Rähnitz

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Rähnitz
District of the state capital Dresden
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 10 ″  N , 13 ° 44 ′ 13 ″  E
Height : 211 m
Incorporation : 1919
Incorporated into: Rähnitz-Hellerau
Postal code : 01109
Area code : 0351

Rähnitz is a district of Dresden . It is located in the north of the Saxon state capital near the city limits.

First mentioned in a document in 1268, the farming village was combined with the new garden town of Hellerau in 1919 to form the municipality of Rähnitz-Hellerau, which was renamed Hellerau in 1938 and incorporated into Dresden in 1950. Today it is in the Hellerau district , which belongs to the Klotzsche district.

geography

Rähnitz is located north just outside the Elbe valley , about 8 kilometers north of Dresden city center, the inner old town . It is located on the hill along the Lusatian Fault , which drops only very slightly to the south in a clear step towards the Heller and to the north towards Radeburg . The elevation also forms the subordinate watershed between the Elbe and the Black Elster . That is why the northern half of the Rähnitzer Flur is drained via the Promnitz valley and further via the Große Röder , which only flows into the Elbe over 100 kilometers further north-west near Lutherstadt Wittenberg . The southern part of Rähnitz is already in the catchment area of ​​the Olterbach, which is a lost water .

Neighboring districts are Hellerau in the east, Wilschdorf in the west and Hellerberge in the south. In the north, along the outer city limits of Dresden , the district of Volkersdorf, which belongs to Radeburg , already borders. As part of the Hellerau district, Rähnitz belongs to the statistical district of Hellerau / Wilschdorf .

The center of the village on Bauernweg , in which numerous old three and four-sided farms have been preserved, is at an altitude of 205  m above sea level. NN . To the south is the district area built with apartment buildings and single - family houses , which essentially has the character of a settlement. The area north of the old village center is still largely undeveloped, with a few exceptions, but numerous roads have already been laid here for the Rähnitz industrial park (Airport Park). Among the few buildings in this area which is one photomask plant AMTC of Globalfoundries .

The most important street in Rähnitz is Wilschdorfer Landstrasse , which serves as state road  81 as a motorway feeder for Coswig , Weinböhla and the surrounding area and meets federal motorway 4 at the Dresden Airport junction on the eastern edge of the district area . This state road is crossed in Rähnitz by Radeburger Straße , which leads south to the Dresden-Hellerau junction and finally to the city center. Also of importance is Ludwig-Kossuth-Strasse, which connects Boxdorf to Klotzsche via Rähnitz .

Directly northeast of Rähnitz, on the other side of the A 4, is Dresden Airport , in whose approach path the district is located. Local public transport that goes to Rähnitz is tram line 8 as well as bus lines 70, 72, 80 and 81 of the Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe . In addition, stops in Rähnitz are also made by the bus route 328 of the regional traffic Dresden .

history

Meridian column by Wilhelm Gotthelf Lohrmann from 1828

The place name Rähnitz is of Slavic origin and probably goes back to Ronyz or Ranis , the name of a Sorbian locator . It therefore means 'village of Ronyz'. The first mention of the name Ranis in 1242 when the neighboring town of Wilschdorf was first mentioned as Ranis maius ("Großrähnitz"). As a result, Rähnitz could originally have been called Ranis minor ('Kleinrähnitz'), but this form of name is not documented. After the new name of the neighboring village prevailed a little later, Rähnitz carried his name without any additions. This is already the case in the first documentary mention of the village as Ranis , which dates from 1268. As a result, however, the place name developed over a wide variety of forms. Reynicz , Renis and Obir Reniss have been handed down from the 14th and 15th centuries ; in the 16th century the village is called Reynß and Regens, among other things . In 1791 there were the variants Rähniß and Rähnis , until the place was finally mentioned under its current name in 1812, which then gradually became established. A variety of other forms also exist.

The highlands north of Dresden in the area between Friedewald and Dresdner Heide were settled between 1150 and 1250 after the Elbe valley basin in Gau Nisan was fully developed. Rähnitz was also founded during this time. Its namesake, similar to the cases in the nearby towns of Boxdorf and Wahnsdorf , was a man of Sorbian descent who was included in the German Ostsiedlung . This explains why the typical settlement form of a German street perch village for this phase coincides with a Slavic place name. The village was surrounded by a length-like strip of land, which in 1900 had a total area of ​​525 hectares.

In 1441 two outworks are mentioned in Rähnitz . One of them is the Vorwerk Knapsdorf , also known as Niederes Vorwerk, near the Dresden city limits to Radeburg. Until 1310 it was owned by the Dresden Maternihospital . As a result of the Reformation in 1547, the Vorwerk land was divided between some farmers from Volkersdorf and Marsdorf and five Rähnitz farmers. The latter all lived in the western part (between Hellerstraße and Radeburger Straße) of the village center on today's Bauernweg and until the 19th century formed the so-called lace community, which got its name from the tradition that its members were called to assemblies by the bells of lace . The Rähnitz lace community was administered by the electoral office of Moritzburg .

In contrast to this, the farmers of the newly written Upper Vorwerk, which was located in Rähnitz itself, formed the so-called Bullengemeinde. This name comes from the fact that a male domestic cattle was kept in the eastern part of the village to regularly cover the Rähnitz cows. The bull community was subordinate to the manor Döhlen in today's Freital and thus to the office or the later administrative authority of Dresden . The village was divided into two parts until 1836.

In both parts the residents had to do compulsory labor for their respective landlords . They lived from supplying the nearby royal seat of Dresden with agricultural products; the connecting route between the Inner Neustadt and Rähnitz is still called Rähnitzgasse on a short section near the Neustädter Markt . Later, numerous left Häusler in Rähnitz down, often working as a builder in Dresden. A village smithy was mentioned for the first time in 1590, and around 1600 the inhabitants also pursued bird felling . In 1673, Elector Johann Georg II granted one of his chamberlains permission to set up a winery in the south of the Rähnitzer Flur, from which the Hellerschänke excursion restaurant emerged . Towards the end of the 18th century, a wooden post mill was built in the north of Rähnitz and replaced by a stone building in 1804. It remained in operation until 1904 and later had to be demolished due to the construction of the airport. Rähnitz was badly affected during the Wars of Liberation in 1813. On the Bauernweg, a memorial stone erected on the occasion of the hundredth anniversary in 1913 reminds of the battles of that time. Many of the homesteads are also less than 200 years old because of the often irreparable damage they suffered at the time.

A meridian column has stood in Rähnitz since 1828 . This ten meter high sandstone pillar forms the northern end point of Wilhelm Gotthelf Lohrmann's surveying system and is popularly known as the “Butterstampe” because of its shape. Further measuring points were at the Zwinger in the inner old town of Dresden and at Rippien ; together they made an exact north-south line.

Rähnitzer church with the church cemetery

In 1840 Rähnitz became a rural community . A year earlier, the village's first schoolhouse was built on Dorfstrasse (now Bauernweg), making Rähnitz an independent school district. Before that, the Rähnitz children went to school in Reichenberg , or from 1707 they were taught one after the other in various Rähnitz farmhouses using the method of moving in rows. In 1886 a new school building was built at Hellerstraße 4, in which the writer Kurt Gerlach , among others the father of the writers Hubert Gerlach and Tine Schulze-Gerlach and through them the grandfather of Hartmut Schulze-Gerlach , worked as a teacher. A decade later, the building was supplemented by an annex used as a day-care center, as the population rose sharply during this time. Today, in 2018, the entire building is used as a daycare center. This was also the reason why the place, which has belonged to the Parochie Reichenberg since its existence , initially had its own cemetery laid out in 1899 , built a church in 1904 and finally became ecclesiastically independent in 1913. In the cemetery there is a memorial to those who died in the First World War . In the years before 1900, a first small house settlement was built south of the town center under the mayor Friedrich Wilhelm Becker, which was gradually expanded in the decades that followed.

The construction of the garden city of Hellerau on an area of ​​140 hectares, which had been bought from the Rähnitzer and Klotzscher farmers, began in 1909 and was supported, among other things, by the then Rähnitzer community board Schlenker. The modern garden city also favored the development of Rähnitz, but soon overtook the old farming village. As early as 1919, both communities merged under the name Rähnitz-Hellerau, in 1938 the name of the community was finally changed to Hellerau and Rähnitz was run as Hellerau II. For this reason, the actual Rähnitzer corridor is officially called Hellerau today. The old village linden tree and the village pond on the Anger, which was filled in in 1929, fell victim to the modernization at the time . The construction of the Dresden – Bautzen Reichsautobahn ran from 1937 to 1938 , and the tram was also extended to Rähnitz in the 1930s. In the same decade, there were drastic cuts due to the new construction of Dresden Airport , whose runway was partly built on Rähnitzer fields; 13 farmers from Rähnitz were expropriated for this. During the Second World War there was only isolated damage, but on April 17, 1945 one of the last bombs dropped in the course of the air raids on Dresden destroyed a building in the center of the village (memorial plaque on the stable).

On July 1, 1950, Hellerau was incorporated into Dresden with Rähnitz . In the time of the GDR , two agricultural production cooperatives and some smaller industrial companies existed in Rähnitz since 1953: LPG Kurt Schlosser and LPG Heideblick . The practical end of agricultural use with the fall of the Wall created space for the development of an industrial area in the north of Rähnitz from 1998. The name of the district also gained fame from 1993 to 2013 through the national presence of the women's football club 1. FFC Fortuna Dresden-Rähnitz (since 2013: Fortuna Dresden).

Population development

year Residents
1547 34 possessed men , 5 gardeners , 3 cottagers , 10 residents
1764 35 possessed men, 9 gardeners, 8 cottagers
1834 298
1871 435
1890 717
1910 2655

See also

literature

  • Birgit Biesold, Ingo Kuntzsch: 100 years of the Dresden-Rähnitz Church. Festschrift. Dresden 2004.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hellerau with Rähnitz. In: Dresden-Lexikon.de. Retrieved October 28, 2013 .
  2. ↑ a b History of the Klotzsch districts. (No longer available online.) State capital Dresden, archived from the original on October 29, 2013 ; Retrieved October 28, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dresden.de
  3. ↑ Business location - private industrial areas: Airportpark. State capital Dresden, accessed on August 26, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Advanced Mask Technology Center: map. In: amtc-dresden.com. Retrieved October 28, 2013 .
  5. ↑ Dresden line network. (PDF file, 631 KB) Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe, September 23, 2013, accessed on October 28, 2013 .
  6. ^ Wilschdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony .
  7. ↑ a b c Rähnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony .
  8. ↑ Birgit Biesold, Ingo Kuntzsch: 100 years of the Dresden-Rähnitz Church. Festschrift. Dresden 2004.
  9. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke : 850 years of local history in Dresden-Rähnitz. In: Birgit Biesold, Ingo Kuntzsch: 100 Years of the Dresden-Rähnitz Church. Festschrift. Dresden 2004.
  10. ↑ 10495 - Rähnitz manor. (No longer available online.) Main State Archive Dresden , archived from the original on October 29, 2013 ; Retrieved October 28, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.archiv.sachsen.de
  11. ^ Streets and squares in Rähnitz. In: Dresdner-Stadtteile.de. Retrieved October 28, 2013 .
  12. ↑ Magical readings in the forge. In: Sächsische Zeitung , December 13, 2005.
  13. ^ Rähnitz Church. In: Dresdner-Stadtteile.de. Retrieved October 28, 2013 .
  14. ^ History of the parish Rähnitz. Evangelical Lutheran Christophoruskirchgemeinde Dresden-Wilschdorf-Rähnitz, accessed on October 28, 2013 .
  15. ^ Dresden-Rähnitz (cemetery), Saxony. In: Online project fallen memorials. Retrieved October 28, 2013 .
  16. ↑ Rähnitz. In: Dresden-und-Sachsen.de. Archived from the original on April 25, 2007 ; Retrieved November 12, 2008 .