Bieberstein (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the von Bieberstein

The Bieberstein (also Biberstein , Czech Biberštejn , Polish Bibersztajn ) were an aristocratic family who came from Bieberstein Castle in the margraviate of Meißen , in Bohemia with Friedland since 1278, and in Silesia and the Lusatia .

history

The first representative of the Bieberstein family is Günther von Bieberstein, who was documented witness on the Saxon Landding in 1218 and 1228. Although there is no direct evidence of this, he was sitting at Bieberstein Castle north of Freiberg and apparently belonged to the nobility of Plzeň, close to the Reich . The eloquent testimony to this is his participation (or that of his son of the same name) in the Reichstag in Vienna in 1237. Later, however, the possession of Wettin fiefs in Burgward Mochau is also documented. Relations between the Biebersteiner and the nobility of the Old Reich cannot be established, so that their social origin from noble-free or ministerial status must remain undecided. In addition to these few biographical details of his life, Günther's presumed participation in the Third Crusade is added .

Günther (I.) had three sons, Günther (II.), Rudolf and Ulrich, who are first mentioned together in 1245. Ulrich (d. August 13, 1248/50) - probably as the elder - inherited his father's estate Bieberstein. He is mentioned only once as a documentary witness in Silesia; Unlike his brothers, he did not entrust the Kamenz monastery , but rather Altzelle with his memoria . After his death, his brothers apparently sold his goods relatively quickly. This concerns the places Cupnitz and Theeschütz and the family castle as well as Zinse in Burgward Mochau; In 1290, with the right of patronage over the church in Mochau, the last remaining Bieberstein property in Saxony is sold. Günther and Rudolf, on the other hand, like many Saxon nobles, looked for opportunities for advancement at the courts of the Silesian dukes and were extremely successful. Already in 1241 they are u. a. with Heinrich von Liebental witnesses of the Upper Lusatian border document , an engagement that is probably explained by the border location of their goods. In the following, Günther is particularly frequent in documents of the dukes Boleslaw II of Silesia-Liegnitz and Heinrich III. called by Silesia-Breslau. In the service of the former he is perhaps already castellan of Glogau in 1243, treasurer in Liegnitz in 1247, and since 1250 he has occasionally been given the title of "Count". In Frankenstein , the Bieber Steiner later than 1266 have the village proud and fall over in dispute over parish rights with the pastor in Zadel. In what follows, pride becomes the headquarters of a line of the Biebersteiners who can be traced back over three generations through their memorial foundation in the Kamenz monastery. It includes the sons Günther (II.) And Jutta, Otto with his wife Elisabeth and Rudolf (canons in Breslau), as well as Otto's son of the same name.

In addition to the unknown villages of Oleswitz (1253) and Cadce (1273), other possessions can now also be identified:

  • 1259 shows a donation to the Magdalenenkloster in Naumburg , which Günther (II.) Owned in Neudorf am Queis ; Probably also Siegersdorf and Bienitz belonged to this , as well as maybe Günthersdorf (Godzieszów).
  • In Hundfeld , his son Otto owned a property that was expanded by a tavern in 1274, which he sold to citizens of Breslau in 1281 .
  • The customs in Lauban , which Johann von Bieberstein abolished in 1306, may go back to older joint family property, as not only his brothers, but also uncles and cousins ​​were involved.

In 1278 Rulco von Bieberstein acquired the rule of Friedland from King Ottokar II. Přemysl for 800 marks and committed himself to military success in the war against King Rudolf von Habsburg that began in the same year . This year Biebersteiner are obviously fighting on both sides of this conflict, because in 1277 Otto von Bieberstein, through Rudolf's mediation, obtained the enfeoffment from King Ladislaus of Hungary with goods that he had meanwhile acquired in northern Hungary.

Until the middle of the 16th century, various Bieberstein held important offices at the court in Prague and in various countries of the crown of Bohemia , first in 1385/1400 Johann von Bieberstein as councilor to King Wenceslas . Then the star of the Friedländer house sank. The last branch was owned by the lords in Forst and Pförten in Niederlausitz . They have been extinct in the male line since 1667. The line, proudly sitting near Frankenstein in Silesia, seems to have spread further to Upper Silesia and the Cracow area.

With the family of the Marshals von Bieberstein , documented since 1196, who sat at Bieberstein Castle since 1399 and named themselves accordingly, there is just as little family relationship as with the Rogalla von Bieberstein .

See also: Saxon coin history # Dynasty bracteates

Personalities

  • Johann von Bieberstein (1290–1306), on Friedland
  • Friedrich von Bieberstein (before 1306? –1360), on Friedland and Sorau , follower of Emperor Karl IV.
  • Heinrich von Bieberstein (1341/42)
  • Johann von Bieberstein (* 1342; † February 3, 1424 in Sorau), he inherited together with his brother Ulrich von B. 1360 the dominions Friedland, and Hammerstein with Reichenberg ( Liberec ) in northern Bohemia , as well as several dominions in Silesia, the Upper and Niederlausitz, among them: Landskrone, Tauchritz , Sorau, Beeskow u. Storkow
  • Ulrich von Bieberstein (1360–1406)
  • Ulrich von Bieberstein (1428/54), on Friedland and Forst
  • Wenzel von Bieberstein (1428/54), his brother, on Friedland and Forst
  • Friedrich von Bieberstein (1428/54), his brother, on Friedland and Forst
  • Ulrich V. von Biberstein (* 1457; † January 28, 1519 in Friedland), owner of the Friedland estate since 1463; Support for the Catholic gentlemen's union against Georg von Podiebrad, 1469 destruction of Friedland Castle by the Hussites and reconstruction. Preservation of the Silesian and Lausitzian possessions in lengthy negotiations.
  • Joachim I. von Biberstein (* around 1455; † March / April 1521), he bought Děvín Castle ( Dewin ) with Oschitz and Roll Castle near Niemes in 1516 , heir of the lords of Friedland and Hammerstein with Reichenberg ( Liberec ); in Thorn in West Prussia 1529 mediator between the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and the King of Poland.
  • Karl von Biberstein (born March 28, 1528 ?; † April 27, 1593), at Neustranow Castle near Jungbunzlau (Stranov), from 1554 to 1588 captain of the principality of Glogau in Silesia, from 1566 to 1571 chief mint master in Bohemia in Kuttenberg. Commissioner of the utraquist estates in the state parliament, 1589 acquisition of the Stranov rule south of Jungbunzlau
  • Christoph von Bieberstein (1551), on Friedland
  • Johann VI. Freiherr (since 1547) von Biberstein († December 9, 1550), son of Ulrich V, guardian of the children of his brother Joachim I, who died in 1521; Administrator of the dominions Friedland and Hammerstein with Reichenberg, 1524 acquisition of the North Bohemian dominion Kost with the castle Trosky and the town Sobotka, 1527 to 1548 captain of the Bunzlauer Kreis; 1549 rapporteur for the lordship in the Bohemian state parliament
  • Wenzel von Bieberstein (1554), to Sorau
  • Mathias von Bieberstein (–1521), zu Pförten and Forst
  • Balthasar von Bieberstein (1521), his son, on forest gates
  • Melchior von Bieberstein (1521), his brother, on forest gates
  • Jahn von Bieberstein (1521), his brother, on forest gates
  • Hieronymus von Bieberstein (–1549), on Friedland
  • Johann von Biberstein (1518–1550), on Friedland and Kost
  • Christoph von Bieberstein (–1551), on Friedland
  • Ferdinand I von Bieberstein (1586–1629) zu Forst-Pförten, married to Eva Schenk von Landsberg (1589–1657), parents of Ferdinand II. And Joachim Ernst von Bieberstein
  • Johann Wilhelm Freiherr von Biberstein (1594–1624) zu Forst-Pförten, married to Anna von Dallwitz (1595–1641), parents of Sophia (1616–1658) and Elisabeth von Biberstein (1623–1683)
  • Ferdinand II. Freiherr von Biberstein (1620–1667), last male descendant of the Forst and Pförten line and last Biebersteiner († October 16, 1667), married (I) to Sophia von Biberstein (1616–1658) and (II) to Amalie Juliane Reuss zu Untergreiz (1636–1688)
  • Elisabeth Freiin von Biberstein (1623–1683); † October 28, 1683 as the last of the sex, provess of the Reichsfrei Stift zu Quedlinburg , married to Johann Albrecht (IV.) Howora, Baron von Krzineczky von Ronow, ddWien November 6, 1670 Count of Ronow and Biberstein (1624–1707), with Ronow and Biberstein coat of arms association

Nobility elevations and nobility recognition

1547 Johann is from Biberstein (1518-1550) on food from Mr. Booth raised in the Bohemian baron.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Bieberstein ( Siebmacher's general coat of arms book, 1874)

The family coat of arms shows a standing, red, five-pointed stag horn in gold. The shield image on the helmet with red and gold covers . In the oldest seal of the family, that of the comes Guntherus de Byberstein on a certificate issued at Naumburg (Quais) on February 20, 1259 in Silesia, the stag's horn is still strongly curved. Different in color, the Bieberstein coat of arms in the coat of arms hall of Lauf an der Pegnitz Castle , built around 1355 for Emperor Karl IV. , Shows a white, five-pointed red stag horn. The number of ends of the stag horn only differs in secondary literature, for the first time with four ends in 1555 by Virgil Solis . In 1678 Gabriel Bucelinus brought a detailed genealogy with a four-ended stag horn in red in the coat of arms.

In addition to the family coat of arms, the family had a large four-field coat of arms. From a heraldic point of view: Above: on the left the red stag horn of von Biberstein in gold, on the right the red stag for Sorau (von Pack), below: on the right the three scythe blades from Strele in gold, on the left the white goat from Koziel in red.

The Biebersteiners and their staghorn coat of arms became so well known in Bohemia, Silesia, Prussia , Lesser Poland and Greater Poland in the 14th century that the coat of arms with the five-pointed stag horn is still called "Bibersztein" in Polish heraldry. Heynen, called Gelre , runs the Here v. Beversteyn in his coat of arms from around 1380 on place 2 in the entourage of the King of Bohemia Wenceslaus IV of Luxembourg . On January 25, 1432, the court in Cracow noted proclamacione… Byberstin, arma cornu cerwarium (war cry: Byberstin, coat of arms Hirschhorn) .

Jan Długosz lists the 114 powerful families of the Kingdom of Poland between 1462 and 1480 with a description of their coat of arms, a coat of arms and origin: No. 25, Bibersten. Cuius insignia unum cornu in Campo ceruelo sursum elevatum; quorum genus et familia ex almania dinoscitur in Poloniam aduenisse. Viri loquaces et arrogantes. (H. 59)

The following cities now have the red stag horn of the Biebersteiner in their coat of arms:

  • Friedland (Frýdlant)

  • Beeskow

  • Sorau (Żary)

  • Triebel (Trzebiel)

  • Bad Muskau

  • Forst (Lausitz)

  • Döbern

  • Seidenberg (Zawidów)

Possessions

Bieberstein Castle in August 1848
Friedland Castle and City (1763)
  • Sorau , castle and town (1355–1551; 1381 counting 58 villages)
  • Hammerstein , castle in Bohemia from 1357
  • Beeskow , castle and town from 1383
  • Storkow , castle and town from 1383
  • Forest , castle and town in Lower Lusatia (1385–1667)
  • Triebel , town in Lower Lusatia (1402–1551)
  • Sommerfeld , Burg and Stadt from 1414
  • Gates , castle and town (1428–1667)
  • Muskau , castle and town (1444–1551)
  • Kost and Trosky, castle in Bohemia from 1524
  • Hammer (Burg und Herrschaft Dewin ), castle near Gabel before 1520
  • Neustranow and the city of Zamost (1589–1609)

Offices, titles, dignities

  • Baron (lat. Baro, barones): baronibus quoque nostris… Gunthero de Bebirstein , 1290 June 23, Breslau,
  • Herr (lat. Dominus): Domino Gunthero de Bibrustin , 1243 March 12, Nimptsch; domino Gunthero de Byberstein et Rudolpho et Vlrico fratribus suis , 1245, Perschdorf, domino Ottone dicto de Biberstein , 1281, April 29th, Breslau,
  • Noble, noble (lat. Nobilis): the noble men Heinrich v. Bebirstein, 1341, Breslau; noble Mr. Heinrich v. Bebirstein, Schweidnitz, 1342; presentibus nobili Ulrico de Bebirsteyn, 1366 April 10, Lubovie; the noble Herr Ulrich von Bebirsteyn, 1366, Prague;
  • Baron: Johann von Biberstein on board in the Bohemian baron class. (1545) 1547, (Prague), Freyherr. . v. Bibe'stain , 1555, Nuremberg,
  • Count (lat. Comes) ': comes Guntherus de Bebirsteyn , 1250 February 12, Breslau; comite Gunteo de Beursten 1250; comite Gunthero de Biberstein 1251 June 25, Breslau; fidelis noster comes Guntherus de Biberstein… sponsalici Jutte ucoris sue, Muchowe videlicet et Vteskwiz , 1253 March 19, Liegnitz; domina Jutta uxor comitis Guntheri de Biberstein heriditatem, quam comes conventui domus Cellensis vendiderat (1253), comite Gunthero de Bebirstein…. Rudolpho filio Guntheri de Bebirstein , 1253 December 19, Neumarkt. comiti Gunthero filio condam domini Rudolfi de Beversten (Count Günther von Biberstein, son of the deceased Mr. Rudolf v. Biberstein) , 1273 August 22. Konin an der Prosna (Siminovici), Elisabeth, wife of Count Otto [de Bibirstein] , 1273, Pogarell near Brieg, Testibus: comite Guntero de Bibersten , 1303 December 7. Tharnow, comite Henrico filio com. Guntheri de Biversteyn , 1311 May 4th, no place,
  • Jägermeister (lat. Venator) ', Gunthero de Biberstein venatore Wratizlauiensi (Jägermeister zu Breslau), 1292 April 21st, oil,
  • Chamberlain (lat. Camerarius) of Liegnitz ': Gunterus de Bibirstein et camerarii de Legniz, Rudolfi fratri eius , 1247 October 18th, Breslau; Gunthero [de Bibirstein] camerario de Legniz , 1247 December 28th, on the pigtail.
  • Notary (lat notarius) ': et ego notarius Guntherus de Byberstein , 1308, Liegnitz,
  • Protonotary: Protonotary Günther v. Byberstein , 1310 January 8th, Breslau, Günther v. Bebyrstein , 1314 December 12, Breslau,
  • Ritter (lat. Miles) ': quod Guntherus miles dictus de Beursteyn 1266 October 5. Viterbo, quod Otto de Bybrsten mile noster. . de consensu fratris suis Rulconis de Bybrsten, uxoris sue. . , 1281 September 20., (Breslau), Knight Günther von Bibirstein , 1302 June 14, Brieg, nostris militibus: Gunthero de Bibyrsteyn, Johhanne de Bibyrsteyn , 1312 February 29. Glogau,
Sandstone coat of arms of the Lords of Bieberstein (Kost Castle, Bohemia, 1545)

Monuments

  • Stone coat of arms of Friedrich von Bieberstein in the coat of arms hall of Castle Lauf an der Pegnitz, around 1354
  • Kneeling knight (Ulrich von Bieberstein?) In armor with coat of arms from around 1380 in Haindorf near Friedland in Bohemia
  • Stone coat of arms in Kost Castle in Böhnen from 1545, four-field: 1. stag horn with five ends (for v. Bieberstein), 2. stag striding (for Sorau), 3. three scythe blades (by Strele for Beeskow), 4. crowned chamois on scree (Meaning unclear). Text: DOMINUS JOHAN BARO A BIBERSTAIN ET FRIDLANT.
  • Standing knight in armor with large and small coat of arms Christoph v. Bieberstein († December 15, 1551) in the Dekanalskirche in Friedland
  • Standing knight in armor with large and small coat of arms Hieronymus v. Bieberstein († June 30, 1549) in the Dean's Church in Friedland
  • Standing knight in armor with coat of arms Johann v. Bieberstein († December 9, 1550) in the Dekanalskirche in Friedland
  • Stone coat of arms in Friedland in Bohemia above the old castle gate
  • Stone coat of arms in Sorau at the old castle
  • Silver coins with coats of arms

  • Epitaph for Christoph von Bieberstein († 1551)

  • Epitaph for Hieronymus von Bieberstein († 1549)

  • Epitaph for Johann IV. Von Bieberstein († 1550)

  • "Kneeling knight" with Bieberstein coat of arms, plastic, end of the 14th century, Hejnice

literature

  • Leon Białkowski: Ród Bibersteinów a ród Momotów godła Jeleniego Rogu w wiekach XIV-XVI . Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL, Lublin 1948.
  • Julius Helbig : Documentary contributions to the history of the noble lords of Biberstein and their goods . From the handwritten estate of Major General Paul Rogalla von Bieberstein communicated by Albert Hirtz. Edited, explained and supplemented by a regesta by Julius Helbig. Reichenberg, self-published by the Association for Local Studies of the Jeschken-Isergau, 1911. 498 pp.
  • Tomasz Jaworski (Ed.): Bibersteinowie w dziejach pogranicza śląsko-łużyckiego (with summaries in German and English - translation by Izabela Taraszczuk and Katarzyna Zimnicka). Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Zielona Góra 2006, ISBN 83-7481-044-0 .
  • Hermann Knothe : The estates of the former rule of Seidenberg, Friedland and their oldest owners, located in the Zittau area. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Volume 75, 1899.
  • Georg Wirkner: The Friedland Castle in Bohemia and its owners. Reichenberg 1849.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Mende : Chronicle of the class rule, town and parish Seidenberg. With reference to the Friedland dominion. Goerlitz 1857.
  • Kuno Rogalla von Bieberstein: Von Bieberstein & Rogalla von Bieberstein . In: Tomasz Jaworski (redakcja naukowa): Bibersteinowie w dziejach pogranicza śląsko-łużyckiego . Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Zielona Góra 2006, ISBN 83-7481-044-0 , pages 221-231.
  • Józef Szymański: Herbarz średniowiecznego rycerstwa polskiego . Warszawa 1993, ISBN 83-01-09797-3 . Family coat of arms Rogala pages 251–253, Bibersztein p. 80/81.
  • Johann Christoph Schneider: Chronicle of the city a. Jurisdiction Forst vor u. after the union with the civil authority of Pförten. Guben 1846.
  • Johann Gottlob Worbs : History of the Lords Sorau and Triebel . Sorau 1826, pp. 19-99.
  • Heinrich Graf von Brühl and the Lordship of Forst-Pförten, publisher Brandenburgisches Textilmuseum Forst (Lausitz), 2003
  • The coat of arms of the Bohemian nobility, J. Siebmacher ’s large coat of arms book, Volume 30, 1979, Neustadt an der Aisch, Ronow von Bieberstein page 105, coat of arms on plate 58, ISBN 3-87947-030-8
  • Roman von Procházka : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian noble families, Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, Ronow and Biberstein ad home Krzineczky von Ronow, page 250, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2
  • Reichenberg (Liberec) in northern Bohemia under the beaver stones (1278–1551), In: Randolf Gränzer (editor): Reichenberg town and country in the Neißetal. Augsburg 1974, pages 18-20.
  • Biographical lexicon on the history of the Czech lands. Volume I, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich and Vienna 1979, published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum Munich by Heribert Sturm , ISBN 3-486-49491-0 , bearer of Biberstein's name, page 90

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tom Graber (Ed.): Document book of the Cistercian monastery Altzelle . Volume 1: 1162-1249. (Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae, main part 2, vol. 19). Hanover 2006, No. 54 a. 90. The town letter from Löwenberg, which allegedly dates from 1217, is a forgery, cf. Benedykt Zientara: Henry the Bearded and his time. Politics and Society in Medieval Silesia . Munich 2002, pp. 141f. Silesian Document Book, Vol. 1, No. 166.
  2. ↑ cf. Gautsch: The old castles and knight seats around Freiberg . In: Mitteilungen des Freiberger Altertumsverein 14 (1877) p. 1288ff. The first recorded owners are the margravial ministers of Maltitz in 1305 . Already in 1289 Eberhard v. Mylau, cf. Harald Schieckel : regest of the documents of the Saxon state main archive Dresden vol. 1 948-1300. Berlin 1960, no.1575.
  3. ↑ A document issued by Wenceslas I in Znojmo names him as part of the king's entourage on the way to Vienna, Regesta Bohemiae et Moraviae , vol. I, p. 422. In 1237 Henry the Illustrious was on a crusade in Prussia.
  4. ↑ Cupnitz and Theeschütz, which, however, were given to Jutta von Bieberstein as marriage property. Günther von Bieberstein sells these goods in 1251 and compensated his wife with the Oleswiz estate (probably in Silesia), cf. Traugott Märcker : The Burggrafthum Meissen . (Diplomatic contributions to the history and constitutional rights of Saxony 1). Leipzig 1842, pp. 409f. Silesian Document Book Vol. 3, No. 69f.
  5. ↑ The vassals of the abbots of Fulda, who at times also named themselves after the Bieberstein castle near Fulda, belong to the von der Tann family , s. Codex Diplomaticus Fuldensis, No. 836 ( online at Bayrische Staatsbibliothek digital) , document 1250 , (seal!) , Document 1327 . The castle name Bieberstein is also not a traditional name, but is derived from the Bobricza brook, Bieberbach, cf. Gautsch: The old castles and knight seats around Freiberg . In: Mitteilungen des Freiberg Altertumsverein 14 (1877) p. 1287.
  6. ↑ Harald Schiekel: Domain and ministeriality of the Margraves of Meissen in the 12th and 13th centuries, investigation of the status and place of origin of the witnesses of margravial documents . (Central German research 7). Cologne / Graz 1956, pp. 20, 101.
  7. ^ The cruise of the Landgrave Ludwig the Pious of Thuringia . (MGH German Chronicles 4.2). Berlin 1923, p. 288. The assumption that this is his son of the same name, who reports on his alleged participation in Frederick II's crusade (cf. ibid. P. 200), presupposes a serious mix-up. It is more likely that Günther's son told the story of his father at the court of Bolkos I. v. Schweidnitz passed on, especially since the poet does not claim to be a contemporary witness of his informant.
  8. ↑ Silesian Document Book, Volume 2, No. 300
  9. ^ Necrology of the Altzelle monastery, cf. Julius Helbig: Documentary contributions to the history of the noble lords of Biberstein and their goods . Reichenberg 1911, No. 17.
  10. ↑ Eduard Beyer: The Cistercian monastery and monastery old cell in the diocese of Meißen . Dresden 1855, S. 550. Julius Helbig: Documentary contributions to the history of the noble lords of Biberstein and their goods . Reichenberg 1911, No. 69.
  11. ^ Tomasz Jurek: Bibersteinowie i średniowieczne wędrówki niemieckich rycerzy na śląsk . In: Tomasz Jaworski (Ed.): Bibersteinowie w dziejach pogranicza śląsko-łużyckiego . Zielona Góra 2006, pp. 21-29.
  12. ↑ Documents of the Meissen Monastery I, 962–1356. (Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae, main part 2, vol. 1). Leipzig 1882, no. 121. In the same year Günther also testifies for King Wenzel I in a document for the Marienthal monastery, cf. Richard Döhler: Diplomatarium Vallis St. Mariae . In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin 78 (1902), p. 15f.
  13. ↑ Schlesisches Urkundenbuch Vol. 2, No. 252 (1243) Guntherus castellanus de Glogov , No. 331 Guntheri de Bibirstein et camerarii de Legniz, Rudolfi fratris eius and No. 339 Gunthero camerario de Legniz , No. 391 comes Guntherus de Bebirsteyn , No. 413 comite Guntero de Beursten , Vol. 3, No. 11, No. 69f, 104. On the meaning of the title of count in Silesia cf. Ambrozy Bogucki, Komes w polskich źródłach średniowiecznych [ Comes in Polish sources of the Middle Ages ], Toruń 1972, p. 52, 109. For Günther von Biberstein and his descendants, there is also a clearly documented function as burgrave or castellan and as a high princely bailiff the possibility that the title of count was settled due to an exemption of their property from the district court.
  14. ↑ Schlesisches Urkundenbuch vol. 3, no. 545. As early as 1243 Günther (II.) Attests to a donation to the nearby Heinrichau monastery for Duke Boleslaw II. Schlesisches Urkundenbuch vol. 2, no. 241. On the dispute with the pastor in Zadel cf. Johannes Anathasius Kopietz: Church history of the principality of Münsterberg and the soft picture Frankenstein . Frankenstein 1885, p. 9ff.
  15. ↑ Wilhelm Wattenbach: Silesian necrology . In: Zeitschrift für Geschichte Schlesiens 4 (1862), pp. 319, 321, 332–334.
  16. ↑ Silesian Document Book, Vol. 3, No. 69.
  17. ↑ villam nomine Cadce et aliam que dicitur Parva villa as marriage property of Jaroslawa, granddaughter of the former castellan of Lebus, go into the possession of Rudolf's son Günther (III.), Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski I, no. 451.
  18. ↑ Schlesisches Urkundenbuch Vol. 3, No. 282 Neudorf and Bienitz are later documented as Pertinenzorte von Siegersdorf, cf. Hermann Knothe: History of the Upper Lusatian nobility and its goods . Leipzig 1879, p. 640. The nearby Günthersdorf suddenly appears in 1381 as a Bieberstein property. It is the first time, but as an accessory to the state crown , called Urbar in Friedländer, see p. Hermann Hallwich : Friedland five hundred years ago . In: Mitteilungen des Verein für Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen , Volume 43 (1905), p. 402. For the dating cf. Zittau document book , No. 465.
  19. ↑ Silesian Document Book, Vol. 3, No. 259, 430.
  20. ↑ Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris Vol. 1, No. 121
  21. ^ Regesta Bohemiae et Moraviae , Vol. II, No. 1111
  22. ↑ Monumenta hungariae historica , No. 111
  23. ↑ cf. Ivan Hlavácek: The documents and chancellery of the Bohemian and Roman king Wenceslaus (IV.) 1376-1419. A contribution to late medieval diplomacy . Stuttgart 1970, p. 477.
  24. ^ Hermann Hallwich:  Biberstein, Johann (II.) Von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 611 f.
  25. ^ A b Heinrich Metzger: History of the paper mill at Friedland in Bohemia . In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia. Volume 48, 1909, Issue 3, pp. 302-345
  26. ^ Lausitzer Rundschau : Forst mourned his lord of the castle , April 17, 2004
  27. ↑ a b c d e f g h Julius Helbig : Documentary contributions to the history of the noble lords of Biberstein and their goods . From the handwritten estate of Major General Paul Rogalla von Bieberstein communicated by Albert Hirtz. Edited, explained and supplemented by a regesta by Julius Helbig. Reichenberg, self-published by the Association for Local Studies of the Jeschken-Isergau, 1911. p. 7
  28. ^ Paul Pfotenhauer : The Silesian seals from 1250-1300 or 1327. Breslau 1879
  29. ↑ a b Virgil Solis: Wappenbüchlein. Nuremberg 1555, p. 42, The Freyherrn… v. Bibstain
  30. ↑ Gabriel Bucelinus : Germania topo-chronostemmatographica sacra et profana ..., Volume 4, Augsburg 1678, pages 34, 35
  31. ^ Sinapius: Silesian curiosities. Volume I, page 270
  32. ↑ Gelre: Wappenbuch 1369-1396. Editor Jan van Helmont, Leufen, 1992, ISBN 90-74318-03-7 , p. 95 (f33vo)
  33. ↑ Antoni Zygmunt Helcel: Starodawne prawa polskiego pomniki for ksiąg rękopiśmiennych dotąd nieużytych główniej Zas for ksiąg dawnych sądowych ziemskich i grodzkich ziemi Krakowskiej. Tom II, Krakau 1870, p. 368, no.2428
  34. ↑ Jana Dlugosza: Banderina Prutenorum Tudziez, Insignis seu clenodia regni Poloniae wydal Jozef Muczkowski . Krakau 1851, Rogala: No. 101, page 65, Biberstein: No. 25, p. 48.
  35. ↑ Schlesisches Urkundenbuch (SUB), Volume V: 1282–1290, edit. by Winfried Irgang, Weimar-Wien 1993
  36. ↑ a b c d e Schlesisches Urkundenbuch (SUB), Volume II: 1231–1250, edit. by Winfried Irgang, Vienna-Cologne-Graz 1977
  37. ↑ a b Schlesisches Urkundenbuch (SUB), Volume IV: 1267–1281, edit. by Winfried Irgang, Cologne-Vienna 1988
  38. ^ Tomasz Jurek: Landbuch. Księstw Świdnickieckoe I Jawrskiego . Volume I (1366–1376) [Landbuch des Fürstentum Schweidnitz-Jauer]. Poznań: Wydawnictwa Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk (2004), ISBN 83-7063-400-1 , p. 4, no. 6.
  39. ↑ a b c d e f g Schlesisches Urkundenbuch (SUB), Volume III: 1251–1266, arr. by Winfried Irgang, Cologne-Vienna 1984
  40. ↑ a b c d Codex Diplomaticus majori Poloniae, Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski , Volume I, Posen 1887
  41. ↑ Schlesisches Urkundenbuch (SUB), Volume VI: 1291-1300, edit. by Winfried Irgang, Cologne-Weimar-Vienna 1998
  42. ↑ a b c d e O. H. Metzger: Historical monuments in Friedland . Friedland in Bohemia 1910