Oldřichov na Hranicích
| Oldřichov na Hranicích | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Liberec | ||||
| Municipality : | Hrádek nad Nisou | ||||
| Area : | 554.9235 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 52 ' N , 14 ° 51' E | ||||
| Height: | 260 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 241 (March 1, 2001) | ||||
| Postal code : | 463 34 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Hrádek nad Nisou - Zittau | ||||
Oldřichov na Hranicích (German Ullersdorf ) is a district of the city of Hrádek nad Nisou in the Czech Republic . It is located two kilometers northeast of Hrádek nad Nisou on the border with Poland and belongs to the Okres Liberec .
geography
Oldřichov na Hranicích and Kopaczów form a closed settlement area that extends along the Oldřichovský potok / Lubota ( Ullersdorfer Bach ). In the east rises the Vřesový vrch ( Heideberg , 341 m), southeast of the Oldřichovský potok rises. Lake Kristýna lies to the southwest . The border triangle with Poland and Germany is two and a half kilometers west of the village at the confluence of the Oldřichovský potok / Lubota with the Lusatian Neisse .
The Zittau – Liberec railway runs past to the west . In the south, the Hrádek nad Nisou bypass runs along the R 35 expressway , which leads at the triangle over Polish territory to Zittau . On the western edge of the town, a two-lane expressway connects the Czech expressway R 35 to the German federal highway 178n in the direction of Sieniawka.
Neighboring towns are Kopaczów in the north, Białopole in the northeast, Uhelná in the east, Václavice in the southeast, Grabštejn and Hrádek nad Nisou in the south, Loučná and Hartau in the southwest, Luptin in the west and Zittau in the northwest.
history
The village was first mentioned in 1287 as Ulrici villa and originally belonged to the Grafenstein lordship . Since 1381 the lords of Bieberstein have been the owners of a share of Ullersdorf, which they added to their rule in Friedland . In the course of time there was a complete fragmentation of the village between the two rulers.
In 1620, when the Friedland rulership was divided , the Friedland shares came to the Seidenberg rulership . With the transition of Upper Lusatia to Kursachsen in 1635, the new situation arose of the division of the place into a Saxon and a Bohemian part, whereby there was no clear boundary line in Ullersdorf, but both parts were strongly mixed on the basis of the parcels. During the recatholicization that began after the Thirty Years' War, the Protestant lords of Tschirnhaus had to sell the Grafenstein estate to Matthias Gallas . Subsequently, the population of the Bohemian part was mostly Catholic again and parish to Grottau . The Ullersdorf church was in the Saxon part and remained Protestant.
As a result of the division of Upper Lusatia at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Sächsisch Ullersdorf became part of the Reibersdorf class . The first negotiations to clean up the border took place in 1815. In 1830, 80 houses in the village with 493 inhabitants belonged to Böhmisch Ullersdorf . One third of the village meadow on the Ullersbach belonged to the Bohemian part. There was also a farm and a school in Böhmisch Ullersdorf .
On March 5, 1848, a border and territorial treaty between Saxony and Austria was concluded, which included the exchange of the various en- and exclaves of the two states and was implemented on March 12, 1849. The now clear borderline between the Bohemian Ullersdorf and the Saxon Oberullersdorf formed the course of the Ullersbach in Niederdorf, the Dorfstrasse in Mitteldorf and the road to Kohlige in Oberdorf. As a result, 34 houses with 248 inhabitants came from Böhmisch Ullersdorf to Oberullersdorf and Ullersdorf received 76 houses with 367 inhabitants from Saxon Ullersdorf . Because of the different denominations, it was decided that the Catholics of both villages remained parish to Grottau and the Protestants to Oberullersdorf. After the abolition of patrimonial Ullersdorf formed from 1850 a political municipality in the judicial district of Kratzau or Reichenberg district . Overall, both communities formed a village unit. Between 1853 and 1859, the railway from Zittau to Reichenberg was built west of the village , and the station was built on Saxon territory. In 1869 there were 787 people in Ullersdorf and in 1900 there were 1031. At that time, border and smuggling tourism was an essential source of income for the residents. After the First World War there were six inns in Ullersdorf.
After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , the Czech place name Oldřichov na Hranicích was introduced and the village street in central village was declared a neutral zone. A special regulation was made in 1919 due to the increase in road traffic. The Saxon traffic rules applied on the road, while in the rest of Ullersdorf, as usual in Czechoslovakia, left-hand traffic was used. In 1930 the community had 891 inhabitants.
After the Munich Agreement , Ullersdorf was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Reichenberg district until 1945 . In 1939 there were 721 people in the community. After the end of World War II, Oldřichov na Hranicích came back to Czechoslovakia and the German residents were expelled until 1946. By drawing the border along the Lusatian Neisse , Oldřichov na Hranicích was now on the border with Poland and Oberullersdorf was named Kopaczów. In 1950 the Oldřichov na Hranicích community had only 382 inhabitants. The border bridges over the Oldřichovský potok were closed and a new bypass road to the upper village was created in Kopaczów, so that the village street of the middle village was counted exclusively to Oldřichov na Hranicích. In 1970 the village had 386 inhabitants. In 1980 Oldřichov na Hranicích was incorporated into Hrádek nad Nisou, after which the population fell to 219 by 1991. In 2001 the village consisted of 81 houses, in which 241 people lived.
In 1993 the old road connection to Zittau was reopened west of the village. Since 2010 there has been a road connection for cars to Kopaczów in the north-eastern Upper Village. In the middle of the village, the connection between the two halves of the village is still interrupted by a mound of earth on the border line. The renovated border bridge over the Ullersbach at the church in Niederdorf is currently only open to pedestrians and cyclists. From 2011 onwards, the newly laid two-lane expressway will connect the Czech expressway R 35 to the German federal highway 178n over the 4.5 kilometer long Polish section towards Sieniawka . The construction of the section was financed by Germany with EUR 12.5 million and the Czech Republic with EUR 2 million and was largely completed in 2010.
literature
- Tilo Böhmer, Marita Wolff: In the Zittauer Zipfel. Historical foray through Reichenau and its surroundings . Lusatia-Verlag, Bautzen 2001, ISBN 3-929091-85-2 .
- Erhard Flammiger: History of the border villages Ullersdorf / Oberullersdorf . Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2000, ISBN 3-934565-73-5
