Grabštejn
| Grabštejn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
|
||||
| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Liberec | ||||
| Municipality : | Chotyně | ||||
| Area : | 337.1318 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 51 ' N , 14 ° 53' E | ||||
| Height: | 310 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 127 (March 1, 2001) | ||||
| Postal code : | 463 34 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Hrádek nad Nisou - Liberec | ||||
Grabštejn (German Grafenstein ) is a district of the municipality of Chotyně in the Czech Republic . It is located two and a half kilometers east of the city center of Hrádek nad Nisou and belongs to the Okres Liberec .
geography
Grabštejn is located in the Grottau Basin ( Hrádecká pánev ). The center of the village is the Grabštejn castle , located on a spur above the Václavický potok valley ( Grafensteiner Bach , also Wetzwalder Bach ) and a small tributary . The Bažantnice forest extends to the east, in which the Václavický potok is dammed in the Václavická přehrada reservoir and at the foot of the castle in the Grabštejnský rybník ( Grafenstein pond ). The Pískový vrch ( Stenker ) rises to the south-east and the Nad Pastvínou ( Sellingersberg , 335 m) to the south-west . In the south, already on the Chotyně cadastre, is the golf course of Golf Club Grabštejn. The road I / 35 leads through Grabštejn from Liberec to Zittau . In the course of its expansion to the expressway R 35 , the village will in future be bypassed to the north.
Neighboring towns are Oldřichov na Hranicích and Białopole in the north, Uhelná in the north-east, Václavice in the east, Pekařka and Bílý Kostel nad Nisou in the south-east, Chotyně in the south-west, Donín and Hrádek nad Nisou in the west and Luptin and Porajów in the north-west.
history
The area was part of the Zagost Province in the 12th century . On the spur called Böetius Basaltes or Balsanum was a Slavic castle Vlsycz . At the beginning of the 13th century, a lordship was formed from the castle district, presumably owned by Lord Berka von Dubá . The castle was first mentioned in writing in 1277 following a complaint by the abbot of the Opatowitz Benedictine monastery because of the increasing enfeoffment of German nobles with goods in Bohemia by King Ottokar II Přemysl . Vlsycz , which is now called Grafenstein, was also listed among the goods mentioned therein . Presumably, the transfer to the Burgraves of Dohna was the reason for this, as the owners are proven to have been since 1286. The Grafental settlement for the lordly servants was built around the castle hill on the Grafensteiner Bach . During the Hussite Wars , the castle was besieged by the Hussites in 1424 . Wenceslaus III The following year von Dohna married his cousin to the Hussite leader Nikolaus von Kaisberg and gave him the city of Kratzau . The plan pursued to protect his rule did not work out, however, in 1430 Nikolaus von Kaisberg took Grafenstein Castle and made it the starting point for incursions into Upper Lusatia . In 1433 the army of the Six City League under the leadership of Johann von Wartenberg auf Rollburg besieged the castle unsuccessfully and was driven to flight. In the same year there was another battle at Grafenstein when Ulrich von Bieberstein on Friedland together with Gotsche III. Schof on Greiffenstein a group of Hussites who wanted to drive stolen cattle to the castle near Görlitz , rubbed them up and smashed them. Until 1435 the castle remained the hiding place of Nikolaus von Kaisberg. The castle captain Stephan Tlach, who was then appointed by Jan Čapek ze Sán , also undertook raids into Lusatia shortly afterwards. In 1437 Wenceslaus III obtained von Dohna returned the rule. After renewed feuds with the Six Cities, they besieged the castle in 1448, together with Ulrich von Bieberstein and Sigismund von Wartenberg, without success. In 1450, the six-city army under Görlitzer Vogt Hans von Kolditz was able to take the castle. Wenceslaus III Von Dohna had to swear an oath of peace to the six-city urban development, which he then kept.
At the beginning of the 16th century Graevental was called a town. On November 1, 1514, King Vladislav II Jagiello released the rule belonging to Nicholas II of Dohna from the feudal relationship with the Bohemian crown. The beginning of the heyday was also the beginning of the decline of the Grafenstein line of the Lords of Dohna. The splendid lifestyle of Nicholas II of Dohna led to the rulers becoming overindebted. When he died in 1542 he also left six sons. The Grafenstein estate was inherited by the brothers Christoph and Albrecht II von Dohna who could not cover their father's debts. In the 1550s, the Bohemian Chamber moved into the Grafenstein rule and sold it in 1562 to the imperial councilor Georg Mehl von Strehlitz. This confiscation took place in ignorance of the feudal exemption from 1514, which is no longer known after the loss of the older land boards in the fire at Prague Castle in 1541. After Albrecht II von Dohna was able to prove the privilege, the purchase was entered in the land board in 1566 and Georg Mehl at the same time released from the fief. In 1609 the Grafenstein line of the Lords of Dohna, which in the end only owned the rule of Lämberg , became extinct in the male line.
Mehl promoted the development of the rule, at the same time he demanded high taxes from his subjects and did not pay the debts he had taken on. Between 1569 and 1573 and in 1576 peasant revolts broke out against the heavy burdens. The manorial brewery was first mentioned in 1580, but it is believed that it is significantly older. After Mehl challenged the emperor's claim to tithe in the Engelsberger Berg Freiheit in 1584, Rudolf II forced him to sell the rule. In 1586 Mehl sold the Grafenstein estate to Ferdinand Hoffmann, Baron von Grünbühl and Strechau. The subsequent owner was Hoffmann's widow, Elisabeth von Dohna, a daughter of Albrecht II von Dohna. In 1610 Elisabeth von Dohna transferred the rule to her third husband, Hans von Tschirnhaus and Bolkenhain. The town of Grafenthal was destroyed during the Thirty Years War . After an ongoing dispute between Johann Heinrich von Tschirnhaus and the Catholic pastor Hans Brambilla from Grottau, the Recatholization Commission was appointed to rule in 1628. The Protestant Tschirnhaus, who was accused of persecuting Catholics by Pastor Brambilla, fled to Zittau. In 1631 his heir and uncle David Heinrich von Tschirnhaus returned to Grafenstein with the Saxon troops and took possession of the rule. The following year, Albrecht von Waldstein took the castle and handed it over to his cousin Maximilian von Waldstein in 1633. In 1637 David Heinrich von Tschirnhaus became the owner of the estate again, but the Protestant was also forced to leave the Kingdom of Bohemia. Because of the war and the high debts, von Tschirnhaus could not find a buyer for the rule. At the end of the war, Grafenstein, together with the Friedland and Hauska castles, served as a border fortress until around 1643. On September 16, 1645, the Swedish military leader von Königsmarck took due Burg on his march from Reibersdorf to Friedland, presumably without a fight. After the Swedes withdrew, the Lords of Tschirnhaus got the castle back in 1648 and sold the rule to Johann Hartwig von Nostitz in 1651 , who in the same year sold it to Adam Matthias von Trauttmansdorff and Weinsberg. The place consisted of the castle, the outer bailey, the pheasantry and the Grafenstein Meierhof as well as the village Grafenstein, which was built on the site of the destroyed Grafenthal .
At the beginning of 1680 there was another peasant uprising under the direction of the Wetzwald judge Hans Thiele. Under Adam's successors Rudolf Wilhelm and Johann Josef von Trauttmansdorff, the debt increased to such an extent that Johann Josef von Trauttmansdorff had to sell the castle for 401,500 guilders on the orders of the Bohemian Chamber. Emperor Leopold I confirmed the sale on November 18, 1704. The new owner of the Grafenstein estate was Johann Wenzel von Gallas on Reichenberg and Friedland. From then on, Grafenstein only served as the center of a secondary rule of the Gallas dominion. During the Seven Years' War the Prussians used the granary in the service yard opposite the palace complex as a hospital. Then the castle was used again as a hospital, this time for the Habsburg soldiers, 700 of whom died here and were buried next to the granary. In 1786 the village consisted of 23 properties.
In 1832 Grafenstein consisted of 29 houses with 164 German-speaking residents. In the village there was the stately castle with the official chancellery and civil servants' apartments, the stately brewery, a brandy distillery, a stately farm with a sheep farm and bulk floor, a hunter's house and a school. The parish was Grottau . Until the middle of the 19th century, Grafenstein was the official village of the allodial rule Grafenstein.
After the abolition of patrimonial Grafenstein formed from 1850 a district of the community Ullersdorf in the Bunzlauer Kreis and judicial district Kratzau . From 1868 the village belonged to the Reichenberg district . In 1880 Grafenstein broke away from Ullersdorf and formed its own political community. After the founding of Czechoslovakia, the large estates of Count Clam-Gallas were nationalized as part of the land reform. The allocation of 250 hectares of agricultural land and 300 hectares of forest to the Czech lawyer and large landowner Šolc from Zbuzany was exploited by German national circles as an example of corruption and misuse of land reform in the conflict between nationalities. In the 1920s, Count Franz Clam-Gallas made the keep and St. Barbara's Chapel accessible to visitors. Another attraction for day trippers was the tavern at Grafensteiner Teich below the castle hill, where the beer from the castle brewery was served. The Czech place name Grabštejn has also been used since 1924 . In 1930 Grafenstein had 186 inhabitants. With the death of Franz Clam-Gallas, the Clam-Gallas line became extinct in the male line. His daughter Maria Podstatzky-Liechtenstein became the heiress of the castle , the castle brewery fell to her sister Clothilde Clam-Gallas. In 1931 the brewery ceased operations. In the same year, a family museum of the Clam-Gallas was established at the castle, in which Maria's husband Karl Podstatzki-Liechtenstein also showed his hunting trophies from Africa.
After the Munich Agreement , it was incorporated into the German Reich in 1938; until 1945 Grafenstein belonged to the Reichenberg district . In 1939 there were 226 people in the village. After the end of the Second World War, Grabštejn came back to Czechoslovakia. In 1946 and 1947, most of the German-Bohemian residents, including the Clam-Gallas family, were expropriated and expelled. The nationalized castle was then used as barracks for the Czechoslovak army and the castle was left to decay. In 1948 Grabštejn was incorporated into Chotyně and at the same time assigned to the Okres Liberec-okolí. Since 1960 the village has belonged again to the Okres Liberec. On July 1, 1980 it was incorporated into Hrádek nad Nisou. Chotyně and Grabštejn separated on September 1, 1990 again from Hrádek nad Nisou and formed the municipality of Chotyně. After the Velvet Revolution, the castle was initially poorly repaired and made accessible again in 1990. The army later cleared the castle and the dog training facility set up in the park. In 1991 Grabštejn had 131 inhabitants. In 2001 the village consisted of 23 houses in which 127 people lived. In total, the place consists of 34 houses.
Local division
The district Grabštejn forms a cadastral district.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Franz Bernert (1811–1890), Catholic clergyman
Attractions
- Grabštejn castle and chateau with chapel of St. Barbara and Park
- Meierhof with pheasantry
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/653535/Grabstejn
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller: Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia , Fourth Part - Bunzlauer Kreis, 1786, pp. 281–282
- ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 2 Bunzlauer Kreis, 1834, p. 283
- ↑ State parliament speech by MP Hans Krebs ( DNSAP )
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Reichenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf