1853. The parade clothing was worn until the Second World War, although from 1918 the crowns on the fittings of the manhole hat and belt lock were removed.

gallery

  • Mining protocol from 1810

  • Ground plan and Seigerriss Tiefer Elbstolln 1831

  • Workforce at Lichtloch 21 (Niederhermsdorf) in parade suit and pit smock with panels around 1890

  • Part of the workforce at Königin-Carola-Schacht 1 (Döhlen) with safety lights around 1910

  • Wages book of a drummer or promoter from 1897

  • Regulation for security men

  • Statute of the miners' health insurance fund

  • Seal mark around 1860

  • Seal mark around 1880

  • Seal mark around 1900

  • Advertising stamp around 1900

literature

  • Heinrich Hartung: Festschrift for the centenary of the Zauckerode Royal Coal Works. In: Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony. Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1906.
  • Heinrich Hartung: 125 years of the Zauckerode coal plant, looking back over the past 25 years. In: Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in Saxony. Craz & Gerlach, Freiberg 1931.
  • Eberhard Gürtler, Klaus Gürtler: The hard coal mining in the Döhlen basin. 2nd improved edition, self-published, Freital 1995

Web links

Commons : Königliches Steinkohlenwerk Zauckerode  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: The Royal Saxon Coal Works in Zaukeroda in Plauenschen near Dresden  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Handwritten communication from Lindig to von Oppel, bound in "Zechenprotokoll für die Königl. Hard coal works in Plauenschen Grund to the year 1810 ”, page 206.
  2. ↑ There is an extensive file on the Lilienthal machine in the Saxon Main State Archives . ( Transcription in the archive of the Otto Lilienthal Museum )
  3. ^ Walter Fischer: Grimmaic ECCE . Ed .: Theodor Kühn. Dresden 1940, p. 24/30 .
  4. ↑ Friedrich von Huene: A new Pelycosaurier from the lower Permformation of Saxony . In: Geological and Paleontological Treatises . No. 18 , 1925, pp. 215/264 .
  5. ^ Bernhard Förster, "List of the items belonging to the parade suit of the team of the Royal Coal Works", handwritten from December 12th, 1884