Markowo (Morąg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Markowo (German Reichertswalde ) is a district of the Polish municipality of Morąg (Mohrungen) in the Warmia-Masurian Voivodeship with about 400 inhabitants.

geography

Markowo is twelve kilometers south of the central municipality of Morąg. To the north flows the Wąska (Weeske) , a river that flows into the Druzno (Drausensee) after around 30 kilometers . To the west runs the Voivodship Road 527 , which can be reached after four kilometers via a subordinate country road and which leads to Morąg and Pasłęk (Prussian Holland) . Markowo lies at an altitude of about 155 meters above sea level and is surrounded by the forests of the Reichertswalder Forest .

history

Dohnasche's coat of arms from 1605

Markowo emerged as a German settlement at the beginning of the 15th century when the Teutonic Order settled the Prussian landscape of Pogesanien . The place was first mentioned in 1406 through an entry in the order's interest book. Richardiswalt and Richterswalde are initially known as place names, before the place name Reichertswalde prevailed until 1945. After the secularization of the Teutonic Order, the village came under the rule of the Duchy of Prussia . In 1591, Duke Albrecht of Prussia enfeoffed the sons of Burgrave Peter von Dohna (1483–1553) with Reichertswalde. This established the Dohna-Reichertswalde dynasty, which ruled the estate until 1945.

During the ducal era Reichertswalde was under the regional administration of the Oberland district . The Kingdom of Prussia , founded in 1701, divided the Oberland District in 1752, and Reichertswalde was in future administered by the district of Mohrungen , later the district of Mohrungen. In 1820, 364 inhabitants and 58 Hufen (444 ha) of land were given for the "village of Reichertswalde" ( complete topographical dictionary of the Prussian state ). In recognition of the various services of the von Dohna family in public offices, Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV raised the Dohna estates, including Reichertswalde, to the county of Dohna in 1840.

When the administrative districts were established in Prussia in 1874, the rural community Reichertswalde received this status, the manor district Reichertswalde and three other rural communities were assigned to it. In 1910 the following population figures were published for Reichertswalde: Landgemeinde 131, Guts Bezirk 839. In 1928, as a result of the abolition of the manor districts, the Landgemeinde Reichertswalde was restructured, whose area and population decreased. For 1933 only 382 inhabitants were given, by 1939 the number had increased to 410.

At the end of the Second World War , Reichertswalde was overrun by the Red Army in January 1945 . Before that, the last landlord Adalbert-Victor Burggraf and Count zu Dohna-Lauck (* 1914) had fled with the residents. After the end of the war, the place was placed under Polish administration and renamed Markowo.

Reichertswalde Castle

Castle view around 1910

The origin of the castle goes back to a two-storey stone structure built around 1561, which was surrounded by moats. Christoph Friedrich zu Dohna-Lauck (1652–1734) commissioned the royal Prussian master builder Johann Caspar Hindersin to build a new mansion, which was carried out between 1701 and 1704. A baroque castle was built into which parts of the wall from the previous building were integrated. A three-storey building was erected on a rectangular floor plan, with two laterally positioned risalits that protrude far beyond the facade to the east. The eastern front of the central wing was divided into six axes. The windows on the ground floor were framed with flat arches, those of the middle floor rectangular. The upper floor was provided with square windows. All parts of the building were given a tiled hipped roof , into which so-called bat hatches were built in the central part in the 19th century. After 1905, two flanking square towers were added to the western front. The ceilings were partly vaulted, decorated with stucco or beamed ceilings. The staircase was built from spiral block steps and decorated with carvings. Until 1945 the castle contained valuable art treasures such as a collection of paintings by Dutch painters, tapestries from the 17th century as well as valuable furniture and porcelain. The castle park was transformed into a landscape garden at the beginning of the 19th century. In 1945 soldiers of the Red Army were billeted in the castle. The inventory was either destroyed or robbed. Only a few family portraits were saved and could be exhibited in Dohna-Schlösschen Mohrungen . The castle was later given to a state property that used it for apartments and storage space. In the 1970s the castle was so neglected that it had to be abandoned and fell into ruin. The property has been privately owned since 2000.

Sons and daughters

literature

  • Jackiewicz / Garniec: castles and manor houses in the former East Prussia . Studio Arta, Olsztyn 2001, ISBN 978-83-91-28403-2 , p. 73.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the art monuments, West and East Prussia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1993, ISBN 3-422-03025-5 , p. 524.
  • Lothar Graf zu Dohna: The Dohnas and their houses . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3835312371 .

Web links

Coordinates: 54 ° 1 ′  N , 19 ° 54 ′  E