Višňová u Frýdlantu

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Višňová
Višňová coat of arms
Višňová u Frýdlantu (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Liberecký kraj
District : Liberec
Area : 3027.9693 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 58 '  N , 15 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 57 '59 "  N , 15 ° 1' 30"  E
Height: 228  m nm
Residents : 1,331 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 464 01
License plate : L.
traffic
Street: Frýdlant - Černousy
Railway connection: Liberec – Zawidów
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 9
administration
Mayor : Marie Matušková (as of 2007)
Address: Višňová 184
464 01 Frýdlant
Municipality number: 564494
Website : www.ob-vis.net

Višňová , until 1948 Weigsdorf , also Böhmisch Weigsdorf is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It belongs to the North Bohemian Okres Liberec and is located on the Polish border in the Jizera foothills .

geography

Višňová extends on the lower reaches of the Višňovský potok ( Weigsdorf brook ) and once formed the Niederdorf of the elongated forest hoof village Weigsdorf . To the north rise the Pohanské Kameny ( Hain or Michelsberg , 297 m) with the striking rock formation of the Heidenstein, in the northeast the Hradec ( Abtsberg , 313 m) and east of the Kamenáč (304 m). On the eastern edge of the village, the Liberec – Zawidów railway runs through the Smědá valley ( Wittig ).

Neighboring towns are Filipovka and Michalovice in the north, Předlánce in the northeast, Nové Pertoltice in the east, Poustka in the southeast, Minkovice in the south, Wyszków in the west and Wolanów and Saň in the northwest. The southwestern neighboring village of Wigancice Żytawskie was abandoned in 1999.

history

Half-timbered houses in Višňová
Pedestrian crossing Višňová-Wigancice Żytawskie
View of Višňová

The place on the Weigsdorfer Bach, a tributary of the Wittig , was first mentioned in writing in 1334 by Petrus de Wicgnandisdorf and consisted of an upper and a lower village. The first church is documented in 1346.

The upper village was part of the civil lordship Friedland - Seidenberg and from 1454 in the possession of the Lords of Bieberstein . When the rulership was divided, Oberweigsdorf came to the newly formed Seidenberg- Reibersdorf rulership belonging to Christian von Nostitz in 1630 .

Niederweigsdorf was initially owned by the local aristocratic von Weigsdorf family, which died out in 1620. Since the beginning of the 17th century, the place began to be fragmented, and after the Thirty Years' War several refugee settlements were founded, including Minkwitz .

In 1546, Melchior von Schwanitz on Niederweigsdorf and Friedrich von Bieberstein on Seidenberg installed the first Protestant pastor as collators in Weigsdorf. As with the Peace of Prague from 1635 Bohemia the Oberlausitz in Saxony handed, created in Weigsdorf unmanageable border relations, directed according to the means of land. The associated division of the Weigsdorf parish into a Bohemian and a Saxon part also led to a religious dispute over the pastor's office. Since the Weigsdorf Church formed a Saxon exclave in the Bohemian area, it remained Protestant, while the Counter-Reformation was enforced with a hard hand in the surrounding Bohemian area . The Friedlander Herrschaft tried to prevent their subjects from attending Protestant services in the border church . The 44 Catholics from Weigsdorf were looked after by the Engelsdorf pastor. The new church bell, which was purchased in 1734, was initially deposited on the border in Niederweigsdorfer Sandkretscham, because there were concerns about its safe transport to the church via Bohemian territory. When in 1681 the Counts of Gallas acquired the Obervorwerk Niederweigsdorf , it was given the name "Böhmisch Weigsdorf". Linen was already being grown after the Thirty Years' War. Weaving mills developed and the cotton industry developed at the end of the 18th century. After the counts of Clam-Gallas stopped the repression against their Protestant subjects at the end of the 18th century, the Weigsdorf religious dispute eased.

In 1832 the Bohemian part of Weigsdorf and Waigsdorf consisted of 66 houses with 335 German-speaking residents. This included a manorial farm, an oil brawl and the windmill on the grove. The Evangelical church belonging to Saxony was the parish church for the Saxon villages Weigsdorf, Minkwitz, Dörfel , Brüderhäuser, Friedreich, Maxdorf and Neugersdorf as well as the Protestants from Wustung , Priedlanz , Lautsche and the Bohemian part of Weigsdorf. The Catholics were part of the Dechanteikirche Friedland.

Due to the main border and territorial recess between the Kingdom of Saxony and the Austrian Empire on March 5, 1848, extensive border regulations were implemented in and around Weigsdorf to clear up the unmanageable border conditions. As a result, the Saxon rulership of Reibersdorf ceded its share in Niederweigsdorf and the exclave Dörfel and Minkwitz to Bohemia on March 12, 1849, and received the corridors of Niederweigsdorf located between Mittelweigsdorf and the church from the allodial rule Friedland . The church thus came to Böhmisch Weigsdorf, but due to its immediate location on the new border it was accessible from both sides without hindrance. The Friedland lordship renounced their church patronage rights, whereby the Reibersdorf rulership became the sole holder of the church patronage.

After the abolition of patrimonial Weigsdorf formed from 1850 with the districts Michelsberg, Minkwitz and Dörfel a municipality in the Bunzlauer Kreis and judicial district Friedland . From 1868 the place belonged to the Friedland district . In the middle of the 19th century, the mining of lignite began , but it was stopped again due to inexperience. In 1872 the district road to Friedland was built. With the inauguration of the Reichenberg – Seidenberg (–Görlitz) line in 1875, Weigsdorf received a station on the south-north German connecting line . In 1880 Dörfel broke away from Weigsdorf and formed its own community. The Robert Neumann coconut weaving mill came into being at the end of the 19th century. In 1910, the Weigsdorfer Textilwerke AG, popularly called Jute-Werke , opened the second factory in Weigsdorf. In 1927 the community of Weigsdorf had 912 inhabitants, in 1930 there were 971. After the Munich Agreement , it was incorporated into the German Reich in 1938; Until 1945 Weigsdorf belonged to the Friedland district . The owners of Weigsdorfer Textilwerke AG, the family of the Reichenberg factory owner Otto Goltz, were expropriated as Jews in 1938 and fell victim to the Holocaust . In 1939 there were 901 people living in the community. In the war years from 1941 to 1945, over 1,000 people worked in the Weigsdorf textile factories. After the end of the Second World War Weigsdorf came back to Czechoslovakia, in 1946 and 1947 most of the German-Bohemian residents were expelled. The Robert Neumann coconut weaving mill was shut down in 1946. The Saxon Weigsdorf came to Poland through the Oder-Neisse border , which had existed since 1945 . On the Polish side, there was no interest in sharing the border church, nor was there a willingness to tolerate entry from the Czech side. As a result, the church could not be used for a long time until a border regulation, in which the church and cemetery were completely added to the national territory of Czechoslovakia, and fell into disrepair.

In 1948 the place was renamed Višňová. In 1960 the Okres Frýdlant was dissolved, and Višňová has belonged to the Okres Liberec ever since . In the same year Předlánce , Víska and Poustka were incorporated. On July 1, 1980, Andělka (with Loučná, Filipovka and Saň) and Černousy (with Boleslav and Ves ) were incorporated. Černousy, Boleslav and Ves broke away from Višňová on September 1, 1990 and formed the municipality of Černousy. In 1995 a border crossing was opened for hikers to Wigancice Żytawskie in Poland , four years later the resettlement and devastation of the neighboring Polish town began.

The core town Višňová had 540 inhabitants in 1991. In 2001 the village Višňová consisted of 113 houses, in which 541 people lived.

Population development

Church of St. Anna in Andělka
year 1832 1927 1930 1939 1999 2001 2003 2005
Residents (municipality) 912 971 901 1 362 1 342 1 319 1 310
Residents (locality) 335 540 541

Community structure

The community consists of nine districts:

The municipal area is divided into the cadastral districts Andělka, Poustka u Frýdlantu, Předlánce, Víska u Frýdlantu and Višňová u Frýdlantu.

Attractions

Church of the Holy Spirit
  • Church of the Holy Spirit ( Kostel sv. Ducha ) in Višňová. It was built in the second half of the 13th century instead of a chapel from 1160. The church has been in writing since 1346, and in 1546 it became Protestant. Since 1635 it was a Saxon exclave in the Bohemian region. In 1734 the church received a new bell and in 1804 the nave was rebuilt. After the border was established in 1848, the church was located directly on the Bohemian-Saxon border. In 1859, the parsonage next to the church in Saxony was redesigned. In 1908 the church received a new altarpiece by the Dresden painter Paul Rößler . After the Second World War it became Catholic, but could not be used because of its location on the border with Poland. The services were held in the old chapel located exclusively from Czechoslovakian territory. During this time the church fell into disrepair and was looted. Since the border was cleared with Poland, the church has been on Czech territory.
  • St. Anna Church ( Kostel sv. Anny ), in Andělka, first mentioned in 1464 and renovated in 1781 by Johann Joseph Kuntze from Reichenberg as a scaled-down replica of the church he had previously built in Königshain
  • The Heidenstein ( Pohanské Kameny ) is a striking group of granite boulders on Michalův vrch ( Michelsberg , 297 m above sea level) north of Višňová. Archaeological finds suggest that the rocks were an early place of worship. At the summer solstice at sunset and at the winter solstice at sunrise, the sun shines through the rock gate for a few days.
  • numerous half-timbered houses

Sons and daughters of the church

  • Ernst Gustav von Gersdorf (1780–1843), first President of the First Chamber of the Saxon State Parliament
  • Bedřich Fritta (1906–1944), actually Fritz Taussig, Czech-Jewish graphic artist and caricaturist.

literature

  • Tilo Böhmer, Marita Wolff: In the Zittauer Zipfel. Lusatia-Verlag, Bautzen 2001, ISBN 3-929091-85-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ uir.cz
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ zakonyprolidi.cz
  4. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer , Franz Xaver Maximilian Zippe: The Kingdom of Böhmen. Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis. 1834, pp. 313-314.
  5. ↑ soupispamatek.com
  6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sud_friedland.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ↑ czso.cz
  8. ↑ uir.cz
  9. ↑ uir.cz

Web links