Deep Weißeritz tunnel
The deep Weißeritz tunnel is a water dissolving tunnel over six kilometers long in the hard coal field of the Döhlen basin in the area of the city of Freital in Saxony . It was used to drain the pit on the left of the Weißeritz, which belonged to the Zauckerode Royal Coal Works . The tunnel mouthhole in Potschappel is part of the mining monuments in Freital as a cultural monument under state protection.
prehistory
Before the construction of the Tiefen Weißeritz tunnel, attempts were made to use the arts to lift the sedentary waters of the coal mining around the seam. The success was rather moderate. The 1900 meter long Clauß-Stolln, driven from 1727 on, drained the Kohlsdorf-Pesterwitz secondary hollow. The Burkhard tunnel, struck on February 7, 1747, was the first larger tunnel in the main area to the left of the Weißeritz with a length of 1296 meters.
On November 4, 1788, Vice-Caster Carl Wilhelm von Oppel signed a mining contract with the brothers Johann Gottfried and Johann Gotthelf Hermsdorf from Niederhermsdorf on behalf of the Freiberg Mining Authority to supply the Freiberg huts with hard coal. In the quarter luciae the investigation work began. In 1791 the Freiberg Consortium Coal Works was founded and the Leopold Erbstolln was struck to remove water from the mine field. On August 2, 1793, the consortium ceded the mine field and all rights to the Freiberg Gnadengroschenkasse. In 1798, the proposal to drive a deep tunnel to drain the mine field was discussed by von der Weißeritz. This tunnel would bring a saigere depth of 54.65 meters in the Leopold Erbstolln area .
By the elector's highest rescript of July 19, 1799, the tax authorities took over the mine field in return for the reimbursement of advances made in the amount of 10,667 talers, 22 groschen and 6 pfennigs. The mine building now traded under the name of the Elector's Stone Coal Works Leopold Erbstolln near Niederhermsdorf and its accessories. In the same year, the preparation for driving the Tiefen Weißeritz tunnel began. The 270-meter-long Rösche site on the land border with Dölzschen was acquired by the owner of the iron hammer , Johann Gottfried Ulbricht.
On October 28, 1800, was carried presumption and investiture of the depths Weißeritzstollns as Beilehn to Leopold Erbstolln to low Hermsdorf.
history
The tunneling of the tunnel, which was cut at 153 m above sea level, began in 1800 under the supervision of Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Lindig, the shift supervisor of the Leopold Erbstolln. After driving 510 meters in the Pesterwitz porphyry range below the Jochhöh , in 1803 the third light hole was reached at a depth of approx. 17 meters, the first seam in the Kohlsdorf-Pesterwitz secondary hollow. After a further 60 meters of tunneling in the seam, the work was temporarily stopped when the 4th light hole was reached.
In 1804, the deputy entrant, Friedrich Wilhelm Wagner, worked out cost estimates for 6 different variants of the further tunnel route. The porphyry of the Burgwartberg or the Sauberges should be explored in the shortest possible way. A Lachter drive in the porphyry cost 45 thalers, in the Rotliegend only 10 thalers. In the operating plan drawn up for the Royal Zauckerode Coal Works in 1805, the further advance of the Weißeritz tunnel was planned. On December 15, 1805, the advance of the Sauberger Stolln wing in the direction of Döhlen was started. The starting point was 462 meters between the 2nd and 3rd light hole. From February 1806 on-site and counter-site operations were started from light holes 5, 6, 7 and 8, as well as the Schönbergschacht. In order to be able to implement the project quickly, however, the necessary specialists were missing. That is why the Johanngeorgenstadt Mining Authority delegated 25 double houses and 15 workers to drive the Weißeritz tunnel and the Leopold tunnel. In 1907 another 15 miners came, probably from the Wettin coal mines. After 738 meters, the breakthrough took place on September 12, 1808. The tunnel was then driven with the inclusion of the Winkelschachtes, the Augustschachtes, the Heinrichschachtes, the Ziegelschachtes and the light holes 9 and 10 in the seam to the Zaucker or Kunstschacht . The breakthrough took place after a driveway length of 1228 meters on May 22, 1811.
After the breakthrough, the tunnel in the seam was driven further in the direction of Niederhermsdorf. As a result of the coal shortage caused by the Wars of Liberation , unprofitable fields were also mined earlier. So in 1814 the 6th light hole in the Kohlsdorf-Pesterwitz secondary hollow was also used to mine the 1.50 meter thick first seam.
In order to achieve a short connection between the tunnel mouth hole and the Zauckeroder art shaft, the tunnel driving was resumed from the 4th light hole through the Burgwartsberg . Here, too, the work was carried out in on-site and on-site operation from light holes 12, 13, 14 and 17. The breakthrough occurred after 1257 meters in 1817. The Burgwartsberg tunnel wing brought in a floor 1 meter deeper at the Zauckeroder Kunstschacht opposite the Sauberger tunnel wing. Furthermore, a wing was raised to the Döhlen art shaft. The Antoni shaft and the light holes 18 and 19 served as auxiliary shafts. The length of the driveway is 586 meters.
With the hard coal mandate of September 10, 1822, the Weißeritz tunnel now had the right to raise the tunnel ninth when driving under the mine workings of neighboring coal works. Furthermore, he was entitled to cut the tunnel in these mines. This led to the intensification of the drive in the direction of Niederhermsdorf, which until now had barely got beyond the 16th light hole, 165 meters from the Zaucker or Kunstschacht.
On June 26, 1824, there was a flood in which large parts of the tunnel were destroyed. The water was 1.50 meters above the tunnel sole. Part of the tunnel sections excavated in the seam was not cleared again, but the tunnel was excavated as a break in the lying of the seams.
During the further advance, shafts lying on the tunnel were used as light holes. So the Ludwigschacht, the Kühnelschacht, the Bormannschacht, the lower shaft and the Gottliebschacht. Light hole 20 was sunk in the area of the mouth of the Leopold tunnel.
When the depth Elbstolln broke through into the area in 1836, the Weißeritz tunnel had reached a length of 6517 meters. The costs up to then amounted to 175,810 thalers, 21 groschen and 8.5 pfennigs. Although the Weißeritz tunnel has now been disinherited by the Elbe tunnel, it was decided to drive it further into the field. From 1839 the 21st light hole was dug . In 1842, 35.70 meters from the 21st light hole to the west, the building quality limit of the 1st seam was reached and the drive stopped. In the first quarter of 1844, the Weißeritz tunnel between Neu Leopoldschacht and the 21st light hole was thrown from 310 meters to 10 meters in front of the light hole.
After the resumption of mining in this part of the field on February 15, 1935, the 21st light hole, which was still open, was opened up again as the Niederhermsdorf mine and made mobile. It then served as a production shaft until the stocks were finally exhausted on January 28, 1952. During this time, the Weißeritz tunnel was extended by approx. 235 meters to the west. This means that its total length is approximately 6900 meters.
In the building of the tool works from 1801 the Obersteiger Halm set up the (no longer existing) inn "Zum Steiger". The Stollnmundloch was later directly in their garden.
literature
- Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony. 1906, pp. 20-44
- Eberhard Gürtler, Klaus Gürtler: The coal mining in the Döhlen basin part 2 - shafts on the left of the Weißeritz . House of Homeland Freital, 1984
- Wolfgang Reichel: History of the Royal Coal Works in Plauenschen Grund in Sächsische Heimatblätter 33rd volume, issue 4/1987 pp. 184–192
- Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology / Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hrsg.): The Döhlener basin near Dresden. Geology and Mining (= mining in Saxony . Volume 12 ). Freiberg 2007, ISBN 3-9811421-0-1 , p. 196, 200, 259–260, Appendix 6 ( digital copies [accessed on May 29, 2015]).
Individual evidence
- ↑ In Saxony, the spelling Stolln is used instead of Stollen. "Tiefer Weißeritzstolln" as a proper name is spelled correctly.
Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′ 59 ″ N , 13 ° 40 ′ 0 ″ E