List of bailiffs in Upper Lusatia
The office of bailiff of Upper Lusatia was the highest lordly office of the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia in the Middle Ages and early modern times . The governor was the sovereign's deputy. He decided in feudal matters , cherished the district court and led the state contingent. In particular, he was entitled to higher jurisdiction . By Brakteaten from the mint Bautzen it has been proven that the Landvogt the coinage exercised. The basic powers of the provincial bailiffs were retained until after the Thirty Years' War, whereby a strengthening of the official apparatus went hand in hand with an increase in securitized rights of co-determination. The seat of the Upper Lusatian bailiff was the Ortenburg in Bautzen .
Development of the Landvogtei
The office of bailiff arose in the second half of the 13th century during the rule of the Brandenburg Ascanians through the union of the offices of the Burgrave of Bautzen and the district judge , which existed side by side during the Bohemian rule over Upper Lusatia. Due to the development of the Upper Lusatian lordships and later also due to the efforts of the royal cities to achieve autonomy, the regional court or Vogtsding, cherished by the bailiff, lost its monopoly on high jurisdiction in the 13th century.
The bailiffs were appointed by the respective sovereigns, who usually appointed people from the inner circle of their court . From around 1400 the estates - in Upper Lusatia the six royal cities, the nobility and the two monasteries Marienstern and Marienthal - had growing rights of participation. In particular, they have occupied the Ortenburg since that time when a bailiff left and had the new bailiffs confirm their rights in writing before they paid homage to him .
Because of the occasional division of Upper Lusatia into the states of Budissin (Bautzen) and Görlitz , from 1268 to 1329 and due to the establishment of the Duchy of Görlitz from 1377 to 1396, there were provincial bailiffs in both halves of the state. Zittau formed its own bailiwick, originally belonging to Bohemia, and was only united with the bailiff of Bautzen in 1412.
When Upper Lusatia came to the Electorate of Saxony in 1635, the class freedoms guaranteed in the so-called traditional recession prevented the development of a centralized princely official state in Upper Lusatia, so that the office of bailiff increasingly lost its importance and was at times a mere titular office. Occasionally the electoral prince (heir to the throne) received this title. Formally, the office of governor existed until the establishment of the Kingdom of Saxony , but since 1777 no governors have been appointed.
Governors of Bautzen
The bailiffs of Bautzen include the following list:
- around 1272 Theodor von Wusterbusch
- around 1276 Konrad de Redere
- around 1280 Ulrich Schoff
- 1282 Heinrich von Wardenberg
- 1284 Otto von Pulsnitz
- 1286–1290 Reinhold von Gaussig
- 1299–1304 Witigo von Kamenz
- 1317 Christian von Gersdorff
- 1339 Otto von Bergow
- 1346 Hans von Warganowitz
- 1346–1350 Botho von Turgow
- 1350–1353 Beneš from Choustník
- 1355-1366 Thimo (VII.) From Colditz
- 1366 Heinrich Steinrücker
- 1368/69 Ulmann from the coin
- 1369–1389 Beneš Škopek from Dubá
- 1389–1396 Czaslaus von Penzig
- 1396–1401 Hincze Pflugk von Rabenstein
- 1401–1404 Hermann von Choustník
- 1404-1406 Bolko III. , Duke of Munsterberg
- 1406–1410 Otto von Kittlitz
- 1410–1420 Hynek Hlawatsch Berka von Dubá
- 1420–1423 Heinrich X. , Duke of Glogau
- 1423–1424 Apel von Vitzthum on Apolda
- 1424 Hans von Polenz (only as a steward)
- 1425–1448 Albrecht von Kolditz
- 1448–1454 Hans von Kolditz
- 1454–1457 Heinrich IV. Von Rosenberg
- 1459–1464 Johann von Wartenberg
- 1465–1467 Benesch von Kolowrat
- 1467–1471 Jaroslav von Sternberg
- 1471–1475 Friedrich I , Duke of Liegnitz and Brieg
- 1475–1480 Stefan Zapolya
- 1480–1481 Johann von Waradein , bishop
- 1481–1490 Georg von Stein
- 1490–1504 Sigismund von Wartenberg on Tetschen
- 1504–1506 Sigismund (later King of Poland)
- 1507–1511 Sigismund von Wartenberg on Tetschen
- 1511–1515 Christoph von Wartenberg
- 1515–1517 Albrecht von Sternberg
- 1517–1519 Wilhelm II of Ileburg
- 1519–1527 Charles I , Duke of Münsterberg-Oels
- 1527–1549 Zdislav Berka of Dubá
- 1549–1560 Christoph von Dohna
- 1561–1572 Joachim von Schlik
- 1572–1594 Hans von Schleinitz
- 1594–1595 Hans Dietrich von Žerotín
- 1596–1611 Abraham II of Dohna
- 1612–1620 Karl Hannibal von Dohna
- 1620–1621 Joachim Andreas von Schlick
- 1621–1633 Karl Hannibal von Dohna
- 1637–1639 Dietrich von Taube (1594–1639)
- 1645–1672 Kurt Reinicke von Callenberg
- 1672–1680 Johann Georg , Elector Prince of Saxony
- 1691–1702 Nicol Freiherr von Gersdorff auf Berthelsdorf (husband of Henriette Catharina von Gersdorff )
- 1703–1733 Friedrich August , Elector Prince of Saxony
- 1736–1763 Friedrich Christian , Elector Prince of Saxony
- 1764–1777 Hieronymus Friedrich von Stammer
Governors of Görlitz
The governors of Görlitz include the following list:
- 1285 Johann von Sonnenwalde
- 1301 Christian von Gersdorff
- 1305 Heinrich von Coselicz
- 1307/08 Christian von Gersdorff
- 1308 Petsco de Lossow
- 1309 Lothar von Schreibersdorf
- 1317 Christian von Gersdorff
- 1334 Heinrich von Dohna
- 1389-1391 Goerlitz
- 1391-1396 Anshelm von Ronow
Governors of Zittau
The bailiffs of Zittau have the following list:
- 1303 Lutold v. Pribetitz (= v. Pretetz)
- 1303 Thazo
- 1318–1330 Günther Runge
- 1328/38 Peter [von Uechtritz]
- 1350 Heinrich v. Haftenberg
- 1358 Bartholomew
- 1364-1388 Zittau
- 1388–1395 Anshelm von Rohnau
- 1395/6 Botho von Czastolowitz
- 1396-1412 Zittau
- 1396–1404 Peter Petzold
- 1407 Nikolaus Grünwald
- 1308 Paul Häßler
- 1410 Nitsche Hildebrand
literature
- Tino Fröde : Collectanea Lusatica. Collection of Lusatian writings and files. Finding aid, Olbersdorf 1997.
- Hermann Knothe : Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 53, 1877, pp. 158-421. Digitized , digitized
- Gerhard Seifert: The constitutional position of the bailiffs in the former Margrave of Upper Lusatia and their obligations. Dissertation, Leipzig 1926.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ For the bailiffs until 1549 cf. Hermann Knothe : Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Volume 53, 1877, pp. 184ff, 229f, 264ff, 366ff.
- ^ Walter von Boetticher : History of the Upper Lusatian nobility and its goods 1635-1815 . tape 1 . Görlitz 1912, p. 239 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf ).
- ↑ Michael Sachs: The flight of the evangelical wife Anna Magdalena von Reibnitz (1664– ~ 1745) with her five children from Silesia, threatened by forced Catholicization, in 1703 - a mood picture from the age of the Counter Reformation and Pietism. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 221–263, here: p. 227.
- ^ Hermann Knothe: Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 53, 1877, pp. 229f, 264ff.
- ^ Hermann Knothe: Documentary basis for a legal history of Upper Lusatia. In: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 53, 1877, pp. 239f.