Dallwitz (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Dallwitz (with the sheep as a crest)

Dallwitz is the name of one of the three branches of the traditional Franconian and Tyrolean family Scof . Henricus de Talwiz is the ancestor of the Lords and Counts of Dallwitz.

history

The Dallwitz family is, like the Gotsch and the Schaffgotsch , a branch of the ancient Franconian and Tyrolean family Scof (sheep), in old Latin documents Ovis ( Latin for sheep). Whether the Ovis and the older Ovinius are of the same tribe, as claimed by several authors, cannot be proven today by sources. The first known representative in the Middle Ages is Hugo de Scof, Canon and Sacristan of Würzburg , who is first mentioned in a document from 1174.

At the end of the 12th century, parts of the family with Saint Hedwig , daughter of Duke Berthold von Meran , moved to Silesia as part of the German East Settlement , where over 100 cities under German law as well as churches and hospitals were built in the following decades.

Ruins of Kemnitz Castle , Silesia

Sibotho de nobili familia Ovium has owned Kemnitz Castle and lands in Silesia since 1243 at the latest . Different opinions exist as to whether Sibotho, who was already wealthy in Silesia, had the castle built himself or whether he received it from the Piasts , Duke Heinrich II. Of Poland or Duke Boleslaus II. , For his services in the country.

In the 13th century, the family also owned several farms in the margraviate of Meißen and Lausitz . Sibotho's brother Andreas , like he was a knight of Zacharon, appeared in 1245, his brother Peter in 1251. His son Ulrich is bailiff of Bautzen , i.e. deputy of the sovereigns, and thus decides in feudal matters, stands before the highest court and is military commander-in-chief. His fourth brother or son Heinrich has been lord of Thallwitz (north of Leipzig) since March 24, 1266 at the latest and is called Heinricus de Talwiz and thus becomes the founder and ancestor of the Dallwitz line of the Scofs, the lords and counts of Dallwitz.

The spellings of names vary over the centuries, even for one and the same person: In some cases the root name is retained on epitaphs, in some cases the names of the Scof lines are brought together: Dalwicz-Schof , Dalwitz-Gotsch , Dalewitz gen. Schaf , Dallwitz- Schaffgotsch , Schaffgotsch called Dallwitz etc. At the latest with the official name setting in 1875, the simple form Dallwitz became established.

In the late Middle Ages, the Dallwitz branch of the Scofs consisted of the Jezrian and the Starzedlian tribe. The former was completely extinct at the end of the 15th century, the latter is still in bloom today. The entire Dallwitz branch of the Scofs is numerically much smaller than the other two branches Gotsch and Schaffgotsch and consists of 13 people between 1400 and 1500. In Lusatia they own, among other things, Jeßer (1400 at the latest), the Starzeddel (1419) , which is eligible for state assembly, and O 30 (2nd half of the 15th century).

In 1406 Kirstan was the leader in the battle of the Six Cities League against the Lords of Waldau. Peter , the eldest son of Ulrich II on Jeßer, is a moderate Hussite and is in contact with the bailiff of Bautzen Benesch von Kolowrat and with the king of Bohemia, Georg von Podiebrad , the first king of Europe to renounce the Catholic faith. The three of them are called enemies of the city of Görlitz and its priests. In 1419 Hans I. acquired the rule of Groß-Starzeddel and started the family line. Since the 15th century, all male family members have had the name Hans or a variation.

Around 1520 Hans III. Protestant and thus the entire Dallwitz branch of the Scofer. At the same time he introduced Protestantism under his church patronage. He also has to fight old local traditions: In Starzeddel there is a centuries-old pilgrimage to the chapel of St. Margaretha with masses, blessings by priests and a fair - a refuge for many wives. There they consecrate the dried umbilical cords of those happily born on the altar to the saint and hope that the sacrifice will give them childbearing potential. Hans III. prohibits the “papist idolatrous welfare” and converts the traditional sacrificial payments into market fees for the maintenance of the spiritual buildings.

The Dallwitz branch of the Scofs remained very manageable in the 16th and 17th centuries, as almost only female children were born, whose descendants ultimately belong to other families. The marriage policy connects the branch with the other influential families of the Lausitz and the neighboring countries, among others the Bieberstein , Loeben , Gersdorff , Schönberg or Bülow . The family consolidates their local power in the estates and exercises influence in state offices. Hans IV is the royal state elder and Hans V is the imperial and royal councilor. In this function he is in various missions at the imperial court in Vienna and takes part in the Hungarian peace negotiations in Prague.

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows four red posts in silver. On the helmet with red and silver blankets in front of a green fir tree is a striding silver lamb with a red collar on which a golden bell hangs. There is a tribal and coat of arms affinity with the Schaffgotsch .

Motto: Ad utrumque paratus

  • Family arms of the Lords and Counts of Dallwitz

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Dallwitz

Dominions and goods

Dolzig, Duncker Collection
Gut Eckendorf , Lippe district
  • Building roof
  • Birch mountains
  • Brauna
  • Brösa, mid 17th century - ...
  • Kemnitz Castle, 13th century
  • Caminau
  • Casslau
  • Döllingen , 1766-1771
  • Dolzig, Sorau district (now part of Lubsko ), 1687–1802
  • Gut Eckendorf , Lippe district (until today)
  • Eutrich
  • Friedersdorf, 17th century
  • Gersdorf
  • Groß Leipe, 19th century
  • Haseldorf (Pinneberg district)
  • Heidegersdorf, 19th century
  • Hermsdorf, middle of the 17th century - ...
  • Jaulitz
  • Jeßer, 1400 approx. - 1500 approx.
  • Jeßnitz, 18th century
  • Jetzschko, manor (former monastery property)
  • Johnsdorf
  • Cheese
  • Little Drentzig
  • Koblenz
Königswartha Castle
Lockwitz Castle (and Castle Church)
  • Limbsee, 19th century - inherited to the Counts of Brockdorff-Dallwitz
  • Lockwitz , Rittergut, approx. 1740–1813 (?)
  • Logau, 19th century
  • Lohsa, 2nd half of the 18th century - 1st half of the 19th century
  • Mahla, 18th century
  • Notice
  • Neudorf
  • Ober- and Nieder-Waldau, 19th century
  • Oegel
  • Oziger, Gut, end of 15th century - end of 18th century
  • Peippola, Finnish estate, 19th century
  • Peterswalde
  • Pleße, 1527 (first documented mention) –1647
  • Räschen, late 16th century - ...
  • Raubarth, manor
  • Reddern ... - 1663
  • Reichersdorf
  • Ringethal
  • Thallwitz Castle (eponymous headquarters, new building from the 16th century)
    Rossthal
  • Siegersdorf , 1836–1852
  • Spreefurt (Uhyst)
  • Starzeddel, 1419–1798 in inheritance to the Lords of Thermo
  • Steinitz
  • Thallwitz , 1266 (first documented mention)
  • Tornow , 1860–1945, 1994–2002, thereafter: "Theiselmann-von Dallwitz family"
  • troops
  • Uhyst
  • Vettersfelde
  • Zülow near Sternberg , 19th century

Curiosities

A Lower Lusatian folk tale tells of Mr. von Dallwitz on Starzeddel, who can do "devil's arts". After his death he appeared again and again to various people and it was reported that if you throw a stone into the grave vault of the church in Starzeddel, he immediately threw it out again.

Known family members

literature

  • Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae . Second main part, Volume VII, No. 50.
  • Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae. Second main part, Volume X, No. 16.
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. 3rd volume, Verlag Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1856.
  • German Adelsarchiv (ed.): Genealogical manual of the nobility . Volume 45, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg ad Lahn 1969.
  • Karl Gander (Ed.): Niederlausitzer Volkssagen. German writers' cooperative publisher, Berlin 1894.
  • Society for the Modern History of Austria: From the time of Maria Theresa - Diary of Prince Johann Josef Khevenhüller-Metsch 1742–1776. Publishing house Adolf Holzhausen, Vienna 1911.
  • Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Uradelige houses. Perthes publishing house, Gotha 1907.
  • The Göttinger Arbeitskreis (ed.): Yearbook of the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau. Volume IV, Holzner-Verlag, Würzburg 1959, p. 104.
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (ed.): New general German nobility lexicon . Second volume, Verlag Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1860.
  • Johann Magnußen: The noble and knightly family of the von Dallwitz in Lausitz. Forests 1679.
  • Karl August Müller: Patriotic images in a history and description of the old castle festivals and knight castles of Prussia. Carl Flemming publishing house, Glogau 1837.
  • Christian Adolph Pescheck / Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences (Hrsg.): New Lusatian magazine . Born in 1834, Görlitz and Zittau 1834 ( digitized )
  • August Wilhelm Bernhard von Uechtritz: Diplomatic messages from noble families. Leipzig 1792, digitized
  • Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch (ed.): New Prussian Adelslexicon . Publishing house Gebrüder Reichenbach, Leipzig 1837.
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility . Nobility Lexicon. Volume II, Volume 58 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1974, ISSN  0435-2408

Web links

Commons : Dallwitz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch (ed.): New Prussian Adelslexicon . Publishing house Gebrüder Reichenbach, Leipzig 1837, p. 154.
  2. ↑ a b c The Göttingen working group (ed.): Yearbook of the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau. Volume IV, Holzner-Verlag, Würzburg 1959, p. 104
  3. ^ Karl August Müller: Patriotic pictures in a history and description of the old castle festivals and knight castles of Prussia. Verlag Carl Flemming, Glogau 1837, p. 492
  4. ^ "Document book of the Hochstift Meißen", document no. 133, year 1245; https://archive.org/stream/urkundenbuchdes00gersgoog/urkundenbuchdes00gersgoog_djvu.txt
  5. ↑ Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae . II, Volume V, No. 16, p. 11
  6. ^ The Göttingen working group: Yearbook of the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau. Volume IV, Holzner-Verlag, Würzburg 1959, p. 104f.
  7. ↑ Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae. Second main part, Volume X, No. 16.
  8. ↑ John Magnussen: The adeliche and chivalrous race those from Dallwitz in Lausitz. Forsten 1679, p. 2
  9. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (ed.): New general German nobility lexicon . Second volume, Verlag Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1860, p. 409
  10. ^ Society for Modern History of Austria: From the time of Maria Theresa - Diary of Prince Johann Josef Khevenhüller-Metsch 1742–1776. Verlag Adolf Holzhausen, Vienna 1911, p. 70, p. 288
  11. ↑ August Schumann: Complete, State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. Eleventh volume, Verlag Gebrüder Schumann, Zwickau 1824, p. 308
  12. ↑ John Magnussen: The adeliche and chivalrous race those from Dallwitz in Lausitz. Forsten 1679, p. 6
  13. ^ Deutsches Adelsarchiv (Ed.): Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels . Volume 45, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg ad Lahn 1969, p. 59
  14. ↑ John Magnussen: The adeliche and chivalrous race those from Dallwitz in Lausitz. Forsten 1679, p. 8
  15. ↑ August Schumann: Complete, State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. Eleventh volume, Zwickau 1824, Verlag Gebrüder Schumann, p. 309.
  16. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. 3rd volume, Verlag Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1856, p. 559
  17. ↑ John Magnussen: The adeliche and chivalrous race those from Dallwitz in Lausitz. Forsten 1679, p. 10
  18. ↑ Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Uradelige houses. Verlag Perthes, Gotha 1907, p. 188.
  19. ↑ Johann Magnußen von Forsten: The noble and knightly family of the von Dallwitz in Lausitz, read together from old and new books and managed by Johann Magnußen von Forsten until the year of Christ 1679. Forsten 1679, p. 4
  20. ↑ http://www.gut-tornow.de/
  21. ^ Karl Gander (Ed.): Niederlausitzer Volkssagen. German writers' cooperative publisher, Berlin 1894, pp. 131–132