Maternihospital
The Materni or Maternispital (including patients castle ) was a holy Maternus consecrated Hospital in Dresden . It was also referred to as the “hospital in front of our city of Dresden at our dear women's churches”.
history
middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, the Maternihospital, which was then located at today's Neumarkt , owned several villages, three farms , the vineyards near Kötzschenbroda and Loschwitz, as well as monetary and natural interest. In 1268, Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious gave the Frauenkirche together with the patronage of the Dresden parish and the Maternispital to the Seusslitz Monastery . In 1286 Otto von Dohna was enfeoffed with the city of Liebstadt and Porschendorf by the Bishop of Meißen . He donated two vineyards in Kötzschenbroda and properties in Potschappel to the Maternispital . In 1328 or 1329 the Maternispital was transferred from the patronage of the Poor Clare Monastery to the city of Dresden, and the Seusslitz Abbess Agathe received a pension as compensation.
In 1380 the town clerk donated the income from the administration of the brewing pans to the Maternispital. The hospital was destroyed during the Hussite Wars , but was soon rebuilt. On November 24, 1468, Abbess Margaretha von Seusslitz asked the Dresden council and the jury to effect the payment of the hospital interest and to refrain from burdening the property of her monastery in the soft spot of Dresden with the city floor , a city tax.
The Maternihospital was also referred to as the patient castle because of its origins in the Neithart harbor castle .
Buildings under Gottfried Semper 1837–1838 (southwest wing)
In 1837, with funds from the Justus Friedrich Güntz foundation, the women's or Materni hospital was built on a plot of land at the Bartholomäus hospital in front of the Freiberg blow in the Wilsdruffer suburb (the former leprosy hospital, later partly foundling house ) and the Materni foundations were united -, Bridge Office - and Bartholomäi Hospitals. The architect was Gottfried Semper . On July 1, 1838, the inauguration of the new Materni Hospital on Freiberger Schlag with 72 apartments (today: Elsa Fenske retirement and nursing home on Ammonstrasse ) was celebrated. It was one of his very first works. Semper built a three-winged building complex on a U-shaped floor plan, consisting of central and side projections, which had a gable as the upper end. A hipped roof with a ridge turret covered the imposing building. The ground floor was cuboid and optically separated from the two upper floors by a surrounding cornice. The corners of the building were also cuboid. However, the Sempersche part of the house was destroyed in 1945. A new building by Pook + Saalmann was erected in its place in 1995.
First extension under Theodor Friedrich in 1880 (northwest wing)
City planning officer Theodor Friedrich carried out the first expansion in 1880. Friedrich built a three-winged building complex on the northwest side of the old Maternihospital, which was destroyed in 1945, based on the model of the Semperschen counterpart.
Expansion under Edmund Bräter 1899 (Ehrlichstrasse)
Friedrich's expansion plan was adhered to in 1899 by Edmund Bräter , the town planning officer , when he built a three-wing complex on the north-eastern side of the hospital building on Ehrlichstrasse , the layout and elevation of which was based on the Semper building. In the 19th century, the facility provided accommodation to old citizen widows and their daughters for a purchase of 100 thalers.
Buildings under Hans Erlwein 1905 (Freiberger Strasse, corner of Ammonstrasse)
However, Hans Erlwein deviated from Friedrich's plans when he carried out the last extension along Freiberger Strasse at the corner of Ammonstrasse. The building complex housed a chapel for 450 people. The altar was supported by sandstone pillars. A painting made by Georg Schwenk adorned the altar. The building, which was badly damaged in the war, was reconstructed in 1995 by Hartung / Hofmann / Kahle. The SG Elsa-Fenske-Heim with garden and fencing is a listed building.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Schumann: The neo-Gothic reconstruction of the Kuckuckstein Castle in Liebstadt .
- ↑ On the edge of the harbor stood the medieval fortification "Neithart" (later called the patient castle), after which the later marshy harbor was named "Neitharttümpel". When the art academy was built from 1886 to 1893, the layers of mud from the former harbor were found at great depth. In: Reinhard Spehr, Herbert Boswank: Dresden: City foundation in the dark of history , Verlag DJM, Dresden 2000, ISBN 3-9803091-1-8 , p. 12.
- ^ Arwed Emminghaus : The poor system and poor legislation in European countries , ISBN 978-054393611-0 , p. 179.
- ^ Nursing home "Elsa Fenske". In: Erlwein-Dresden.de. Retrieved January 26, 2014 .
- ↑ Gilbert Lupfer, Bernhard Sterra and Martin Wörner (ed.): Architectural Guide Dresden . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01179-3 , p. 35, no. 46 (Former Maternihospital (Elsa Fenske retirement and nursing home), Freiberger-Ammonstrasse, 1837-38; 1880; 1905; 1916; Gottfried Semper, Theodor Friedrich; Edmund Bräger; Hans Erlwein)
literature
- Martin Bernhard Lindau, History of the royal capital and residence city of Dresden from the oldest times to the present , 2nd, improved edition, Dresden 1885.
- Alexandra-Kathrin Stanislaw-Kemenah: Church, Spiritual Life and School System in the Late Middle Ages . In: History of the City of Dresden . Stuttgart 2005, p. 207 ff.
Web links
- Entry in the Stadtwiki Dresden
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '2.2 " N , 13 ° 43' 17.9" E