New Zaucker or art shaft

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Site plan of the Zauckeroder Kunstschacht (1831)
Vertical section through the artificial shaft (1831)

The Zauckeroder Kunstschacht was a dewatering and extraction shaft in the hard coal field of the Döhlen basin in the area of ​​the city of Freital in Saxony . It was used to drain the pit on the left of the Weißeritz , which belonged to the Zauckerode Royal Coal Works .

history

After the failure of the Zaucker or art shaft as a result of the flood of the Wiederitz on April 7, 1808, from June 1809 the at 190  m above sea level. New art shaft posted above sea ​​level sunk . In the course of the Franco-Austrian War , on June 12, 1809, between Pennrich and Steinbach , a battle between Saxon and Austrian troops broke out. The occupation of the area and the looting by the Austrian troops temporarily stopped the work of the devil. As a result, the work continued. The overshot artificial wheel was 22 cubits (12.46 meters) in diameter . It had been built into the Kunstradstube in the Zauckeroder Kunstschacht. The connection to the Neuer Zauckeroder Kunstschacht was made via a 46 Lachter (91.20 meter) long artificial rod. On May 22nd, 1811 the breakthrough between the Döhlener and Zauckeroder districts took place in the bottom of the Tiefen Weißeritz tunnel. This also drained the Zauckeroder district through the Tiefen Weißeritz tunnel. The artificial shaft had meanwhile been sunk 52 meters to the 1st gezeug section. The shaft was connected to the Tiefen Weißeritz adit via a 115 meter long cross passage. However, the shaft had no connection to the old mine workings, so that when it was put into operation in mid-November 1811, only the shaft water could be lifted. On December 9th, a drill hole was used in the bottom of the 1st Gezeug route to penetrate the Zaucker or artificial shaft. This allowed the Zauckeroder area to be swamped again.

In 1815, a cross passage to the north was driven to investigate the lying at the level of the 1st Gezeug section. The second seam with a thickness of 0.42 meters was found here after 33.70 meters . It consisted only of fire slate and was called a fox because of its reddish color. After a further 19.80 meters, the third seam was passed. The 1.40 meter thick seam consists of 2 banks with an intermediate mean of 0.57 meters thick. In 1816 the seam was examined 38.90 meters on strike. However, it was only worth building over a length of 4 to 6 meters. The investigation was then abandoned.

In the permit issued by King Friedrich August I on July 26, 1817 to build the Tiefen Elbe tunnel , the art shaft functioned as the end point and 10th light hole of the tunnel set up in Briesnitz on the Elbe . In the meantime, the shaft had been sunk over the second gezeug section with a depth of 69 meters to the level of the Elbe tunnel with a depth of 81 meters. At a depth of 63 meters, the 3.50 meter thick first seam was cut. The artifacts were no longer sufficient to lift the water that arises when the tunnel was driven from the level of the Elbe tunnel. A steam engine was to be built as a replacement. The king issued the approval for this on September 5, 1817. The machine was built by Freiberg foreman Carl Gottfried Röhling under the guidance of machine director Christian Friedrich Brendel . The planned completion of the machine at the end of 1818 had to be postponed several times. The new technology had its pitfalls. It was only after many attempts that it was put into service on May 4, 1820. Even during operation, changes to the machine kept coming to a standstill. The pump sets, which are usually made of wood, had to be replaced by cast iron. When the machine was put into operation, the water had risen up to the 1st Gezeug section. Only on July 24, 1820 could all 10 pump sets of the machine be attached. From May 1, 1818 to April 1820, Carl Gottfried Röhling was employed as a machine foreman at the Zaucker or hard coal works to oversee the construction of the steam engine. On June 9, 1920, the Zauckeroder Kunstgezeug was protected. Due to the connection to the Döhlen district via the 1st Gezeug section, the artificial tools in the old Döhlen art shaft could also be protected on September 26th . On November 23, 1822, the breakthrough between the two districts took place on the 2nd Gezeug route. After this work, the Tiefen Elbstolln was driven from the art shaft. In 1821 only 22 laughers (43.60 meters) had come up. In 1823 a Harz weather set was installed in the shaft to ventilate the tunnel . In 1826 the drifted tunnel length was 240 pods (475.75 meters). In 1827 the ninth light hole was reached.

On June 26th, 1824 there was another flood in which the mine workings were affected. After the failure of the artifacts at the Döhlener Kunstschacht due to the flooding of the Weißeritz, the steam engine at the Zauckeroder Kunstschacht was not able to lift all the water that was sitting there. The water of the Weißeritz was 1.50 meters above the bottom of the Tiefen Weißeritz tunnel, so that it could no longer drain the uplifted water. The steam engine then went out of operation. On June 26th 1824 there was also a quarry in the bed of the Wiederitz, so that about 45 m³ of stream water per minute fell into the mine workings. The water in the mine workings then rose to 33 meters above the Elbe tunnel. The swamping of the mine workings could only be started on July 10, 1824 with the Döhlen art shaft. The steam engine of the Zauckeroder Kunstschacht did not go back into operation until August 31, 1824. The handling of the waters could only be completed on November 1, 1824.

In order to be able to continue to mine coal, the seam, up to 2 meters thick, was mined from the outcrop or with small shafts up to 1.50 meters deep.

In 1832 a 144-meter-long stretch was driven from the Kunstschacht in the Elbe Tollsole under the Oppelschacht, which was sunk from 1833.

In 1840 a steam engine was put into operation on the Oppelschacht . With this machine, the Oppelschacht took over the drainage and coal extraction of the Zaucker or Kunstschacht. This was then dropped and backfilled.

literature

  • Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony. 1906, pp. 20-44
  • Eberhard Gürtler, Klaus Gürtler: The coal mining in the Döhlen basin part 2 - shafts on the left of the Weißeritz . House of Homeland Freital, 1984
  • Wolfgang Reichel: History of the Royal Coal Works in Plauenschen Grund in Sächsische Heimatblätter 33rd volume, issue 4/1987 pp. 184–192
  • Sächsische Heimatblätter 59th volume, issue 2/2013 pp. 116–125
  • Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology / Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hrsg.): The Döhlener basin near Dresden . Geology and Mining (=  mining in Saxony . Volume 12 ). Freiberg 2007, ISBN 3-9811421-0-1 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 1 ″  N , 13 ° 38 ′ 25.8 ″  E