Döhlener Kunstschacht
| New Döhlen art shaft | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
| Mining technology | Longwall mining | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Zauckerode Royal Coal Works | ||
| Start of operation | 1806 | ||
| End of operation | 1883 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Mightiness | 4.50 m | ||
| Greatest depth | 190.80 | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 0 '35.3 " N , 13 ° 39' 16.1" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Döhlen | ||
| local community | Freital | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains. | ||
| country | Free State of Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Döhlener Kunstschacht was a dewatering and extraction shaft in the hard coal area of the Döhlen basin in the area of the city of Freital in Saxony . It was used to drain the pit on the left of the Weißeritz , which belonged to the Zauckerode Royal Coal Works .
history
Old Döhlen art shaft
The first art shaft on Döhlener Flur (old Döhlener art shaft) dug the von Schönbergschen coal works in 1740. The at 165 m above sea level. The shaft set up above sea level reached a depth of 103.50 meters. The 4.5 m thick first seam was cut from about 40 meters . In 1795 a new set of art was created here. The pumps were powered by an undershot artificial wheel 18 cubits (10.20 meters) in diameter. The artificial wheel hung in an artificial ditch, which brought the water from the ditch of the Red Mill over a distance of 335 Lachter (664 meters) . It turned 6.5 times a minute. In 1807 the old artificial wheel was replaced by a new wheel with a diameter of 20 cubits (11.33 meters). The dewatering at the Alten Döhlener Kunstschacht was given up on September 26, 1820 after the steam engine at the Neuer Zauckeroder Kunstschacht was put into operation.
(New) Döhlener Kunstschacht
After the Schönberg factory was taken over by the Königliche Steinkohlenwerke Zauckerode on January 1, 1806, the state planned a new, high-performance drainage shaft. The shaft started on March 9, 1804 by August Friedrich Christoph von Schönberg was used for this purpose. This new art shaft, only 40 meters southwest of the old Döhlen art shaft at 164.70 m above sea level, was sunk in 1806. The shaft disc measured 2.55 × 7.56 meters. In the same year the depth was set at 47 meters. The artificial ditch of the Rote Mühle was used as a source of power for the artifacts. The artificial wheel with a diameter of 24 cubits (13.60 meters), installed in October 1806 at the location of the Rote Mühle, was protected by a half-timbered building with a turret. The bell in the rider struck once per revolution, indicating that the system was functioning. The power transmission to the shaft took place via a 212 Lachter (420 meter) long artificial rod. Twelve pump sets, each eight meters high and 15 inches in diameter, were installed in the shaft to lift the water towards each other. With one rod stroke, 88.2 liters of water could be dissolved. The construction costs for the artifacts amounted to 18,500 thalers.
In February 1807 a stretch of up to 1.5 m came up to the Wiederitz . This broke through the mountain fortress and the water streamed into the Döhlener Baue at the break of day and flooded it up to 2.80 meters below the hanging bench . The old art could only swamp the mine building slowly, so that a breakthrough to the new shaft was created and the water masses were then quickly raised there with two art movements. The artifacts went into operation for the first time on April 18, 1807.
On April 7, 1808, a flood of the river Wiederitz and the break of the Zaucker or artificial pond led to a water ingress into the mine workings, which resulted in 9 deaths. The workover works were completed on May 20, 1808. In the same year, the Weißeritz tunnel also reached the shaft at a depth of 14.60 meters. In addition to dewatering, the Döhlen art shaft was also used to mine coal . There was initially a four-man reel for this purpose .
On June 26, 1824, the mine workings were flooded again by a flood. The art shaft was under water up to 23.60 meters below the hanging bench. The deep Weißeritz tunnel was also broken by the flood, so that the water had to be raised again for days. The swamps could not begin until July 10, 1824. It was not until November 1st, 1824 that the mine workings were again water-free.
In 1839 there was a breakthrough with a stretch of the Tiefen Elbstolln that had been driven from the shaft since 1823 . The shaft was buried in 1837 up to the 1st main line at 78.80 meters. The first seam, which is 4.50 m thick, was cut from about 65 meters. A horse goblet has now been set up to promote this . The promotion took place via a hunt standing on a conveyor frame . On November 1, 1841, the first main line was promoted. On May 26, 1843, the construction of a steam hoisting machine began on the shaft. The machine was installed by Constantin Pfaff (Chemnitz). It was an 18 HP high-pressure machine with a balancer, which also served as a drive for the drainage system. The shaft had meanwhile been sunk up to the second main section at 102.60 meters. The 2nd seam with a thickness of 0.40 meters at 79.00 meters, the 3rd seam with a thickness of 1.00 meters at 85.00 meters and the 4th seam with a thickness of 1.10 meters intersected at 96.60 meters. The 3rd and 4th seam consists of only one fire and coal slate, the 2nd seam of coal clay. The steam engine went into operation on December 16, 1843. In 1851 the shaft was up to III. Main stretch, which was posted at 126.40 meters, was further sunk. At the same time, the shaft disk was extended by 1.13 meters at one end to make space for a wooden hanging strand. In 1852 the shaft was excavated up to the fourth main line at 158.10 meters and expanded as an art, conveying and driving shaft.
For the Albertsbahn AG railway line, which was built between 1853 and 1855, the shaft's field rods had to be raised. After the railway line was opened on June 28, 1855, the shaft was connected at its own expense. On November 19, 1855, the first coal was loaded for rail transport.
On April 9, 1856, the Saxon King John of Saxony drove the mine workings at the shaft.
In 1857/1858 the shaft was sunk to the fifth main line at 189.80 meters. The final depth with the swamp was 190.8 meters.
After the attempt in 1861 to dig a new shaft to develop the deep field south of the artificial shaft had failed, in 1863 the plan was made to further dig the artificial shaft up to the VII main line. However, the plan was abandoned in favor of the Queen Carola Shafts , which were sunk on June 3, 1873 . On June 26, 1876, the breakthrough took place from the new mine into the Döhlen district.
After the coal reserves in the mining area were exhausted, operations were stopped. The Queen-Carola-Schacht took over the dewatering, so that on March 3, 1883, the artifacts could be protected. On March 24, 1883, the last coal was mined. The shaft was then filled and the operating facilities demolished.
Today nothing is left of the facilities of the Döhlen art shaft.
literature
- Eberhard Gürtler, Klaus Gürtler: The coal mining in the Döhlen basin part 2 - shafts on the left of the Weißeritz . House of Homeland Freital, 1984
- Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology / Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hrsg.): The Döhlener basin near Dresden . Geology and Mining (= mining in Saxony . Volume 12 ). Freiberg 2007, ISBN 3-9811421-0-1 , p. 264 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony . 1906, p. 19
- ↑ Constantin Pfaff: Steam Carrier. In: albert-gieseler.de. Retrieved March 29, 2017 .