Panenská Hůrka
| Panenská Hůrka | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Liberec | ||||
| Municipality : | Bílý Kostel nad Nisou | ||||
| Area : | 448.8257 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 48 ' N , 14 ° 56' E | ||||
| Height: | 370 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 8 (March 1, 2001) | ||||
| Postal code : | 463 31 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Chrastava - Panenská Hůrka | ||||
| Railway connection: | Zittau - Liberec | ||||
Panenská Hůrka (German Frauenberg ) is a district of the municipality Bílý Kostel nad Nisou in the Czech Republic. It is located three kilometers west of Chrastava and belongs to the Okres Liberec .
geography
Panenská Hůrka is located in the northwest of the Jeschkengebirge on a saddle between the Chladný důl and Obří strž reasons on the left side over the valley of the Lusatian Neisse . The southwestern pass Jitravské sedlo ( Freudenhöhe , 319 m) forms the transition from the Jeschken Mountains to the Lusatian Mountains . South of the village rises the Dlouhá hora ( Long Mountain , 748 m), in the southwest of the Velký Vápenný ( Great Limestone Mountain , 790 m) and the Jítravský vrch ( Sponge Mountain , 651 m) with the ruins of Roimund Castle and the Fellerkofel, and in the west the Vysoká ( Trögelsberg , 545 m).
Below the village, the Zittau – Liberec railway runs through the Neisse valley , the next station is Chrastava. North of Panenská Hůrka the state road 13 / E 442 runs the Chrastava over the Jitravské sedlo to Jablonné v Podještědí , from which the state road 35 branches off to Zittau .
Neighboring towns are Bílý Kostel nad Nisou in the north, Dolní Chratsva in the northeast, Chrastava in the east, Andělská Hora in the southeast, Rokytnice and Kryštofovo Údolí in the south, Zdislava and Jítrava in the southwest and Na Rozkoši and Dolní Suchá in the west.
history
Frauenberg emerged as a medieval mining settlement. Heinrich von Dohna , who was enfeoffed by Přemysl Ottokar II with the Grafenstein Castle in 1256 , summoned Meissnian miners into the country in the same year , who started mining in the area of Frauenberg. The mints in Lusatia were also supplied with the silver obtained. In the 14th century Frauenberg was elevated to a mountain spot and given privileges. In addition to silver, lead, iron and copper were mined. When the Grafenstein rule was divided, Hans I von Dohna received the area to the left of the Neisse in 1347 and had Roimund Castle built. Hans and Heinrich von Dohna in Nowa Ruda waived on January 25, 1357 compared to their cousins and Hans Wenzel von Dohna on Grafstein all claims in the reign Grafstein and gave them also conceded there mining right to.
After Johann von Wartenberg had acquired Roimund Castle in 1414, he appointed the Hackenborn brothers as administrators of the Frauenberg mine. They were also responsible for supervising the regular repayment of the share of the Görlitz council in the Frauenberg mining industry. Hussite incursions began in the area in 1419 . In 1424 the dispute escalated with the Görlitz council, which accused the shift supervisor of misappropriating the funds made available. The miners refused to work and on September 19th submitted a complaint in the interests of their good reputation ... and about the conditions in Upper Lusatia to the Jihlava Council . In May 1425 three representatives of the Görlitz council traveled to Frauenberg because of a dispute over their share, together with the bailiff's envoy, Meizner.
On October 25, 1425, Emperor Sigismund granted the city of Zittau the privilege of weighing and defeating; at the same time he left the lead extracted on the Frauenberg and the mine in Frauenberg to the city. The dispute over the claims of the council of Görlitz probably settled in the turmoil of the Hussite Wars. In the following time the mine and the smelter were down. Johann VI. and Nikolaus I. von Dohna auf Grafenstein were able to bring the Frauenberg mining to bloom again from 1470. The opening of high-yield silver mines in the area led to the establishment of the new mountain settlement Engelsberg.
In 1500 the Frauenberger Bergmeister was accused of buying tools from robbers in Gerlachsheim. At the same time, the Steiger Michael Kalo auf Kahlenberg was accused of having been involved in the robbery of Gerlachsheim. Mining began to decline in the second half of the 16th century. Technical difficulties and the poor economic situation of the Grafenstein rule led to standouts by the miners and disputes among the trades, who saw themselves as being deprived of their money. In 1562 the burgraves of Dohna sold the rule to Georg Mehl von Strehlitz. However, they still held the mining rights. In 1570 Hans von Dohna complained to Emperor Maximilian II about the refusal of the right to which he was entitled by Georg Mehl.
In the famine year of 1772, the inhabitants of the former mountain towns of Frauenberg and Engelsberg sought to resume the extinct mining industry. Geologist Jan Josef Čapek from Kuttenberg commissioned the owner of Grafenstein Christoph Christian Clam-Gallas to record the old mining in Frauenberg, on Schachteberg near Christofsgrund and on Schafberg near Engelsberg. Christoph Christian Clam-Gallas made a large sum of 3,000 florins available for the resumption of mining. In 1776 the work was stopped again without success.
After the abolition of patrimonial Frauenberg formed from 1850 a district of the political community Weisskirchen in the Reichenberg district and the judicial district of Kratzau . In 1890 the village consisted of 30 houses and 158 inhabitants. All of them were Catholics and belonged to the German ethnic group. At that time there was a weaving mill and a fulling mill for skirts in the village. The place of the church of St. Nikolaus in Weisskirchen was parish.
As a result of the Munich Agreement , Frauenberg was added to the German Reich as part of the municipality of Weißkirchen an der Neisse in 1938 and belonged to the Reichenberg district until 1945 . After the war, which took place the expulsion of the German population. In 1946 the place was named Panenská Hůrka . In 1991 the place had 6 inhabitants. In 2001 the village consisted of 10 houses in which 8 people lived.
Today Panenská Hůrka is primarily a place of relaxation in the forests of the Jeschken Mountains. At the foot of the Dlouhá hora, in the upper Chladný důl, the Hutní kout ( Frauenberger Hüttung ) square reminds of the location of the Frauenberg Hut.
Attractions
- Ruins of Roimund Castle and Fellerkofel rock , southwest of the village above Freudenhöhe in the forests of the Jeschkengebirge
- Elephant stones natural monument , southwest of the village at the foot of the Vysoká in the Lusatian Mountains
- Chapel of St. Trinity, consecrated in 1911
- Bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall on the northern slope of the Dlouhá hora
Web links
- History of mining in Kryštofovo Údolí, Panenská Hůrka, Andělská Hora and the surrounding area (Czech)