Rybarzowice (Bogatynia)
Rybarzowice (German Reibersdorf ) was a village in the municipality of Bogatynia , Powiat Zgorzelecki , Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . The site was largely demolished in the 1970s in favor of the Turów open pit mine . Up to the demolition of the last houses in the southeast of the village on July 25, 2000, there were still around 40 inhabitants in Rybarzowice.
Geographical location
Rybarzowice was located 4 km west of Bogatynia and 5 km east of Zittau in the valley of the Mühlgraben. The place was on the connecting road from Zittau to Bogatynia, which had been relocated to the south since the 1970s and has been on the southern edge of the Turów opencast mine since that time .
history
Tribunal rule of Reibersdorf
Since the 14th century, Reibersdorf has been the center of the medieval rule of Hammerstein . In 1396 Heinrich I von Kyaw acquired the place. Under the Kyaw the place was raised to a knight seat in 1426. At the end of the 15th century, the Lords of Maxen became the owners of the manor, followed by the Weigsdorfer on Niederweigsdorf during the 16th century , who split up and sold their property at the beginning of the 17th century. Since 1616 Reibersdorf belonged to the rule Friedland - Seidenberg . Their owners, the Counts of Redern , were expropriated after the Battle of White Mountain . The rule was divided and Albrecht von Waldstein received the Bohemian part as a gift. The Upper Lusatian part was under compulsory administration and was acquired in 1626 by Christian von Nostitz from the Bohemian line of the Nostitzers. In 1635, Reibersdorf came to Saxony with the transfer of Upper Lusatia . The Lords of Nostitz built the market town Reibersdorf the new center of the Standesherrschaft raised domination Seidenberg , whose seat was in 1690, built by Otto Leopold von Nostitz Palace. In Protestant Saxony, the attempts at counter-reformation made by the Nostitzers failed and they finally sold their property in Saxony to Hans Haubold von Einsiedel in 1694 . Along with Muskau , Königsbrück and Hoyerswerda, the rulership of Reibersdorf-Seidenberg was one of the four privileged manors in Upper Lusatia.
Detlev Heinrich von Einsiedel and, after his death in 1746, his brother Johann George von Einsiedel, belonged to the owners of the class . The most important owner of the estate was his son, the Saxon minister Johann Georg Friedrich von Einsiedel , who had a new one built next to the old Nostitz castle in 1763. The construction took place according to the plans of Andreas Hünigen from Zittau and was completed in 1779. From 1790 the old castle was used as an office building and a manorial archive. Johann Georg von Einsiedel expanded the manor into a model enterprise for the modernization of agriculture in Saxony, which he advocated . In 1767 he also acquired Milkel Castle , which belonged to the Reibersdorfer estate until 1900.
The Prussian claims to territory after the defeat of Saxony also led to the division of Upper Lusatia in 1815. The new state border between Saxony and Prussia cut the class rule into two parts, of which the Saxon part was only referred to as the class rule Reibersdorf from 1817 onwards . In the Saxon constitution of 1831 it was stipulated that the respective owner of the rulership of Reibersdorf is entitled to a seat in the first chamber of the Saxon state parliament . This right was exercised until the last session of the Landtag Chamber in 1918.
At that time, the territorial lordship included the lords of Reibersdorf, Oberweigsdorf, Mittelweigsdorf and Niedervorwerk Niederweigsdorf , Oberullersdorf , Markersdorf , Dornhennersdorf , Sommerau , Friedersdorf , Oppelsdorf , Wald and Dörfel as well as the town of Seidenberg in the Prussian Upper Lusatia.
In 1842, Kurt Heinrich Ernst von Einsiedel , who primarily focused on horse breeding, became the owner of the estate. From this his nephew Johann Georg von Einsiedel inherited the property.
As a result of the main border and territorial recess between the Kingdom of Saxony and the Austrian Empire on March 5, 1848, extensive border regulations were carried out in the area of the class rule to clean up the unmanageable border conditions between Oberullersdorf and Ullersdorf and in and around Weigsdorf . As a result, the rulers had to cede their share in Niederweigsdorf and the exclave Dörfel and Minkwitz on March 12, 1849 to Bohemia.
The valuable palace library of the Counts of Einsiedel on Reibersdorf, which was dissolved and auctioned off in 1928, enjoyed an important reputation. With the entry into force of the Saxon constitution, the rulership of Reibersdorf lost its last privileges in 1920. Until the expropriation in 1945, Reibersdorf Castle was owned by the Counts of Einsiedel .
Rybarzowice
Reibersdorf emerged as a forest hoof village in the 13th century . It was first mentioned in a document in 1386. The place had already acquired market rights and brewing rights when it belonged to the Hammerstein rulership . After the Reformation, a parish church was built on the site of an old Marienkapelle, to whose parish the villages of Sommerau and Oppelsdorf as well as the later founded forest belonged.
In 1549 the church received its first tower, which was replaced by a new one in 1715. In 1736 the old nave was torn down and the new building was completed in the same year. As early as 1712 a rectory was built on the road to Zittau. The central square was the large market square, lined with half-timbered houses and the church, to which the area of the castles and the large park behind them connected to the west .
Between 1836 and 1837, major construction work was carried out on the church under the direction of Carl August Schramm , which was followed by renovation work inside the church in 1860. In 1878, after a year of construction, the new school building, which was built outside the center of the village by the rectory, was inaugurated.
With the replacement of the manors in the middle of the 19th century, Reibersdorf became an independent municipality in the Zittau district administration , to which the district of Wald also belonged. In 1847, 1,012 people lived in Reibersdorf, in 1890 there were 880.
After the death of his only son Haubold, who had died of consumption at the age of 24 , Kurt Heinrich Ernst von Einsiedel donated the Hauboldstift in 1868 to accommodate old and ailing residents of his class . In 1884 the narrow-gauge railway Zittau – Reichenau started operations and Reibersdorf received a stop.
In 1943 the market town had 1359 inhabitants together with forest. After the end of the Second World War, Reibersdorf became Polish and formed a community under the new name Rybarzowice. The German residents were expelled in 1945 and the castles looted and confiscated.
With the expansion of the Turów opencast mine in 1961, the narrow-gauge railway line Bogatynia - Sieniawka was set. Because of the brown coal mining, large parts of the place were finally cleared and in the 1970s there was an extensive demolition of Rybarzowice, to which both castles and the church fell victim. Only the sculptures in the palace park, which were removed and re-erected in a newly built park east of Bogatynia , have been preserved. When the last houses in the upper village were demolished on July 25, 2000, the more than 700-year history of Rybarzowice ended.
Forest
To the north of Oppelsdorf , to the left of the Schladebach valley, on Reibersdorfer Rittergutsfluren a few houses behind the forest . At the beginning of the 19th century, the hamlet expanded into a village. At first it was mainly cottagers and weavers who lived here, and with the start of lignite mining in Oppelsdorf, Wald became a settlement for miners. Wald later also became the place of residence for workers in the textile factories that were built in Reichenau , a few kilometers to the northeast . In 1827 Wald got its own school building, which the Oppelsdorf children also went to, and from 1831 the school also had its own teacher. Before that, a room for the instruction of the village children by the Reibersdorfer teacher had been created by the rulers of Reibersdorf since 1770.
In 1847 there were 374 inhabitants in Wald, more than twice as many as in Oppelsdorf.
With the start of operation of the Zittau – Reichenau narrow-gauge railway , Wald also got a “Boahnl” stop, which was also used by the spa guests in Oppelsdorf. In 1893 the people of Oppelsdorf also achieved that their location was included in the stop designation, which was henceforth called Wald-Oppelsdorf . During this time, a handsome station building with an inn was built.
The flourishing spa business in Oppelsdorf expanded to include forests at the beginning of the 20th century. The Friedrich-August-Bad was built next to the train station in 1908 , and a larger version of the Friedrichsbad was planned as early as 1900 . In 1912 the school had become too small and a new school building was built. Further spa and recreational facilities in the Wilhelminian style, such as the Rudelsburg of the magnetopath and naturopath Arthur Günther, followed. After the First World War , the Saxon Military Association bought a lodging house and converted it into a sanatorium as a Hindenburg house . In 1929 there were 528 inhabitants in Wald and the place had grown together with Bad Oppelsdorf through the construction of villas, but it remained administratively at Reibersdorf.
After the Second World War , the forest came to Poland and was united with Bad Oppelsdorf to form a common place Opolno Zdrój . The spa operation was no longer started. In 1961 rail traffic was also discontinued. Due to the expansion of the Turów open-cast lignite mine, the former village of Wald is now on the south-eastern edge of the mine.
Development of the population
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Personalities
- Hans Haubold von Einsiedel (1654–1700), Saxon chamberlain
- Johann George von Einsiedel (1692–1760), Saxon court official
- Johann Georg Friedrich von Einsiedel (1730–1811), Saxon statesman
- Kurt Heinrich Ernst von Einsiedel (1811–1887), horse breeder and author
literature
- Hermann Knothe : On the history of the Seidenberg (-Reibersdorf) rule during the years 1622 to 1630. 1889
- EA Seeliger: On the older history of the rulership of Reibersdorf. 1925
- Tilo Böhmer / Marita Wolff: In the Zittauer Zipfel. Historical foray through Reichenau and its surroundings. Lusatia-Verlag, Bautzen 2001, ISBN 3-929091-85-2 .
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Reibersdorf. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 29. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Zittau (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1906, p. 203.
- Dr. Helmuth Gröger: Castles and palaces in Saxony, Verlag Heimatwerk Sachsen, Dresden, 1940, article on the (new?) Schloss Reibersdorf with illustration on page 169
Web links
- Reibersdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. Reibersdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ' N , 14 ° 54' E