Dohna (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those at Dohna

The Counts and Burgraves of Dohna (also Donin ; Donyn ) are a widespread, originally noble noble family that has held the Burgraviate Dohna including the Dohna Castle (southeast of Dresden near Pirna ) as an imperial fief since 1156 . The earliest possible point in time for a rejection would be 1143, when the Gau Nisan was also lent to the Margrave Conrad I of Meissen, although there is no evidence for this, since the Heinricus de Rodewa mentioned in 1143 and the Heinricus prefectus mentioned in 1144 are not certain Heinricus castellanus de Donin from 1156 are to be assigned.

However, the family was ousted by the Wettins around 1400 and its territories became part of the Margraviate of Meissen . The family went via Bohemia to Silesia, where one line stayed until 1711, one branch went to Lusatia (until around 1600) and a line around 1500 to East Prussia, where it remained until 1945. The Schlobitten branch was raised to the hereditary Prussian prince's status on January 1, 1900.

history

Emergence

Dohna Castle (with buildings on the Schlossberg from 1828/30)

In 1156 the Burgraviate of Dohna was under King Frederick I as an imperial fiefdom with Heinricus de Rodewa . Some historians see this Heinrich I. von Dohna as identical to a Heinricus de Rodewa (Heinrich von Rötha ) mentioned in a document in 1143 , but this is not mandatory. Heinrich I is considered to be the founder of the noble Donin family.

The Burgraviate of Dohna was located between the Margraviate of Meissen and the Kingdom of Bohemia . The dominion was roughly delimited by the rivers Müglitz and Gottleuba in the east, the Elbe in the north and the Weißeritz in the west. It ranged from Gottleuba in the southeast via Lockwitz , Kaitz and Thorun Castle near Pesterwitz in the north to Rabenau , Dippoldiswalde and Ruppendorf in the west. The Wilde Weißeritz marked the western border of the Burggravial-Dohnaic ruled and settled area. The Donins also seem to have been heavily involved in the settlement or transformation of the current urban area of ​​Radebeul during the colonization period.

The dohna castle was until the defeat of Donins in dohna feud 1402 focus of direct imperial castle county. Weesenstein Castle , about three kilometers to the south, came into their possession around 1275. At around the same time they are likely to have built Kuckuckstein Castle near Liebstadt.

Burgrave Heinrich III. had to leave the county and castle Dohna temporarily in 1256 because of his conflicts with the then Bishop of Meißen, Konrad I von Wallhausen , and went to Ostritz , which had been in the Donin's possession since 1230 and was under the control of King Ottokar II Přemysl of Bohemia belonged to. He enfeoffed him or his son Otto II, who is first mentioned there in 1286, with a castle Ulsycz in northern Bohemia, which was then called Grafenstein Castle and which remained in its own line until 1562.

As burgraves directly from the empire, the Donin had a great influence on the settlement of the Eastern Ore Mountains (see also: List of Burgraves of Dohna ). With the establishment of many villages, they acquired great possessions and thereby also gained power and influence. So they were by Caesarean I. Friedrich "Barbarossa" commissioned Dresden and the first Dresden bridge plan. In the disputes with the Bishop of Meißen about Thorun Castle , the Margrave of Meißen , Dietrich the Distressed , had to settle on March 31, 1206 - the first mention of the city in the history of Dresden . Because of the weakness of the Meissen margraves in the 13th century, they succeeded in gaining fortification sovereignty in Dresden as royal governors and holders of the higher courts . This meant that they were entitled to every third pfennig and, for the first time in 1430, a third of the customs duties of the Dresden Elbe Bridge . The Dohnaer Schöppenstuhl , first attested in 1390, was of great importance as a noble feudal court. The Leipzig Schöppenstuhl took over its function in the second half of the 16th century .

The unequivocal evidence of Donin bracteates testifies that the burgraves had the right to mint. The oldest were minted around 1200 and come from the reign of Heinrich II. Von Dohna (1180–1225), the youngest are from the time of Otto II. Von Dohna (1256–1287).

Dohna feud and decline

This strengthening of the Burgraves of Dohna and the struggle for supremacy in Gau Nisan led to constant power struggles with Margrave Wilhelm I of Meißen and culminated in the Dohna feud from 1385 to 1402, in which the Donin (Burgrave Otto Heide II. And his Sons Jeschke , Otto Heide III. And Otto Mul) were completely defeated and lost all their property to the Wettins .

The dispute began as a personal argument between Hans von Körbitz and the young burgrave Jeschke. A Nickel von Köckeritz wrote the following report in 1482: "It was one of Korbs who suggested the young her Jeschken beyn under uff the tantzhawse in Dresden, so slugk her Jeschko Korbs uffs mawl." This feud, which began at a noble dance in Dresden, led to this that Hans von Körbitz besieged Dohna and captured the Donin, which the Wettins used and finally led to the end already described.

Burgrave Otto Heide II probably died in captivity, or at least he disappears from tradition. His son Jeschke was initially able to escape, but was caught and beheaded in Ofen ( Budapest ) in 1403 . Probably the only survivor from this feud was Jeschke's brother Otto Heide III, who died in Prague in 1415 . Her relatives tried for a long time to win back the old family property. With the Saxon territories, the imperial immediacy of the sex was also lost, which is why it could no longer rise to imperial status when the imperial direct counts received a vote in the Reichstag in 1495 .

Branches in Bohemia, Silesia and Lusatia

Grafenstein Castle , Northern Bohemia

After Margrave Wilhelm von Meißen had Dohna Castle destroyed in 1402 and withdrew its fief, Burgraves of Dohna stayed at the Bohemian court, where they were referred to as "Páni z Donína" ( Lords of Donin ). B. Friedrich von Donin . A Bohemian branch line had existed at Grafenstein Castle since the end of the 13th century ; she owned this until her bankruptcy in 1562 and died out in the male line in 1609.

As early as the 14th century, the Dohna were wealthy in the county of Glatz , which belonged directly to Bohemia until 1763 . a. in Neurode , Ebersdorf , Hausdorf and Mittelsteine . Other Dohnas acquired numerous goods in Silesia . In 1423, Emperor Siegmund renewed the enfeoffment with the imperial castle countschaft Dohna. A third branch, which had acquired the dominions of Straupitz , Königsbrück , Muskau, etc. in Lusatia , died out at the beginning of the 17th century.

In the 15th century, the family split into a Silesian and a Prussian line. The Silesian line died out in 1711.

Branches in East Prussia

The Prussian line split again in two. The older line was divided into the branches Dohna-Lauck and Dohna-Reichertswalde . In 1878 Reichertswalde fell to the Lauck branch, which remained there until 1945.

The younger, Vianische Linie was divided into the branches Dohna-Schlobitten , Dohna- Schlodien mit Carwinden, which were again divided into Haus Schlodien mit Carwinden and Haus Kotzenau (in Silesia), and Dohna-Carwinden (Swedish line), which started in 1820 died out in the male line. Emperor Ferdinand III. recognized the burgraviate of the family in 1648. Since then, all family members have used the double title Burggraf and Graf or Burggräfin and Countess, which is not used by any other noble family .

Count Stanislaus von Dohna (1433-1504) got 1,496 Carwinden pledge possession prescribed. His sons received it as a fief in 1514. Built in 1588 and expanded around 1660 and 1715, Carwind Castle remained in the family's possession until 1945.

Peter von Dohna (1483–1553), captain of Braunsberg and Mohrungen , acquired the village of Schlobitten in 1525 . Around 1561 Achatius zu Dohna bought a plot of land in Mohrungen with a section of the city walls and bastions, where he built the Dohna-Schlösschen Mohrungen , which was rebuilt in the Baroque style after a fire from 1697 to 1719. In the years 1621–1624 a palace in the late Renaissance style was built in Schlobitten , which was replaced by a baroque palace from 1696 to 1736. In Schlodien acquired in 1643, Schlodien Castle was built from 1701 to 1704 according to plans by Jean de Bodt .

Christoph von Dohna (1583–1637) auf Carimmern und Mohrungen married Countess Ursula zu Solms-Braunfels in 1620 , the sister of the Dutch governor Amalie . His brother-in-law, Friedrich Heinrich von Orange , appointed him as governor of the principality of Orange in 1630 ; the son of Friedrich von Dohna held that post from 1649 to 1660, but moved to the occupation of Orange by Louis XIV. on Coppet Castle on Lake Geneva over which he had purchased the 1657th On behalf of the Brandenburg Elector, he relocated Swiss farmers to Brandenburg. When an attack from Savoy threatened in 1667 , he was in command in Geneva . He was highly regarded in Switzerland and u. a. Bern granted him citizenship, which his descendants have retained to this day.

In the 17th century, however, the influence of the Dohna family in the Prussian and European rule structure declined, even if they again played a prominent role in the circle of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I. In the 18th century, Kotzenau Castle in Lower Silesia acquired a branch of the Schlodien line and since 1782 Finckenstein Castle was owned by a branch of the Schlobitten line (until 1945). Through the marriage of Burgrave Richard Friedrich zu Dohna-Schlobitten (1807-1894) with Countess Mathilde Truchsess zu Waldburg-Capustigall (1813-1858), the property Capustigall (today Pribreschny ) came to him.

On September 10, 1840, King Friedrich Wilhelm IV elevated the majorates to Schlobitten , Lauck , Reichertswalde and Schlodien with Carwinds to a county of Dohna and in 1854 granted the owners of these majorates hereditary membership in the Prussian manor house . Count Richard zu Dohna-Schlobitten was raised to the hereditary prince status on January 1st, 1900 by Kaiser Wilhelm II .

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows two diagonally crossed five or six-ended silver stag sticks in blue. On the helmet with blue-silver covers stands a gold-crowned virgin with long golden hair in a robe quartered with silver and blue between the stag sticks, which she holds with her hands.

Known family members (chronological)

Tribe list

Prussian line

Dohna-Lauck line

Lusatian line

Silesian line

  • Abraham II. Von Dohna (1561–1613), Lord of Wartenberg in Silesia, Councilor of Emperor Rudolf II , Governor of Upper Lusatia and President of the Bohemian Chamber (1611)
    • Karl Hannibal von Dohna (1588–1633), son of the previous one, Governor of Upper Lusatia, President of the Chamber in Silesia

Swedish line Dohna-Carwinds

See also

literature

  • Siegmar Graf zu Dohna: The Donins. Records of the Dohna family's extinct lineages . 4 volumes, Berlin 1877–1886.
  • Siegmar Dohna: Excerpts from the family history writings. The Donins and the Dohnas. Sittenfeld, Berlin 1887 ( digitized version )
  • Lothar Graf zu Dohna:  Dohna. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , pp. 43-46 ( digitized version ).
  • Lothar Graf zu Dohna: The Dohnas and their houses. Profile of a European noble family . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8353-1237-1 .
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Volume 53: Adelslexikon , Volume 2, CA Starke, Limburg / Lahn 1974.
  • Vincenz Kaiser: From Potschappel to Grafenstein. The Burgraves of Dohna and their ministry between Elbe Valley and Upper Lusatia in the High Middle Ages. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Journal of the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences. New series, Volume 13, Görlitz / Zittau 2010, pp. 111-136.
  • Christine Klecker: How Dohna was lost . Weesenstein Castle Museum, 1991.
  • Volker Press : The Dohna House in the European aristocratic society of the 16th and 17th centuries. In: Reformatio et reformationes. Festschrift for Lothar Graf zu Dohna on his 65th birthday. THD, Darmstadt 1989, ISBN 3-88607-069-7 , pp. 371-402.
  • Eckhart Leisering: Acta sunt hec Dresdene - the first mention of Dresden in the document dated March 31, 1206 , Sächsisches Staatsarchiv, Mitteldeutscher Verlag (mdv), Halle / Saale and Dresden 2005, pages 96, ISBN 978-3-89812-320-4 . Explanations of the place Dohna and Henricum burcgravium de Donin p. 5/11/20 / 25–34 / 33 / 49–50.
  • Torsten Foelsch: Schlodien & Carwinds . Two castles in East Prussia and the Burgraves and Counts of Dohna. Foelsch & Fanselow Verlag, Groß Gottschow 1st edition 2014, ISBN 978-3-9816377-0-0 ; a lot of information about the Castle Car winds and the family zu Dohna.
  • Johann Gottlob Worbs: Memories from the history of the imperial burgraves and counts of Dohna and the counts of Kospoth. Sagan 1800 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Familie von Dohna  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinricus castellanus de Donin in a document from Margrave Conrad I of Meißen from November 30, 1156; Heinrich is named as a witness. Cf. Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae , IA 2: The documents of the Margraves of Meissen and Landgraves of Thuringia 1100–1195, ed. by Otto Posse , Leipzig 1889, No. 262, pp. 176-179, here p. 178, line 37 . Cf. Lothar Graf zu Dohna:  Dohna. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , pp. 43-46 ( digitized version )., P. 43.
  2. ↑ Heinricus de Rodewa in a document from Konrad III. for the Chemnitz monastery from February 1143; Heinrich is named as a witness. See the edition of the certificate at: The documents of Konrad III. and his son Heinrich , arr. v. Friedrich Hausmann (= MGH DD reg. Et imp. Germ., Volume 9), Vienna / Cologne / Graz 1969, No. 86, pp. 152–154, here p. 154, line 17 . For the first mention in 1143 cf. Karlheinz Blaschke : Dohna. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Volume 3, Munich a. a. 1983, col. 1166.
  3. ↑ The word Don -in is explained by the Slavic possessive suffix -in for feminine names (like Do (h) na).
  4. ↑ Vincenz Kaiser: From Potschappel to Grafenstein. The Burgraves of Dohna and their ministry between Elbe Valley and Upper Lusatia in the High Middle Ages. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Journal of the Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences. New series, Volume 13, Görlitz / Zittau 2010, pp. 111-136.
  5. ↑ Christine Klecker: How Dohna went lost (1991), p. 22, reference 71
  6. ↑ Summary of the state of research by Kurt Andermann: Noble feud between right and wrong. The example of the Dohna feud. In: Martina Schattkovsky (ed.): The von Bünau family. Aristocratic rule in Saxony and Bohemia from the Middle Ages to modern times. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2008 (= Writings on Saxon History and Folklore, Volume 27), ISBN 978-3-86583-235-1 , pp. 151–166.
  7. ↑ Glatzer nobility .
  8. ↑ Volker Press : The House of Dohna in the European aristocratic society of the 16th and 17th centuries. In: Reformatio et reformationes. Festschrift for Lotha Graf zu Dohna on her 65th birthday. THD, Darmstadt 1989, ISBN 3-88607-069-7 , p. 371-402, summarized p. 399 f.
  9. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, pp. 58/59
  10. ^ Arno Duch:  Dohna, Karl Hannibal Burggraf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 51 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ a b Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 74.
  12. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 77.
  13. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 125.
  14. ^ A b Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 126.
  15. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Volume GX, p. 81.
  16. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 66.
  17. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 67.
  18. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 117.
  19. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 118.
  20. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 109.
  21. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 100.
  22. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Volume GA X, Starke, 1981, p. 96.