Zawidów
| Zawidów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Zgorzelec | ||
| Area : | 6.07 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 1 ' N , 15 ° 4' E | ||
| Height : | 245 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 4180 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 59-970 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | ||
| License plate : | DZG | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Görlitz - Liberec | ||
| Rail route : |
Wilka-Zawidów Liberec – Zawidów |
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| Next international airport : | Dresden Airport | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Residents: | 4180 (June 30, 2019) |
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| Community number ( GUS ): | 0225011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Mayor : | Józef Sontowski | ||
| Address: | pl. Zwycięstwa 21/22 59-970 Zawidów |
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| Website : | zawidow.info | ||
Zawidów ( German Seidenberg , Upper Sorbian Zawidow ) is a town in the powiat Zgorzelecki ("Zgorzelec District") in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . It is a member of the Neisse Euroregion .
Geographical location
The city is located in Lower Silesia on the right side of the Katzbach (Koci Potok) border stream in the Jizera Mountains foothills , 16 kilometers south of Görlitz / Zgorzelec, right on the border with the Czech Republic in the Polish part of Upper Lusatia .
Neighboring towns are Wrociszów Górny ( Ober Rudelsdorf ) and Skrzydlice ( Kundorf ) in the north, Wielichów ( Königsfeld ) and Kamieniec ( Steinvorwerk ) in the northeast, Stary Zawidów ( Alt Seidenberg ) in the east, Háj ( Göhe ) in the southeast, Habartice ( Ebersdorf ) in the south , Černousy ( Tschernhausen ) and Boleslav ( Bunzendorf ) in the southwest, Ostróżno ( Ostrichen ) and Zawidów-Osiedle ( Scheiba ) in the west and Ksawerów ( Zwecka ) and Wrociszów Dolny ( Nieder Rudelsdorf ) in the northwest.
history
Seidenberg reign
The name of the manor and the city is derived from the castle hill in the southeast of the city, which was called Mons Syden in the 12th century . The lands around the Syden belonged to the Gau Zagost , a Meissen property east of the Lusatian Neisse, and on the mountain was probably also the old headquarters of the Zagost. In 1144 they became part of the state of Budissin , later Upper Lusatia , and with this they came to Bohemia in 1158 . In 1188 the bishops of Meissen acquired worldly property. They built the Michaeliskirche on the Syden as one of the oldest mission churches in Upper Lusatia. The church on Michelsberg, as the mountain was called from then on, was the seat of an archpriest who was initially under the direct control of the bishop and, from 1307, under the archdeacon in Budissin . At that time, the Gau Zagost comprised the estates of the diocese of Meissen in the southeast of Upper Lusatia, including their Bohemian possessions around Friedland .
Around 1241, the crown of Bohemia regained secular rule, and the lords of Michelsberg were entrusted with the rule of Seidenberg. The center of the rule formed the Michelsberg and the village of Alt Seidenberg to the east ; the town of Seidenberg was not built until later to the west of the mountain. In 1415 the von Tschirnhaus family bought Alt Seidenberg for a few decades. In 1278 the Lords of Bieberstein acquired the property and moved the seat of the manor to Friedland Castle . In the following the rule was referred to as the Friedland rule . After their line died out in 1551, Friedrich von Redern acquired the rank of Friedland-Seidenberg . After the defeat on the White Mountain , the property of his grandson Christoph von Redern was confiscated in 1620 .
In 1620 the class rule was first divided . Albrecht von Waldstein acquired the properties around Friedland and Reichenberg located on Bohemian territory from Emperor Ferdinand II and established the Duchy of Friedland from them . The areas in the Oberlausitz were after their pledge to Saxony by Johann Georg I in 1626 to the noble family von Nostitz sold. They were succeeded as owners of the Seidenberg registry from 1694 onwards by the Counts of Einsiedel , who held the property until 1945. As a result of this division, Seidenberg, as the seat of the splintered rulership, was territorially cut off from the other possessions that were around Reibersdorf ( Rybarzowice ) and in the area around Reichenau ( Bogatynia ), so that Reibersdorf developed more and more into the center of rule and this also later was designated as the rulership of Reibersdorf-Seidenberg .
The second division of the class rule was a consequence of the defeat of Saxony as an ally of the French in the Napoleonic Wars . In 1815 the new state border between Saxony and Prussia stretched across Upper Lusatia. Seidenberg fell to Prussia, Reibersdorf bei Zittau remained Saxon. Since 1817 this part has been known as the rulership of Reibersdorf .
After the end of the Second World War , both rulers in Seidenberg and Reibersdorf were placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power and then expropriated and dissolved. The market town of Reibersdorf with its two castles disappeared from the map at the end of the 20th century; it fell victim to the Turów opencast mine near Bogatynia ( Reichenau ).
city
The town of Seidenberg was probably founded by the Bohemian King Ottokar II. The time is assumed to be between 1253 and 1278, the original floor plan of the town was very similar to that of Zittau . The first documentary evidence of the city of Seidenberg is documented for the year 1341. In 1396 the city charter was renewed according to Magdeburg and Görlitz law. The Frauenkirche was built around 1380 and instead of the Michaeliskirche it was elevated to a parish church.
In 1427 and 1433 the town and all the facilities on the Michelsberg, including the Michaeliskirche, were burned down by the Hussites , the Michelsberg remained desolate. In 1469 the troops of King Georg von Podiebrad invaded Seidenberg and burned the city down again.
The Reformation took hold in 1525 when the archpriests of Görlitz , Reichenbach and Seidenberg left the Catholic Church with their Görlitz convent . During the Thirty Years' War there was a large immigration of Bohemian religious refugees to Seidenberg, which made the city bigger. During this time, Seidenberg was plundered several times by armies passing through and used as a military headquarters.
Since the Lusatia was pledged to Saxony in 1623 and its formal handover through the Görlitz Recess of 1635, Seidenberg also passed from the Bohemian to the Electoral Saxon state territory. Besides Görlitz, Seidenberg owned the second most important drapery guild in Upper Lusatia, the guild of draperies had existed since 1463. After the town fire of 1769, the Frauenkirche was rebuilt from 1776 to 1778.
In 1815 the city passed to Prussia. From 1816 to 1820 it belonged to the Silesian district of Görlitz and from 1820 to 1945 to the district of Lauban . In 1834 another major fire broke out in Seidenberg. On June 14, 1880, a heavy flood of the Katzbach ( Koci Potok ) flooded all of the lower parts of the city.
Industrialization took hold around 1850. The Maue wool yarn spinning mill was founded in 1849, followed by a mechanical weaving mill in 1862 and the Gloria weaving mill in 1865. In 1927 there were around 1500 looms in the city. The Catholic parish built its church on the Michelsberg in 1895.
With the commissioning of the railway line from Görlitz via Nickrisch ( Hagenwerder ) and Seidenberg to Friedland and Reichenberg in 1875 as part of the long-distance connection from Berlin via Iglau to Vienna , other industries also settled in the city. The more important companies were the wire goods factory founded in 1919 and the machine factory built in 1936. However, this development did not lead to a larger population increase in the town; many of the workers lived as commuters in the surrounding villages.
During National Socialism , a few days before the Munich Agreement was signed on September 20, 1938, a border provocation with Czechoslovakia occurred in Seidenberg . The exchange of fire with the Czechoslovak border customs office in Ebersdorf , initiated by members of the Sudeten German Freikorps on the German side , which did not cause any damage to people or property, was advanced by a fictitious attack from the neighboring country.
In 1945 Seidenberg was part of the district Luban in the district Liegnitz the Prussian province of Lower Silesia of the German Reich .
After the end of the Second World War , the city and almost all of Silesia were placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in 1945. The German population was subsequently expelled from Seidenberg by the local Polish administrative authority . The Polish place name Zawidów was introduced for Seidenberg . At the same time the city rights were withdrawn.
Due to the demarcation between the Soviet occupation zone and the People's Republic of Poland along the Lusatian Neisse, as well as the suspension of rail traffic to Czechoslovakia , the city was cut off from the railway network as there was no connection to Polish railway lines. This was created in 1948 with the extension of the branch line to Sulików ( Schönberg ) of the Zgorzelec ( Görlitz-Moys ) - Lubań ( Lauban ) line to Zawidów. Today, this route is particularly important for goods in transit from Liberec ( Reichenberg ) in the Czech Republic to Poland. In the 1960s, a new railway line was built as a connection to the Neisse Valley Railway to enable freight traffic to the newly built Turów power station . On September 30, 2002, passenger traffic to Zgorzelec was stopped.
In 1957 the place received the status of an urban settlement and in 1969 the town charter was given back.
The border crossing to the neighboring Habartice ( Ebersdorf ) was reopened for car traffic in 1973. After Poland and the Czech Republic joined the Schengen Agreement in December 2007, the control posts and border security systems were dismantled. Zawidów today forms a municipality with an area of about 6 km², to which no other localities belong.
The Protestant church, which had been in ruins since the war, was restored in 2001.
Seidenberg Reformation Bell
In 1957, the bell of the Martin Luther Church in Ulm received the bell from the tower of the Seidenberg Protestant Church, which was no longer melted down during the war. Due to a crack, the Martin Luther parish in Ulm gave up its “Seidenberger Glocke” in 1993. The bell, which was successfully welded and decorated with baroque decorations, has been hanging in the bell museum of the Evangelical Church of Württemberg in Herrenberg since November 2004 . This special, now fully functional museum piece with a diameter of 134 cm and a weight of 1268 kilograms was cast in 1783 and was called the "Reformation Bell". This makes it a typical baroque bell with a very light rib and therefore sounds more overtone . It can now be heard every day in Herrenberg for evening prayer .
Population development
1825: 1,053 inhabitants
1861: 1,502
1905: 2,707
1933: 2,753
1939: 2,648
1961: 3,081
1970: 3,378
2005: 4,663
City structure
The towns of Ostróżno ( Ostrichen ), Zawidów ( Seidenberg ) and Zawidów-Osiedle, formerly Skiba ( Scheiba ), belong to the urban and rural community of Zawidów .
Personalities
- Jakob Böhme (1575–1624), mystic and philosopher, learned the shoemaking trade in Seidenberg. His birthplace in the neighboring town of Alt Seidenberg (Stary Zawidów) burned down as a result of the Second World War
- Christian Gottlob Herzog (1789–1868), educator and school politician
- Erich Albert Müller (1898–1977), physiologist
- Herbert Uhlich (1899–1973), stage actor
- Helmuth Speer (1921–1992), politician (LDPD), member of the GDR Land Chamber
- Alfred Aedtner (1925–2005), criminalist, investigator against Nazi crimes
- Christoph Seydel (1670–1747), Mayor of Radeberg , discoverer of the Augustus Bath
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Mende : Chronicle of the class rule, town and parish Seidenberg. With reference to the Friedland dominion. Görlitz 1857 ( full text ).
- Hermann Knothe : The estates of the former Seidenberg-Friedland lordship and their oldest owners in the Weichbild Zittau. In: New Lusatian Magazine . Volume 75, 1899, pp. 4-30 ( digitized version ).
- Jacob Gottlieb Kloss: Collection of some historical news from the freyen class and the small town of Seidenberg in Upper Lusatia. Lauban 1762. In it: News from the Evangelical Preachers at Seidenberg in Ober-Lausitz, as much of them taught there from An [no] 1564 up to the present time. Digitized by Google
- Paul Christian Hausdorf: Seidenberg honored by the tombs of his preachers ... Lauban 1722.
- Gazeta Zawidówska (Local Monthly). (PDF file; 5.60 MB)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. lauban.html # ew39laubseidenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
