Gustav Lilienthal

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Gustav Lilienthal (1886)
Gustav Lilienthal with daughter, 1926
Gustav Lilienthal at a demonstration of his brother's glider in the Gatower Mountains near Berlin (1930)
A so-called Lilienthal castle in the neo-Gothic style (New Tudor style ) of English country houses
Berlin memorial plaque on Marthastraße 5 in Berlin-Lichterfelde
Villa Lademann
Memorial plaque at the foot of the Fliegeberges in Berlin-Lichterfelde . Inscription: Gustav Lilienthal 1849–1933 closest collaborator, brother of the aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal
Honorary grave in the park cemetery Lichterfelde

Gustav Lilienthal (born October 9, 1849 in Anklam ; † February 1, 1933 in Berlin ) was a German builder and social reformer . As the younger brother of the aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal , he took part in his flight experiments for a long time.

Vita

Gustav Lilienthal is known today mainly for his collaboration with his brother and his (unsuccessful) attempts with a swing plane, which he drove on the Berlin airfields Tempelhof and Johannisthal until his death . In contrast, he is less well known as a pioneer in the fields of toys , housing construction and associated prefabrication and as an initiator and supporter of social and settlement projects . His buildings in the villa colony of Lichterfelde (now part of Berlin), which has become his (and his brother's) adopted home, are known .

Lilienthal was buried in the Lichterfelde park cemetery. The grave has been one of the honor graves of the State of Berlin since 1984 . In 2011, his youngest daughter, Otti Binswanger-Lilienthal, published a biography entitled Der Albatros in which a lot is reported about her father.

Beginnings

Gustav Lilienthal grew up with his brother Otto and first also attended grammar school , later the newly founded middle school in Anklam. After an apprenticeship as a bricklayer in Anklam, he studied at the Berlin Bauakademie (later TH Charlottenburg ), but finished his studies after two years without a degree. The reason was the closure of the school with the beginning of the Franco-German War . After various positions and stays abroad, he tried to set up his own business as an art teacher with a school for female handicrafts. The development of the stone construction kit took place during this time . After the idea was sold to Friedrich Adolf Richter ( Ankerwerk (Rudolstadt) ), he emigrated to Australia in 1880 , but returned to Germany in 1885, where he initially devoted himself again to the development of building blocks.

Aviation pioneer

Gustav Lilienthal gave his brother Otto decisive support in flight research. In addition to the common lift measurements on curved surfaces each summer in 1873 and 1874, Gustav came during a London visit in winter 1873/74 as a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society , which since 1866 annual reports ( Annual Reports published). Gustav translated all of the important works on the subject of “aircraft heavier than air” for his brother Otto. Gustav used a ship passage to Australia in 1880 to make extensive observations and notes about the flight of sea birds. He describes the ground effect during the flight of the albatross without being able to explain it. The book Der Vogelflug as the basis of the art of flying by Otto Lilienthal from 1889 has the subtitle On the basis of numerous experiments carried out by O. and G. Lilienthal .

Construction / architecture

Lilienthal was the inventor of various prefabrication elements such as large hollow blocks made of cement, the prefabricated ceiling " Terrast ceiling " and "houses that can be dismantled". The techniques were used to erect some of the existing buildings in the Lobetal / Hope Valley near Bernau settlements (today: Hope Valley Foundation Lobetal in the association of the v. Bodelschwinghschen Anstalten Bethel ), Eden (district of Oranienburg ) and " Freie Scholle ". Best known are his imaginatively designed villas in Berlin-Lichterfelde- West, built in the style of historicism in the variant of the neo-Gothic Tudor Revival , which are mostly still in good condition today. He built the first of these villas, which seem like small knight castles, for himself in 1891/92 at Tietzenweg 51 on a plot of land only 200 square meters. Two years later he built a somewhat larger house at Marthastraße 5. More of these villas can be found in Lichterfelde / West at Paulinenstrasse 16, 17 and 24 to 28 as well as at Potsdamer Strasse 57a and 63. In total, he built around 30 of these villas between 1892 and 1900, 22 have been preserved in Lichterfelde, 16 of which are standing under monument conservation. He also built houses in this style in Potsdam's villa colony Neubabelsberg, for example the Villa Lademann in Karl-Marx-Straße 66 in 1895, which was later used as the UFA guest house in the 1930s . He also built the Villa Kosmack in 1897 at Friedrich-Engels-Strasse 1 in Neuruppin. Even if the architecture of the Lilienthal villas is reminiscent of the Middle Ages with wall battlements, turrets and suggested drawbridges, they were technically innovative and had reform kitchens, double windows and warm air heating in the ceilings and walls.

Pedagogy / toys

He owned numerous toy patents, some of which were registered in the name of Otto Lilienthal, including the later anchor stone construction kit and the so-called model construction kit as a forerunner of the metal construction kit (stable construction kit). There are clear parallels between some construction and toy patents.

Social reform

Like his brother, Gustav Lilienthal was strongly influenced by the German social ethicist Moritz von Egidy and the socially utopian novel “Freiland” by the Austrian Theodor Hertzka . Their ideas are reflected in Otto Lilienthal's activity as a mechanical engineering entrepreneur as well as in the reform projects in which Gustav Lilienthal was involved. The building cooperative "Freie Scholle" (today: Berlin-Reinickendorf ), which still exists today , he founded himself in 1895; For the vegetarian fruit-growing cooperative Eden (in Oranienburg near Berlin), which was founded in 1893, he designed numerous buildings.

literature

Web links

Commons : Gustav Lilienthal  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reading by Otti Binswanger ( Memento of the original from October 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 360 kB) in the Lilienthalhaus Berlin, September 2, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heimatverein-steglitz.de
  2. ↑ A villa with a field gentleman's hill suitable for mobile phones . In: Die Welt , August 12, 2000
  3. ^ Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum. April 11, 2018, accessed October 11, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Gustav Lilienthal built castles like in old Scotland. In: Berlin Week. October 9, 2010, accessed April 23, 2016 .
  5. ↑ On the history of the construction kit. Otto Lilienthal Museum , accessed on September 30, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Lilienthal, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German builder and social reformer
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Anklam
DATE OF DEATH February 1, 1933
Place of death Berlin