Bílý Kostel nad Nisou
| Bílý Kostel nad Nisou | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Liberec | ||||
| Area : | 2573.3162 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 49 ' N , 14 ° 55' E | ||||
| Height: | 275 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,017 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 463 31 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Liberec - Zittau | ||||
| Railway connection: | Zittau - Liberec | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 3 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jiří Formánek (as of 2008) | ||||
| Address: | Bílý Kostel nad Nisou 206 463 31 Bílý Kostel nad Nisou |
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| Municipality number: | 563919 | ||||
| Website : | www.bily-kostel.cz | ||||
Bílý Kostel nad Nisou (German Weißkirchen an der Neisse ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eleven kilometers northwest of the city center of Liberec and belongs to the Okres Liberec .
geography
Bílý Kostel nad Nisou is located northwest of the Jeschkengebirge in the valley of the Lusatian Neisse . The southwestern pass Jitravské sedlo ( Freudenhöhe , 319 m) forms the transition from the Jeschken Mountains to the Lusatian Mountains . To the east of the village rises the Chrastavský Špičák ( Spitzberg , 361 m), in the south lie the Dlouhá hora ( Long Mountain , 748 m) and the Velký Vápenný ( Great Limestone Mountain , 790 m). To the southwest lie the Jítravský vrch ( Sponge Mountain ) with the ruins of the Roimund Castle and the Fellerkofel, as well as the Vysoká ( Trögelsberg , 545 m).
The Zittau – Liberec railway runs through the village . To the north, Bílý Kostel is crossed by state road 35 from Liberec to Zittau . The state road 13 / E 442 runs through the southern part of the village and leads from Chrastava over the Jitravské sedlo to Jablonné v Podještědí . Both roads join to the west between Bílý Kostel and Chrastava. The Oder-Neisse cycle path leads through the village .
Neighboring towns are Pekařka in the north, Dolní Vítkov in the northeast, Dolní Chrastava and Chrastava in the east, Andělská Hora in the southeast, Panenská Hůrka in the south, Na Rozkoši and Jítrava in the southwest, Dolní Suchá in the west and Chotyně and Grabštejn in the northwest.
history
It is believed that the first settlement of the area with its dense forests occurred in the 8th and 9th centuries by the Slavic Milzenians . The present village was established in the 13th century during the German colonization of Bohemia under the Přemyslids . The place was first mentioned in 1352 as Alba Ecclesia . By the residents to the rule was Grafstein associated village after his former owner Heinrich von Dohna , who in 1347 also Wachtenburg Roimund had created when Heinrichsdorf referred. In the course of history the place names Heinersdorf , Hennesdorf and Henrici Villa can be found for the village, which is always subject to Grafenstein , and later it was referred to as Weysskirch and Weisskirchen . The residents initially lived from agriculture or handicrafts. From the 13th century onwards, mining of iron, copper, silver and lead ore in the mountains of the Jeschkengebirge took place in Frauenberg. This reached its heyday around 1470.
In the years 1428 to 1434 Weißkirchen was ravaged by the Hussites . In 1447, the troops of the Upper Lusatian Six- City League destroyed Roimund Castle. At the end of the 15th century, the ruin had become a hideout for a band of robbers who made the area unsafe. In 1512 Nikolaus II von Dohna conquered the robber's seat, had the ruin razed and released its remains to the residents of Weißkirchen as building material. In 1562 the burgraves of Dohna sold the rule to Georg Mehl von Strehlitz. He promoted rule and mining. For the conversion of Grafenstein Castle into a Renaissance castle , he placed heavy burdens on his subjects, which resulted in a peasant uprising in 1566. Mehl, who only owned the lower mountain shelf, also appropriated the silver due to the sovereign to finance the construction of the palace. After this became evident, he was sentenced and the rule was forcibly sold.
During the Thirty Years' War in 1631 Hungarian and Croatian troops under Rudolf von Tiefenbach devastated and plundered the village. In 1635 troops from the Electorate of Saxony invaded Weißkirchen and in 1639 the imperial ones followed. The following year, a plague epidemic broke out in which half of the population died. In 1645 the Swedes occupied the village. They robbed the church and destroyed the smelter. When recatholization began in 1651 , the majority of the residents decided to keep the Protestant faith and went into exile . Because of the burdens imposed by Count Gallas, a peasant revolt broke out in 1680 under the leadership of the Weißkirchen blacksmith Petrus Thiel. After its suppression, Thiel was able to evade his arrest by fleeing.
In 1773 an attempt was made to resume ore mining, which was unsuccessful. Instead, the mining of calcite began . Industrialization began in the second third of the 19th century, and the first textile factory was established in 1836. In 1842 a wooden bridge was built over the Neisse, on which tolls were collected from 1848. After the abolition of patrimonial Weisskirchen with the districts of Bäckenhain, Freudenhöh and Frauenberg formed a political municipality in the judicial district of Kratzau and Reichenberg from 1850 . In 1858 the place was damaged by a flood of the Neisse. In the following year the construction of the Zittau-Reichenberger Railway began. Because of the risk of fire from flying sparks from the locomotives, the roofs of the houses along the railway line had to be covered with slate. From 1864 a night watchman was employed in the village to protect the property of the residents. Weißkirchen train station was inaugurated in 1867. In 1868 the volunteer fire brigade Weißkirchen was founded. In 1871, Anton Ressel set up a sheep's wool spinning mill in parts of the mill. In 1883 the Soyka brothers built a large paper mill. In 1894 the new school house was inaugurated. In 1895 the new road to Nieder Berzdorf and Ketten was built . During the July floods of 1897, the Neisse flooded 174 houses.
In 1900 Weißkirchen had 1,600 inhabitants. In 1905 the popular excursion inn burned down on the Freudenhöhe. The official name of the municipality was extended to Weisskirchen an der Neisse / Bílý Kostel nad Nisou in 1916 . The new concrete bridge over the Neisse was completed on October 25, 1926. A Czech minority school and a Czech kindergarten were established on the ground floor of the school in 1927. In 1930 there were 1652 people in the parish. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Weißkirchen an der Neisse was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Reichenberg district until 1945 . In 1939 there were 1522 people in the village. In April 1941 a camp for 20 French prisoners of war was set up on a homestead; today it is the “U Formánků” inn. A German Junkers plane with a crew of seven crashed on Kalkberg in October 1941. In 1942, a camp for Soviet prisoners of war, who were used for work on the railway line, was set up in the Pfohl factory. The former Jäger textile factory was converted into a satellite camp of the Groß Rosen concentration camp in September 1944 , to which Dutch and French Jewish women from the Auschwitz concentration camp were relocated for forced labor in the Spreewerke arms factory in neighboring Kratzau . After the war, which took place the expulsion of the German population. In 1946 the bones of nine Jewish women and two Soviet prisoners of war who had perished in the concentration camps were exhumed. The two Russians were solemnly buried in the cemetery and a memorial stone was erected. The remains of the Jewish women were returned to their home countries. The repopulation with the Czech population could not compensate for the loss of population. Numerous farmsteads remained ownerless and fell into disrepair. In 1960 a demolition squad of the Czechoslovak army moved to Bílý Kostel nad Nisou and tore down 60 to 70 dilapidated properties.
After the floods of 1958, in which a ten-year-old boy drowned, the Neisse river was regulated in 1960 and 1961. Until 1960 Bílý Kostel nad Nisou belonged to Okres Liberec-okolí and came to Okres Liberec at the beginning of 1961. From 1980 to 1990 Bílý Kostel was incorporated into Chrastava . In 1991 190 of the 212 houses in the village were permanently used for residential purposes. 742 people lived in them.
Community structure
The municipality of Bílý Kostel nad Nisou consists of the districts Bílý Kostel nad Nisou ( Weißkirchen an der Neisse ), Panenská Hůrka ( Frauenberg ) and Pekařka ( Bäckenhain ). Bílý Kostel nad Nisou also includes the one-layer Na Rozkoši ( Joy Hill ).
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Bílý Kostel nad Nisou and Panenská Hůrka.
Attractions
- Ruins of Roimund Castle and Fellerkofel rock , southwest of the village above Freudenhöhe in the forests of the Jeschkengebirge
- Elephant stones natural monument , southwest of the village at the foot of the Vysoká in the Lusatian Mountains
- Church of St. Nikolaus, the building erected in the 17th century was expanded to include a church tower in 1679 and was given its current baroque appearance in 1732
- Minimuzeum máslování - exhibition of historical exhibits on butter production and milk processing
- Chapel in the cemetery
- Chapel of St. Trinity in Panenská Hůrka, consecrated in 1911
Sons and daughters
- Franz Sitte (1818–1879), Austrian architect
- Erwin Pracht (1925-2004), German philosopher
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/563919/Bily-Kostel-nad-Nisou
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/563919/Obec-Bily-Kostel-nad-Nisou
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/563919/Obec-Bily-Kostel-nad-Nisou