Moossee
| Moossee | ||
|---|---|---|
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| The Moossee at the bathing establishment | ||
| Geographical location | Swiss plateau | |
| Tributaries | Urtenen | |
| Drain | Urtenen | |
| Places on the shore | Moosseedorf | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 603 221 / 207928 | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 521 m above sea level M. | |
| length | 1.1 km | |
| width | 300 m | |
| Maximum depth | 21.1 m | |
The Moossee is since 1963 under nature conservation standing lake near the village of Moosseedorf in the canton of Bern , Switzerland .
location
The Moossee is located in the Swiss Mittelland in the communities Moosseedorf and Urtenen-Schönbühl about 10 km north of Bern . The municipality of Münchenbuchsee is located around 2 km west of the Moossees . The catchment area of the lake is 20.8 km². With the Urtenen , the lake with its confluence with the Emme near Bätterkinden is drained.
Surroundings
The A6 motorway runs north and east of the Moossees . In the west between the lake and Münchenbuchsee there is a golf course and a campsite. Directly on the lake, on the southwest side, there is a restaurant, a boat rental and a fish farm, at the southeast end the lido of the municipality of Moosseedorf. There is no direct connection to the forest, the Moossee is relatively isolated in an agricultural area.
use
The increasing shortage of firewood from 1777 onwards led the Bern council to inquire in Holland whether peat could be used for firing. As a result, around 1795, around 6,000 loads of 2 m³ each year from the Münchenbuchseemoos, mainly for the official firing, were carried to Bern. The massive peat digs quickly led to the groundwater , which gave the impetus for lowering the moss lake. At that time, the Urtenenbach in the village of Urtenen was dammed at the Kote 523 m to drive the saw and oil there. Through the influence of Bailiff Karl Ludwig von Erlach in Landshut, the Council of Bern subsidized the relocation of the saw to Hindelbank and the Oele to Jegenstorf . The neighboring communities also paid a part and so the Urtenenbach could be lowered so that the lake level came to be 2.35 m lower. This enabled additional land for peat exploitation and additional soil to be gained for agricultural purposes.
Lowering of the lake level
In the past, as today, heavy rainfall at Moossee led to flooding in the adjacent area. The threshold in Schönbrunnen lies between Moosseetal / Urtenenbach and Lyssbach at an altitude of 528 m. With the exception of the Moospinte, all parts of the village built before around 1850 are higher up. In order to be able to use the water power, the creek in Urtenen was dammed at 523 m. Furthermore, there has been a natural flood overflow at 525 m in Schönbühl since ancient times. The level of the lake is now 521 m.
In the 1770s, Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli, the co-founder of the Economic and Non-Profit Society of the Canton of Bern, worked from his country estate in Hof (Tschiffelihaus, Schlössliweg 6) to improve agriculture and drain the Moosseetal. As a result of the peat digging, the lake was first deepened around 1780. The Urtenen was dug up and the first goods were amalgamated.
However, because later floods and poor groundwater drainage again led to swamping, a preparatory company was founded at the end of 1853. In February 1856 the Great Council approved the execution, which should lower the lake by another 2.4 m. At the end of 1857, the work was essentially finished. In 1865, after the accounts had been closed, the company was dissolved and the maintenance of the plant was transferred to a sleeper cooperative (today the Urtenenbach hydraulic engineering association).
At the beginning of the 20th century, the insufficient drainage of the groundwater and the subsidence of the surface of the land due to the continued peat extraction led to renewed swamping of the area. Only after the end of the First World War did the government and the Grand Council approve further amelioration . This time, in contrast to the two earlier ones, a slight lowering of the lake level was planned, the main measures being the drainage of the area and the improvement of the runoff conditions. In order to maintain the necessary gradient for the inflowing brooks and drainage lines contained in tubes , the open main canal above the small lake had to be laid very flat. Below the large lake, the bottom of the canal was lowered by about one meter and the gradient leveled out to one per thousand. A weir was also built at the outflow of the lake so that the groundwater level could be maintained in dry times and flooding in areas down the valley could be avoided during high water.
Based on the subsidence, it can be assumed that the lake used to be significantly larger than it is today.
archeology
The lowering in 1780 caused the bank to be exposed. As a result, the doctor Uhlmann from Münchenbuchsee discovered the remains of pile dwellings at both ends of the lake in 1856 . The SJW magazine No. 18, “Die Pfahlbauer vom Moossee” by Hans Zulliger with a circulation of 200,000, made the area well known. During the construction work for the lido at the eastern end of the lake, additional finds were documented and secured during the emergency excavations carried out by the Archaeological Service in 2011. A plank path and palisades were found which probably served as access and delimitation to the Neolithic village. Also a dugout canoe made of linden wood.
The approximately 6500 year old and 5.77 m long boat has been freely accessible to visitors in an outdoor showcase on the lake shore since summer 2018.
Use today
The Moossee is claimed from different sides. It is a popular excursion destination for residents of the Bern region and is accordingly well attended, especially in the summer months. Bathing is prohibited except in the open-air pool where the Urtenen drains . In cold winters, the Moossee can be used for ice skating .
The lido, which has existed since 1924, has been repeatedly rebuilt. The buildings that were erected in the last construction phase 2011–2012 are raised on massive foundation walls in order to be protected against the repeated floods in the future. A new riverside path with a greater distance to the south bank was also built at great expense - new space for the renaturation of the bank protection area. The new lido and the newly created riverside path opened on June 2, 2012.
Private fishing rights exist on the lake. The lake is open for sport fishing for 8 ½ months (April 15 to December 31). Boats can be rented for fishing, but you are not allowed to use your own boats. The main fish in the Moossee are pike , pikeperch , perch and carp .
A fish farm is located on the southern shore of the lake . This feeds its fish with plankton , which it catches in the Moossee. The fish farm, which also raises stocking fish, partly also catches their spawning animals in the Moossee.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Stefan Bosshardt: History. OGG Bern, accessed on June 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Stilt houses on the Moosee. Moosseedorf community, accessed on June 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Archaeological Service
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from August 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Excavations 2011
- ↑ Resolutions of the municipal council of May 29 and June 26, 2017. Moosseedorf community, accessed on June 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Park am See / built-in showcase. Moosseedorf community, accessed on June 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
