Anklam

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Anklam (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 53 ° 51 '  N , 13 ° 41'  E
Basic data
State :	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County :	Vorpommern-Greifswald
Height :	6 m above sea level NHN
Area :	56.58 km 2
Residents:	12,331 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	218 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	17389 (Anklam with Gellendin) 17392 (Pelsin with Stretense)
Area code :	03971
License plate :	VG, ANK, GW, PW, SBG, UEM, WLG
Community key :	13 0 75 005
City administration address :	Markt 3 17389 Anklam
Website :	www.anklam.de
Mayor :	Michael Galander (Initiatives for Anklam)
Location of the city of Anklam in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district

The officially free Hanseatic city of Anklam  [ ˈaŋklam ] is a town in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany). The city is one of the 18  medium-sized centers in the country.

Because of its location, like Wolgast in the north, Anklam is also known as the “gateway to the island of Usedom ” and is known as the birthplace of the aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal .

geography

location

The city lies on the river Peene , about seven kilometers before its confluence with the the Baltic flowing Peenestrom , one of the three Oderhaff -Ausflüsse. East of Anklam, near the district Zecherin of the city of Usedom , the Zecheriner Bridge is one of two road bridges over the Peene River to the island of Usedom (the western connection is the Peene Bridge Wolgast ). Anklam is integrated into the German-Polish interdependence of the metropolis of Szczecin .

City structure

The following districts belong to the city of Anklam:

• Gellendin
• Pelsin
• Stretense

history

Name story

View from 1618 by Eilhard Lubin , on which there is also a bridge to the castle gate

Anklam was first mentioned in a document in 1243 as Tachlim , followed by Thanglim in 1256 and Tanchlim in 1264 . The T is dropped for the first time in 1284, when the place was named Anclim and in 1285 Anclem . After that, a lot of documented writings are known with changing names. Only after 1524 are only spellings listed without T , but with an alternation between c and k. The name is traced back to the Slavic word meaning "on the hill", which indicates the location of the place.

The following older representation (Gengler) is not covered by the Pomeranian document book and the stereotypical name interpretation Eichler with personal names cannot be proven with documents:

The name of the place comes from the old Polish language area of Tąglim , the Slavic locator of the city. In 1243 a town bailiff was named by Tanchlim . In 1247 it is mentioned as Tanchlym , 1251 and 1264 as Tanchlim , 1280 and 1283 as Tanglim and 1272 as Tanclam . In 1283, with Anclem , the t initial sound was dropped for the first time . Anklam is mentioned for the first time in 1321 , but Danglyn appears again in the same year . The spelling Anclam was common until 1902 .

Since 1990, the city has had the addition of the Hanseatic city ​​again .

Early to Middle Ages

Arab coins from around 820, Groß Raden Archaeological Open Air Museum

Stone gate, a landmark of Anklam

Town hall around 1840

From the Jastorf culture , a settlement of the region by Germanic tribes in the 1st century BC. Proven. In the 7th and 8th centuries, Slavs immigrated to the Peeneurstromtal and established a first settlement in the area of ​​today's horse market in the 8th or 9th century.

The Slavs were gradually Christianized by Duke Ratibor I and Bishop Adalbert of Pomerania , who founded the Stolpe Monastery on May 3, 1153 for this purpose . At the same time the region in the neighboring Groswin had developed into an important long-distance trading center. This attracted more settlers from Flanders , who founded a market town in the 12th century . They laid out squares and streets such as Wollweberstrasse and the market. The Anklam Marienkirche and the settlement area surrounding it existed as early as the beginning of the 13th century, as has been proven by archaeological excavations. Anklam was first mentioned in 1243 as oppidum and in 1264 as civitas (city). The designation of a witness in the document of 1243 as mayor ( scultetus ) from Anklam suggests that town charter existed here at that time, probably Magdeburg law applied. The current district of Stretense was also first mentioned in 1243.

But the development of city rights took a different direction. Duke Barnim I enfeoffed Anklam with the town charter of Luebi in 1244 . Three years later, he granted the city far-reaching privileges such as freedom from customs duties and the right to fish. In 1264 he extended the rights and the residents were able to operate freely on all adjoining waters. The city then experienced an economic boom and joined the Hanseatic League in 1283 . In 1292 it finally received the town charter of Luebeck. Anklam's early entry into the Hanseatic League and the city's wealth at that time can be explained by the extensive herring trade in the city. The fishermen had been given the Danish privilege by King Waldemar of Denmark since 1338 to fish unhindered off Skåne and later Bornholm . A brotherhood represented their interests (Bornholmer Burse). In 1295 Anklam became part of the Duchy of Pomerania- Wolgast. From 1304 the Augustinian hermits tried to found a monastery in Anklam. In 1310, the citizenship approved their request under strict conditions. Shortly thereafter, the Pomeranian Duke promoted the settlement of the convent. As a result of the Reformation , the remaining monks ceded their property to the city in 1530. After the death of the last monk in 1545, the monastery was demolished in 1561. In 1325 the city received the right to mint .

Jews were also resident in Anklam until the 14th century . Between 1348 and 1393, for unknown reasons, there was a pogrom in which Jews were burned. For centuries Jews were no longer allowed to settle here. In 1377 the city burned down completely except for the Marienkirche and a few houses in its vicinity, but the city was rebuilt within a few years. On September 16, 1384, a similarly catastrophic conflagration spread across the entire city from Badestrasse. Again only the Marienkirche and a few adjacent houses were spared from the flames.

As early as the 13th century, when the city was founded, a representative town hall was built on the Anklam market square. The Gothic building was an impressive 40 × 14 meters and was repeatedly rebuilt and repaired after damage from war, fire and neglect. The traces of time could be read on various Gothic and Renaissance facade remodeling - even the large Gothic display gables came from different construction phases. In 1549 the town hall received a tower ( roof turret ). In 1841/42 the building was demolished together with the rest of the market development.

In 1387 the craftsmen tried in vain in the “fishermen's uprising” to wrest a say from the magistrate. The mayor Hartwig Thobringe and all the councilors were slain. The occasion was a dispute over the size of measuring vessels in the fish trade.

Between 1370 and 1461 Anklam was involved in a dispute with the noble family of Schwerin , who lived in Spantekow Castle . During this period seven feuds were fought, the last of which was particularly bitter between 1458 and 1461 and culminated in the Battle of Drewelow . In 1412, the Hohe Stein , located southeast of Anklam , was first mentioned as one of the four Landwehr checkpoints. The Landwehr enclosed an approximately 24 square kilometer urban field, which was divided into the old and the new field. In 1424 another fire destroyed the entire city.

When the Hanseatic League went to war against Denmark in 1427 , the city refused to take part for the second time. For this she was temporarily excluded from the Hanseatic League, but the relationship with Denmark became so good in the long term that the objection of the Danish King Anklam in 1713 saved from being burned down by the Russians. In 1448, on the initiative of Mayor Arnd Kölpin, the poor house was expanded into a foundation that was to last into the 20th century. In 1451 the cloth makers built their gothic gabled house , which was still preserved in the 21st century . The powder tower was first mentioned in 1462 . In 1525 a fire destroyed the town hall. Five years later, the Augustinian monks handed the monastery over to the city.

In 1535 the Lutheran Reformation entered the city. This was accompanied by the introduction of a new church and school constitution. From then on, two clergymen each worked at the two parish churches. School lessons were moved to the Nikolaikirchhof, while the second, the “German school”, was put under the direction of the typist and arithmetic master. In this school, the children's parents had to pay school fees. In 1555 a “Master Adam” founded the first “Ratsapotheke”, but in 1565 around a third of the population died of the plague.

Up until the Thirty Years' War , the Anklam economy enabled ambitious technical projects such as the installation of a water art. The long-distance water supply with double wooden pipes carried out by Hans Fritzken from Wismar in 1580 led from Jargelin to the Anklam market square. The pipeline, about four kilometers long and about five meters in altitude, had a capacity of 1,000 beer tons of water per day.

17th to 18th centuries

Title page of a city description from 1773

In 1605 the plague broke out again, this time around 1,400 inhabitants fell victim. From the 17th to the early 19th century, the city and its citizens were repeatedly covered with wars.

During the Thirty Years' War from 1627 to 1629 imperial troops invaded Anklam, murdering, looting and pillaging. 1600 inhabitants were killed. In 1637, with the death of Bogislaw XIV , the city got into another conflict between Sweden and Prussia. Swedish troops occupied the city and were driven out by imperial troops. However, they plundered the city again and also destroyed the peasantry in the surrounding villages such as Pelsin, Gellendin, Woserow, Bargischow or Gnevezin. The Stolpe monastery was also destroyed. In addition, the soldiers brought the plague to the city again and 1,400 people died.

With the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 Anklam became a Swedish border and garrison town. Two years later, the Nikolaikirche was rebuilt. The Swedes supplied the copper for the roof, in return the city paid 73,000  thalers to supply the Swedish troops. During the Second Northern War , the Poles invaded Anklam in 1657 . In 1659 the town burned again. Around 100 houses in the north-western part of the city were destroyed, including the Holy Spirit Church .

During the Swedish-Brandenburg War, the Brandenburgers besieged under Elector Friedrich Wilhelm Anklam from 1676 to 1679 and finally conquered the city. But they had to vacate them after the peace agreement. In 1696 it burned again. Between 1709 and 1710 the plague broke out in the city for the last time.

During the Great Northern War , Anklam was conquered in 1711 by an alliance of Saxons, Russians, Danes, Poles and Prussians ; the Swedish protection forces had to withdraw. In 1713 Anklam was sacked by the Russians. The tsar also prepared for the complete destruction of the city on Passion Sunday (Judika). He wanted to avenge the destruction of the city of Altona by the Swedes. The action was to be carried out by the Russian Major General Baron von Staff, who had already destroyed Wolgast . He got into an exchange of words with the Danish commodore Christian Thomsen Karl (called Carlson) on the market square . There was a duel in which Carlson died and was arrested by Staff. This prevented him from carrying out the order. The order was withdrawn on the Monday after Passion Sunday - the Danish king had successfully intervened with the tsar. Carlson has since been considered Anklam's savior. His deed is commemorated in the 21st century on the occasion of the Judika celebrations at the Anklamer Gymnasium.

The city's first post office opened in 1716; two years later the Löwenapotheke by Andreas Gottlieb Meyer. After the peace treaty in 1720, the city was divided. The part north of the Peene in New Western Pomerania remained in Swedish hands, the larger southern part in Old Western Pomerania came to Prussia. From then on, the Wesselsche Mühle on Peenedamm served as the town hall in the Swedish part. In 1728 Anklam became a garrison town and was given a military hospital on Brüderstraße. In 1732 the residents built the rifle house into which the Anklamer Theater would later move.

During the Seven Years' War , Swedish troops occupied the Prussian part of the city in January 1760 and captured the commander-in-chief of the Prussian troops in Pomerania, Lieutenant General Heinrich von Manteuffel . The fortifications in the northern part of the city were demolished. But soon afterwards the Swedes withdrew from Anklam.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Jews were active in the region, but were not allowed to settle in the city.

• 

  Anklam seen from the north 1615 ( Stralsund illuminated manuscript )

• 

  Anklam 1639 (city plan)

• 

  Anklam 1650 as a fortress town in Swedish Pomerania

• 

  Anklam 1724

19th century, Weimar Republic

Nikolaikirche and market square around 1880. The church tower burned down in the Second World War and is to be reconstructed as part of the Ikareum project .

After the Prussian defeat at Jena and Auerstedt , French troops marched into Anklam in 1806 and occupied the city until 1809. During this time, Anklam issued a new city constitution, which replaced the current law from 1353 and which is still in force with minor changes in the 21st century . The administration was reorganized and the number of mayors was reduced from three to one, who were assigned an alderman and a chamberlain. In 1813 a Landwehr battalion was formed which fought in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig . In his honor, the city's citizens planted a total of six poplars on October 19, 1814, which will still line Leipziger Allee in the 21st century. After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, New West Pomerania, which had previously remained Swedish, became Prussian. This also made the entire city Prussian. Jewish immigration began in 1812 and in 1841 a synagogue was opened on Mägdestrasse for the city's more than 200 Jews. In 1821 the pharmacist Kummer and the merchant Bluth created the Bluthsluster Park .

In 1827 the city fathers were able to open the first general city school with a building in Schulstrasse. In 1834 the first edition of a newspaper appeared in Anklam, the non-profit Anclamer Wochenblatt . In 1839 steam boats began operating on the Peene. In 1842 the city had the town hall demolished without having planned a replacement building beforehand. The magistrate moved into the extended and converted former garrison hospital in the Brüderstraße (later Herberge Zur Heimat). In 1876 the company moved to the main customs office, which had been converted into the "Rathaus an der Peene" (previously Buschick House). The building, which was expanded to include a tower in 1904, was destroyed in an air raid in 1945.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Stolper Tor was also torn down. The citizens saw the building as a traffic obstacle and had it dismantled. The stone gate should also be demolished, but the mayor Kirstein successfully intervened against it. On his initiative, the Anklamer Gymnasium was re-established in 1847. The Städtische Sparkasse opened in 1849. In the same year the city set up a bathing establishment on the Peene. Despite all the achievements, the last public execution took place in 1853 by beheading in the yard at the barn door. In 1857 the city was connected to the public gas network.

The population continued to grow and in 1860 exceeded the 10,000 mark for the first time. In 1861 the Anklamer Turnverein was founded. 1863 was Anklam a railway connection to the railway line Angermünde-Pasewalk-Anklam-Stralsund as a branch line of the Berlin-Stettin Railway . However, Kirstein failed with his attempt to upgrade Anklam to a branch station in the direction of Wolgast and Swinoujscie - the function went to the communities of Ducherow and Züssow. In 1848 14 merchant ships were at home in Anklam. Cholera broke out in 1848, and 400 people died in a new epidemic in 1866. However, these catastrophes did not harm the economic upturn: in 1867 and 1868, the aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal and his brother Gustav Lilienthal , both born in Anklam, built experimental devices to generate lift by flapping their wings. Later, Otto Lilienthal in particular became world-famous for his important experiments. In 1869 the brothers Helmut and Ludwig Müller built the first large industrial company in the city with an iron foundry. On the night of November 12, 1872, a storm surge penetrated from the bulwark to the lower parts of Peenstrasse and Burgstrasse and caused great damage there. In 1875 a hospital opened on Ravelinstrasse.

From 1812 Jews were able to settle in Anklam again. As early as 1843, the third largest Jewish community in the administrative district of Stettin was located in Anklam (after Stettin and Pasewalk ). In 1858 the Jews made up 2.72 percent of the population of Anklam. The Jewish community in Anklam reached its peak in numbers in 1861 with 311 members.

The post office opened in 1878. The Anklam sugar factory was founded in 1883 as a public limited company. The industrial revolution continued in the years that followed. In 1894 telephone traffic was started; a year later a warm bath opened in Anklam. In 1899, the buying and selling association expanded its storage space by building a new grain store. In 1905 the central water supply was completed and in 1921 the city was electrified .

An Anklamer workers 'and soldiers' council was founded on November 12, 1918 and on the following day celebrated a pageant that was described as the "overthrow of the government". In 1919 the SPD received 55.2% of the vote in the elections to the National Assembly. The new Peene bridge was inaugurated in 1927 and the sewage system was completed.

time of the nationalsocialism

On March 12, 1933 , the NSDAP received a total of 52.5% of the votes in the elections for the regional and district councils and for the city council . The SPD came second with 15.7%, the KPD with 4.9% of the vote in third place. The black-white-red battle front was much more successful, gaining 16.1% of the vote. With the victory of the National Socialists, the persecution of Jews began in Anklam through the boycott of Jewish shops . Many emigrated, others were expropriated . The synagogue was set on fire in the November pogrom in 1938 . 16 Jewish citizens were deported in 1940 , few survived. The Jewish cemetery sold in 1940 was returned in 1948 and turned into a memorial in 1956.

As an important economic factor, a garrison and an airfield were established in Anklam in 1936 during the German rearmament before the Second World War . In 1937, Arado Flugzeugwerke opened a plant in Anklam on the site of the former Muskate und Bethke machine factory. The population rose to over 20,000. Around 1,000 apartments for 4,000 people were built on both sides of Pasewalker Allee.

From 1940 to 1945 the Wehrmacht prison in Anklam , which was designed for 600 prisoners, but was mostly overcrowded, temporarily with up to 1,500 people. These had to do forced labor in the armaments factories in Anklams, but also in the Peenemünde Army Research Center . Wehrmacht soldiers convicted by military courts sat here . B. for desertion , self-mutilation, disobedience, etc. a. Numerous executions (at least 136) took place, the last shooting of two soldiers on April 26, 1945. The victims of the Nazi military justice have meanwhile been rehabilitated.

American bombing raids , including on the Arado works, destroyed large parts of the city center in 1943 (especially on October 9) and 1944. On April 29, 1945, the Red Army occupied Anklam. The city fathers negotiated with the Soviet major general Borstschew at Bluthsluster Strasse 3 about the surrender of the city without a fight. On the same day, Anklam was bombed by the German Air Force . Apart from Anklam, this only affected Freiburg im Breisgau and Eberswalde in Germany . Between 1943 and 1945, around 80% of the city center was destroyed by air raids, fighting and fires at the end of April 1945. From historically diverse ensemble of buildings with gabled houses of brick Gothic and Baroque and half-timbered buildings almost nothing remained.

GDR time

Monument to Otto Lilienthal, inaugurated in 1982

With the part of Western Pomerania that remained with Germany in 1945, Anklam became part of the newly formed state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Rudolf Klühs of the SPD was appointed interim mayor of the Red Army on May 18, 1945 and held this office until August 10, 1950. Around 5,000 resettlers came to Anklam. They were housed in the Raupe camp, the Cothenius school, the rifle house and the war school. On October 4, 1946, the Government Building Council of Weise submitted a construction plan from the Schwerin State Building Authority, which provided for the reconstruction of the city center. In 1947, the regional newspaper announced a competition, which the architect Hermann Elvers from Schwerin could win. In 1949, the city council and the district council decided to build a theater on the site of the former rifle house. After 1945, the city administration initially had no town hall. As an interim solution, the council moved to Pasewalker Straße 9, the Luisen-Lyzeum in Baustraße and Keilstraße 11 (later the district court). In 1952 the as yet unfinished new town hall building on the north side of the market square could be moved into, the east wing of which was only added in 2000.

View from the Nikolaikirchturm to the market square and Keilstraße around 1970

On July 1, 1950 Görke was incorporated by June 30, 1973.

After resolution of the countries in the GDR in 1952 was Anklam county seat of the same circle Anklam in Neubrandenburg . In 1953 the glider base was built at the gates of the city, which was named in honor of his great son "Otto Lilienthal". In 1956 the VEB Betonwerk Anklam was founded. In 1958 the department store opened on Marienkirchplatz. In 1960, the flight operations on the Anklamer airfield were taken up by the Interflug. In 1968 the GDR's first public swimming pool opened in Anklam. In 1973 the Fritz Reuter Ensemble was formed at the theater. 1978 saw the visit of the Soyuz-31 crew. Valery Fjodorowitsch Bykowski and by Sigmund Jähn ; the city decided to cultivate Lilienthal's legacy. In 1982 the Otto Lilienthal monument was presented on the market by Walther Preik made of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin .

From 1970, 1,091 new prefabricated apartments were built in the city center . From the mid-1960s, the Südstadt district was built with 1,640 apartments for around 5,000 residents and the Stadtwald district with 702 apartments. For the city's 725th anniversary in 1989, Anklam had around 21,300 inhabitants. On the occasion of the celebrations, the museum opened in the stone gate.

Since 1990

Excavations at Anklamer Markt, 2003 - foundations of the Gothic town hall. The prefabricated building in the background (west side of the market) was demolished in 2005 to make way for new buildings in the old town.

The new city council was constituted on May 31, 1990. The CDU was the strongest parliamentary group with 34% and elected Wolfgang Stiftt as the new mayor. A year later, the new Otto Lilienthal Museum opened during a Lilienthal festival week. From 1991 the renovation of the historic city center began with the market and from 1993 the prefabricated housing estate Südstadt with the help of urban development funding . At the same time, the Vorpommersche Kulturfabrik association took over the Anklamer Theater, which, under the direction of Wolfgang Bordel, expanded its commitment along the Baltic coast.

In 1994 Anklam became the district town of the East Western Pomerania district . The Peene Tor Bridge was opened to the public. It connects Peenestrasse with Greifswalder Strasse. During excavations in the Wollweberstrasse in 1995, the Anklam coin treasure with 2579 silver coins from the 13th century to 1629 came to light. A year later, the Lilienthal Center, a large department store complex, opened.

Due to unfavorable economic conditions and the persistently high unemployment , there was massive migration of the population to economically more promising regions from 1990 onwards. A particularly high rate of emigration was particularly evident among young, well-trained specialists.

In 1997 the waterworks in Pelsin took over the supply of the city with fresh drinking water. The water tower in Spantekower Landstrasse was shut down after 81 years of operation.
In 2003, as part of the redesign of the market square, extensive excavations were carried out for the remains of the medieval town hall.

On January 1, 2010, the formerly independent municipality of Pelsin was incorporated into the city of Anklam with the district Stretense.

In the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania district reform in 2011 , Anklam was initially intended as the seat of the newly formed district of Western Pomerania-Greifswald in September 2011. The state decided on the most populous city of Greifswald .

Since 2010, Anklam has had a positive immigration balance again. This development is accompanied by various new building projects in the city. The GDR prefabricated buildings on the market square were demolished by 2014. They are gradually being supplemented by small-scale, old town-friendly new buildings that refer to the destroyed pre-war buildings in Anklam. Furthermore, the so-called Hansequartier is planned on the Peene under the direction of the renowned architect Marc Kocher . The Anklam train station has become a youth center for the democracy train station . In addition, a major project for a leisure center is planned on the Peene under the name Maritimer Erlebnispark Anklam , which will open in 2018 at the earliest and offer up to 360 jobs.

History of the districts

Gellendin

Gellendin was first mentioned as Gelendin in 1285 . The Slavic foundation is interpreted as a stag . The place was an independent village until 1729, after which it was assigned to farms and in 1850 to the city of Anklam.

The place is about 4 kilometers south of Anklam. A Slavic settlement next to Gellendin and an early German tower hill prove the history of its development.

Pelsin

Pelsin was first mentioned in a document in 1254 as "Pallezsin". The Slavic name means "Schleichbach".

→ Main article : Pelsin

Stretense

Stretense was first mentioned in 1243 as "Tristensa". The Slavic founding name is interpreted as "the peaceful" or as "pipe".

Stretense was owned by the von Schwerin family until the middle of the 19th century. This was followed by the von Heyden-Linden family, who were also widespread in Western Pomerania with their headquarters in Kartlow. The latter was owned by the estate until 1945.

The Mecklenburg-Pomerania narrow-gauge railway had a branch from Dennin to Stretense. The railway brokered all freight and passenger traffic within its own routes to and from the standard-gauge stations. The main bulk goods to be transported were sugar beets, grain and other crops, mineral fertilizers, coal, building materials and granite boulders. In 1945, like all small-gauge railroads, it was dismantled and transported away as reparations to SU.

After 1945 the business was continued as VEG animal production, the manor house became a residential building and administrative accommodation. The manor house is built in a mixed neo-Gothic style, based on the Tudor style of the Kartlow Castle.

In terms of its layout, the village was a manor village with the dominant estate and the farm workers' list, but it continued to change after 1945. LPG buildings, housing developments and, after 1990, other commercial buildings expanded the area. The structure of the estate and the park have still largely been preserved and some of them have been reconstructed.

The octagonal chapel , which was built in 1909, stands in the cemetery .

Historical places

Hohenstein (desert)

Hohenstein was named Hoh in 1851 . Stone named in a document. This probably happened because at that time a road house was being built on the Landwehr with the Hoher Stein tower . It was thus classified as a locality. In 1998, the place was drawn in the topographic map of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. At the latest with the construction of the crossing-free driveway to the bypass, the last remains of the settlement will disappear, of course apart from the medieval watch tower, which is not to be regarded as part of the village.

Peendamm (historical)

Peendamm Mill

The Peendamm district was first mentioned as such in 1708. This probably happened because of the planned demarcation of 1720 between Prussia and Swedish Western Pomerania. From 1720 Peendamm belonged to Sweden and was therefore a separate municipality. The administration and court were located in the still existing mill. In 1815 this district came back to the city of Anklam and in 1859 it was still called "Anclamer Peendamm".

Schanzenberg (historical)

The district of Schanzenberg was first mentioned as such in 1865. Before that, the mountain in front of the city to the east was undeveloped. During the Thirty Years War, a hill was built there to protect the Peene entrance to Anklam. This probably existed even later in the Swedish era until 1720 and then on the part of Prussia as border security until 1815. Then a lime kiln was built there and this district was created. The place has now been integrated into Anklam, but the name still exists.

Wolf stable (historical)

Wolfstall was first mentioned as "Wulfsstart" in 1708 and in 1809 with the name "Wolfstall". It was a Dutch factory / Vorwerk on Peendamm. This Dutch factory was demolished in 1937 and a landfill was created there, which is still visible today, but covered.

Population development of Anklam. Above from 1350 to 2017. Below an excerpt from 1871

Population development

year	Residents
1350	3,000
1600	6,000
1722	1,853
1740	2,961
1755	3,319
1765	3,036
1770	3,278
1780	3.128
1790	3.224
1800	4,470
1875	11,781
1890	12,917

year	Residents
1910	15,279
1939	19,682
1950	20,160
1964	19,492
1981	20,496
1988	19,685
1990	18,989
1995	17,076
2000	15,826
2005	14,471
2010	13,433
2015	12,712

year	Residents
2016	12,635
2017	12,521
2018	12,385
2019	12,331

from 1990: as of December 31 of the respective year

politics

Election for city council 2019

in percent

 %

40

30th

20th

10

0

39.1

22.4

11.4

10.6

7.3

3.3

3.0

2.8

IfA

CDU

left

NPD

SPD

Free voters

EB Kohn

FDP

Gains and losses

compared to 2014

 % p

   8th

   6th

   4th

   2

   0

  -2

  -4

  -6

  -8th

-10

+7.2

-8.9

-4.1

+1.4

-2.6

+3.3

+3.0

+0.6

IfA

CDU

left

NPD

SPD

Free voters

EB Kohn

FDP

Town hall on the market square, Brunnen and Frauenstrasse

City council

The city council consists of 25 members. In 2009 the local elections had to be repeated for legal reasons, which led to a seat being moved. The most recent election to the city council took place on May 26, 2019

Political party	Seats 2004	Seats 2008	Seats 06/2009	Seats 09/2009	Seats 2014	Seats 02/2019	Seats 05/2019
IfA *	4th	5	8th	9	8th	7 b	10
CDU	9	7th	6th	6th	8th	8th	05
The left	4th	4th	4th	4th	4th	4th	03
NPD	-	1 a	2	2	2	2	02
SPD	3	3	2	2	2	2	02
Free voters	-	-	-	-	-	1 c	1 d
Individual applicant Bernd Kohn	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 d
FDP	-	-	1 a	1 a	1 a	1 a	01 a
UBL '94 **	3	3	2	1	-	-	-
City representative (non-attached)	-	1	-	-	-	-	-
All in all	25th	24	25th	25th	25th	25th	25th

^* IfA - Initiatives for Anklam

^** UBL '94 = Independent Citizens List

^a non-attached

^b parliamentary group excludes Friedrich Baumgärtner

^c Free voters Vorpommern-Greifswald nominate candidates for the district election

^d The representative of the Free Voters, Friedrich Baumgärtner, and individual applicant Bernd Kohn form a joint parliamentary group in the city council under the leadership of Friedrich Baumgärtner.

mayor

• since 2002: Michael Galander (Initiatives for Anklam)

In the mayoral election on May 27, 2018, Galander was confirmed in office for a further eight years with 78.0% of the valid votes.

Others

The city has an established right-wing extremist scene and is one of the neo - strongholds in Western Pomerania . However, there are also active projects and initiatives against right-wing extremism in Anklam.

coat of arms

Blazon : “In blue a tinned silver wall, in the middle of which an open gate with a golden roof and knob; on the wall a half erect, golden armored red griffin with a knocked out red tongue and an upturned tail with a golden tassel, holding a three-pronged golden ray in its claws. The coat of arms was adopted by the city in 1808, redrawn in 1995 and registered under number 89 of the coat of arms of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms, designed according to the seal image of the medieval city seal, symbolizes a fortified, well-fortified city with the battlements. While the red griffin as a symbol of the count family refers to the Duke of Pomerania as the founder and lord of the city, the beam - probably borrowed from the Stralsund city seal at the end of the 14th century - could remind of the Stralsund Peace of 1370, which continued to develop Anklam for a long time positively influenced.

flag

Seal of the city ​​of Anklam with coat of arms.

The flag was designed by Anklamer Jörg Schröder and approved on January 23, 1998 by the Ministry of the Interior.

The flag is striped in blue, white and red across the longitudinal axis of the flag cloth. The blue and red stripes each take up a quarter, the white stripe takes up half the length of the flag cloth. In the middle of the white stripe is the city's coat of arms, which takes up three fifths of the height of the flag. The length of the flag is related to the height as 5: 3.

Official seal

The official seal shows the city coat of arms with the inscription "HANSESTADT ANKLAM".

Town twinning

Town and municipality partnerships exist with:

• Heath (Schleswig-Holstein)
• Limbaži ( Lemsal , Latvia)
• Burlöv Municipality (Sweden)
• Gmina Ustka (rural community Stolpmünde , Poland)

Sights and culture

→ See also the list of architectural monuments in Anklam

Buildings

Gothic gabled house

Marienkirche

Nikolaikirche

Row of houses on Steinstrasse, the old post office in front

• St. Mary's Church , three-nave hall church of Gothic brick architecture from the 13th century with south tower, first mentioned in 1296
• Nikolaikirche , three-aisled brick Gothic hall church from the 14th century with west tower, burned out in 1945, renovated since 1995, is used for concerts and exhibitions
• Remains of the old town development
• Gothic gabled house, Frauenstrasse 12, with medieval components, 1451 first mention of a stone house at this point. Property owners are occupied for 1406 and 1471. Construction probably began in 1350. The gable can also be assigned to this period.
• Stone gate , 32 meters high, from around 1450, last preserved town gate, museum after reconstruction in 1989
• Poor house and work house in Anclam, built 1845–1849 based on a design by Friedrich August Stüler , initially an auxiliary penal institution for women, then Heilige-Geist-Stift and later after-work home. The administration building at Leipziger Allee 26 is u. a. Seat of the Lower Monument Protection Authority and is not a listed building.
• Former grammar school at Wollweberstrasse 1, built 1850–1852 according to a design by Moritz Gottgetreu , inaugurated on August 13, 1852 in the presence of Friedrich Wilhelm IV.
• Catholic parish church Salvator , 1901 to designs by Engelbert Seibertz built
• Hoher Stein , Landwehr Tower (first mentioned in 1412) in the south of the city
• Powder Tower (first mentioned in 1449) with parts of the former city wall
• Garrison church (1738–1740), profaned in 1854 and converted into an old people's home according to Stüler's design
• Dutch windmill on Peenedamm (1728), also called Wesselsche Mühle or Schwedenmühle. It is the rare type of a so-called roof dumpster, where the Dutch windmill is placed on top of a house.
• Kreuzkirche from 1953
• Manor house in the Stretense district
• Gellendin Tower Hill

Technical monuments

• Historic railway bridge (bascule bridge) over the Peene, replaced by a more modern structure in 2013, part of the bridge was preserved as a monument
• 110 kV line Anklam – Bansin , power line over the Peene, which is remarkable due to the unusual construction of its masts (cable bracing)

Monuments

• Monument to Otto Lilienthal , column made of fiberglass-reinforced polyester resin with a height of 16 m, designed by the Waren sculptor Walther Preik and erected on June 8, 1982 at Anklamer Markt. On December 5th, 2007 it got a new location at the horse market.
• Fallen monument, shows a roaring lion rearing up in agony. It was created by the sculptor August Kraus and inaugurated on August 7, 1928. Years of World War II were added later
• Memorial stone for the German victims of flight, expulsion and murder from the former German eastern territories at the end of and after the Second World War on the Wallanlage am Steintor (1995)
• Memorial stone for the 32 Polish victims of forced labor during the Second World War on the east side of the cemetery by the sculptor Bruno Giese (1950)
• Cenotaph for the victims of fascism in the city park by Robert Petermann and Bruno Giese (1975)
• Memorial for the KPD chairman Ernst Thälmann in the city park by Bruno Giese (1965). After the desecration, the memorial has been kept in the museum since 1992.
• Memorial stone for the anti-fascist resistance fighter Ernst Pieritz, who died in Gollnow prison in 1943, in front of the former apprentice dormitory on Bluthsluster Strasse (1950s). Since 1990 a street named after him has been redesigned.
• Memorial and memorial for the victims of the Shoah at the former Jewish cemetery with 32 restored gravestones and a memorial stele by Bruno Giese

Park

• Bluthsluster Park in the north-east of the city, was created around 1820 on the initiative of the Anklam businessman Friedrich Bluth. The area, the entrance gate and the adjacent public swimming pool are entered in the state monument list.

Museums

Otto Lilienthal Museum

• Otto Lilienthal Museum , one of the nationally significant cultural memorials , has been honored with national and international awards
• City and regional history museum in the Steintor , is dedicated to the cultural area Peenetal and the Hanseatic city history shaped by the river. The Anklam coin treasure, discovered in 1995, is one of the most important objects .

Vorpommersche Landesbühne

Theater and cinema

• Vorpommersche Landesbühne
• Anklam cinema center

Regular events

• International Trabi meeting
• Airfield party
• Hanseatic Festival
• Music mile
• “Die Peene burns”, open-air theater of the Vorpommersche Landesbühne Anklam
• Anklamer summer music series in St. Marien

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Peene with pedestrian bridge and city harbor

The federal highways B 109 ( Greifswald – Anklam – Pasewalk ), B 110 ( Demmin – Anklam– Swinemünde ), B 197 (Anklam– Neubrandenburg ) and B 199 (Anklam – Anklam motorway junction ) run in a star shape towards the city. The Anklam junction of the A 20 (Rostock– Uckermark triangle ) is 25 kilometers west of the city .

Anklam station on the Angermünde – Stralsund railway line is served by the RE3 regional express line in the direction of Stralsund and Berlin every two hours. There are also some ICE and IC trains stopping at the station during the day.

The inland port of Anklam handles freight traffic across the Peene .

Anklam airfield is located south of the city .

education

• Primary school "Brothers Grimm"
• Primary school "Villa Kunterbunt"
• Cothenius elementary school (no longer independent since September 2006; now a branch of the "Villa Kunterbunt")
• Evangelical school
• "Friedrich Schiller" secondary school
• Lilienthal high school
• Regional school "Käthe Kollwitz"
• House of Education (Adult Education Center)
• Kleeblattschule Anklam - special school with a special focus on intellectual development
• Biberburg Anklam Support Center

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Maximilian von Schwerin-Putzar (1804–1872), District Administrator in the Anklam district, Prussian minister and liberal politician

Otto Lilienthal

sons and daughters of the town

→ Main article : List of sons and daughters of the city of Anklam

The most famous personalities born in Anklam include Otto Lilienthal and his brother Gustav Lilienthal .

Other people who worked and lived in Anklam

• Albrecht Elzow (unknown – 1698), city councilor and treasurer in Anklam, heraldist and genealogist
• Andreas Kretzschmer (1775–1839), lawyer and folk song researcher, lived and worked in Anklam
• Joseph Lewin Wertheim (1784–1863), ancestor of the Wertheim department store family
• Gustav Spörer (1822–1895), astronomer, worked as a teacher and professor of mathematics and natural science at the municipal high school in Anklam
• Eduard Beintker (1853–1926), school teacher and local history researcher, from 1879 at Anklam High School; published a number of articles on the history of Anklamer
• Max Wagenknecht (1857–1922), composer, lived and worked as an organist and composer in Anklam
• Otto Bollnow (1877–1959), school teacher and local history researcher, was the school principal at the 3rd elementary school in Anklam from 1914 to 1936
• Konrad Adolf Lattner (1896–1979), painter, lived and worked in Anklam
• Hermann Bollnow (1906–1962), historian, grew up in Anklam and was a teacher at the Luisenschule here
• Uwe Johnson (1934–1984), writer, spent his childhood and early school years in Anklam
• Michael Andrejewski (* 1959), politician and lawyer, member of the city council for the NPD

literature

• Museum im Steintor (ed.): Anklam - settlement on the river. A history of over 1000 years . Anklam 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-027567-8
• Rosemarie Fret : Anklam (interior views) . Konrad-Reich-Verlag, Rostock 1991, ISBN 3-86167-028-3
• Historical district museum Neubrandenburg (Hrsg.): Local history yearbook of the district Neubrandenburg - Neubrandenburg mosaic 1984 - . 1984
• Manfred Niemeyer: East Western Pomerania . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . Pp. 102/118/146
• Nordlicht Verlag (ed.): Festschrift - 750 Years of Anklam: Moments from Past and Present , Karlshagen / Anklam March 2014

Web links

Commons : Anklam  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Ancklam in the Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Wikivoyage: Anklam  - travel guide

• Literature about Anklam in the state bibliography MV
• City history. In: Museum im Steintor. Retrieved October 5, 2010 . 
• Anklam builds - Citizens portal on urban development and construction in the city of Anklam
• Integrated urban development concept (ISEK) of the city of Anklam

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ↑ Vorpommersche Dorfstraße ( Memento of November 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Organization for the Preservation of Regional Structures, Quote: “Anklam - Hanseatic City, gateway to the island of Usedom and city of the aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal” , accessed on November 3, 2014.
3. ↑ Hanseatic City of Anklam .
4. ↑ Project sketch for the German-Polish development concept for the cross-border metropolitan region of Szczecin ( memento of July 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Ministry of Energy, Infrastructure and Regional Development MV, accessed on November 4, 2014.
5. ^ Main statute of the Hanseatic city of Anklam, § 13
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 5 ff.
7. ^ Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler (ed.): Codex Juris Municipalis Germaniae . Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages. Published by Ferdinand Enke, Erlangen 1867, p. 47 ( online [accessed May 27, 2015]).
8. ^ ^{A b} Ernst Eichler : City name book of the GDR. Leipzig 1988, p. 41.
9. ^ Gerhard Becker: On the early church and settlement history of Anklam
10. ↑ ^{a b} Joachim Wächter: On the history of the settlement of the middle Peeneraum . In: Contributions to the history of Western Pomerania: the Demmin Colloquia 1985–1994. Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 1997, ISBN 3-931185-11-7 , p. 336 f.
11. ↑ Steffen Orgas: Obituary for a monastery - The Augustinian Hermits in Anklam . In: Pomerania - magazine for culture and history . 55th year, no. 1 , 2017, p. 14-19 .
12. ↑ ^{a b c} Steffen Orgas: The Lives of Others - Jews in Anklam . In: Pomerania - magazine for culture and history . 51st volume, issue 3, 2013, p. 12-20 .
13. ↑ ^{a b c} Steffen Orgas: The Gothic Anklamer Town Hall and the viewpoint of Friedrich Wilhelm IV on its demolition . In: Pomerania - magazine for culture and history . 53rd volume, issue 2, 2015, p. 36-40 .
14. ↑ ^{a b} Steffen Orgas: Comparative study on the regional importance of the Peene-Hanseatic cities Anklam and Demmin . In: Baltic Studies - Pomeranian Yearbooks for National History . tape 95 NF 2009. Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2010, p. 43-54 .
15. ↑ ^{a b} Steffen Orgas: Outline of the history of brick production and building with brick in Anklam . In: Baltic Studies - Pomeranian Yearbooks for National History . tape 101 NF 2015. Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2016, p. 37-66 .
16. ↑ Antoine Henri Baron de Jomini : Traité des grandes opérations militaires, contenant l'Histoire critique des Campagnes de Frédéric II, comparées à celles de l'Empereur Napoléon, avec un recueil des principes généraux de l'Art de la guerre , 2nd ed Vol. 3, Magimel Librairie de l'Art Militaire, Paris 1811. p. 244.
17. ^ E. Wendt & Co. (Ed.): Overview of the Prussian Merchant Navy . Stettin January 1848, p. 1 ( online [accessed May 27, 2015]).
18. ↑ Heinz Bemowsky: Anklam. In: I. Diekmann (Ed.): Guide through the Jewish Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Potsdam 1998, p. 67 ff.
19. ↑ Andreas Wagner: "In Anklam, however, hell receives me ...". Documentation on the history of the Wehrmacht prison in Anklam. Ed. V. Political Memorials Schwerin, ISBN 3-933521-06-8 .
20. ^ Jantje Hannover: Destruction and rescue at the last minute. The end of the war in the neighboring cities of Anklam and Greifswald. In: deutschlandradiokultur.de . April 29, 2005, accessed April 16, 2015 . 
21. ↑ The fate of German monuments in the Second World War. Edited by Götz Eckardt. Henschel-Verlag, Berlin 1978. Volume 1. Therein: Arno Krause: District Neubrandenburg. Anklam. Pp. 97-103.
22. ^ Area changes in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 1.1. until December 31, 2010. (PDF; 96 kB) Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, January 25, 2011, p. 2 , accessed on May 28, 2015 . 
23. ↑ "Cabinet decides to reform the district", Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania state portal , February 10, 2009 ( Memento from January 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
24. ^ "Landtag approves administrative and district reform. New districts and district towns have been determined ” ( Memento from August 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania state portal , July 7, 2010.
25. ↑ A city fights change , Nordkurier, print edition: Blickpunkt, p. 2, November 4, 2014.
26. ↑ Oliver Wunder: It is done. Demolition of the prefabricated building on Anklamer Markt. In: Nordkurier . October 29, 2013, accessed May 28, 2015 . 
27. ↑ Hansequartier: New construction of a city quarter in the historic old town center of Anklam , Marc Kocher Architects, accessed on November 4, 2014.
28. ^ Democracy train station - the youth and cultural center in Anklam . In: Demokratieiebahnhof.de .
29. ↑ Model project: Democracy station Anklam, Jugend.Stadt.Labor , BBSR, accessed on November 4, 2014.
30. ↑ Maritimer Erlebnispark Anklam ( Memento from November 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Immovital, public planning concept with visualizations (Version 1.1 from February 20, 2013), accessed on November 4, 2014.
31. ^ Hubertus Neuschäffer: Western Pomerania's castles and mansions . Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft 1993, p. 190, ISBN 3-88042-636-8 .
32. ↑ Population development of the districts and municipalities in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Statistical Report AI of the Statistical Office Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
33. ↑ Preliminary final result for the election of the city council in the Hanseatic city of Anklam on May 26, 2019 (PDF, accessed on May 8, 2020)
34. ^ Parliamentary group excludes Friedrich Baumgärtner . Initiatives for Anklam e. V. January 25, 2017. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
35. ↑ Free voters Vorpommern-Greifswald nominate candidates for the district council election. February 3, 2019, accessed on February 25, 2019 (German). 
36. ↑ political groups. Retrieved October 30, 2019 . 
37. ^ CV Michael Galander
38. ^ Main statute of the Hanseatic city of Anklam, § 7
39. ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 27, 2018
40. ^ Astrid Geisler: Established right-wing extremists in Anklam: The city without witnesses . In: www.taz.de . 4th October 2010.
41. ↑ 3sat.online: Dear viewer - . In: www.3sat.de .
42. ^ Federal Council paper: Anklam - Capital of the German Neo-Nazis? - Nordkurier.de . September 21, 2015.
43. ↑ Anklam - Capital of the German Neo-Nazis? ( Memento from July 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
44. ^ Right-wing extremist everyday culture in Anklam: With Mutti to the "New Dawn" - Belltower News . In: www.netz-gegen-nazis.de .
45. ↑ n-tv news: NPD spreads almost unhindered in Anklam .
46. ^ "Refugees in Anklam - NPD stronghold - Asylum seekers town? - Break down prejudices - ZDF country mirror "- ZDF country mirror. Recording of the contribution on YouTube.
47. ^ Christian Bangel: Local journalists: Better not to write about neo-Nazis. In: Zeit Online. April 25, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2016 . 
48. ↑ Hans-Heinz Schütt: On shield and flag production office TINUS, Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814380-0-0 , p. 355 ff.
49. ↑ ^{a b} main statute § 1 (PDF).
50. ↑ Hanseatic city of Anklam: Sister cities / Hanseatic city of Anklam . In: anklam.de .
51. ↑ Steffen Orgas: The Anklam "Gothic Gabled House" Frauenstrasse 12. May it bear this name? In: Pomerania - magazine for culture and history . 56th volume, issue 3, 2018, p. 11-15 .
52. ↑ Steffen Orgas: Friedrich August Stüler and his work for Anklam - The rediscovery of the “poor and work house at Anclam” . In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania . Born in 2009. Schwerin 2010, p. 17-22 .
53. ↑ Steffen Orgas: "... nothing worth mentioning" in Anklam - a Schinkel student corrects his master. Moritz Gottgetreu's Anklamer grammar school . In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania . Born in 2006. Schwerin 2007, p. 45-54 .
54. ↑ Erica Fischer, Simone Ladwig-Winters: The Wertheims: History of a family. Rowohlt Verlag 2004, pp. 13-22.