Wigancice Żytawskie
Wigancice Żytawskie (German Weigsdorf ) was a village and is a desert in the municipality of Bogatynia (German Reichenau ) ( Powiat Zgorzelecki , Lower Silesian Voivodeship ) in Poland . It was closed in 1999 due to the expansion of the Turów opencast mine (→ devastation ).
Geographical location
The village was located seven kilometers northeast of Bogatynia in the valley of the Weigsdorfer Bach, which flows into the Wittig in the neighboring town of Višňová in the Czech Republic to the east . The geographic coordinates are 50 ° 57 '32 " N , 15 ° 0' 15" O . A large number of Upper Lusatian half-timbered houses stood in Weigsdorf . The grove (297 m) rises to the northeast with the legendary Heidenstein.
history
The place was first mentioned in writing in 1334 by Petrus de Wicgnandisdorf and consisted of an upper and a lower village. The first church in Niederdorf was documented in 1346. In the 17th century, the village was divided into four places, each of which had a court cretscham with its own patrimonial jurisdiction, and further settlements of exiles were established on the corridors.
In 1854 the road from Ostritz via Königshain and Neugersdorf to Mittelweigsdorf and Oberweigsdorf was built. This has significantly improved the transport links. Until then, a road led from Hirschfelde via Seitendorf and Dornhennersdorf to Oberweigsdorf; Mittelweigsdorf, located below on the Bohemian border, was difficult to reach until then. In 1873 a post office and stagecoach connection was established from Hirschfelde, which was replaced by a line of motor vehicles in 1922. Due to the global economic crisis, however, the stagecoach operation was resumed in the same year and finally replaced by motorized transport in 1925, which was later extended to Zittau .
In the late 19th century, a few textile factories, such as the linen factory of Beckert from Zittau, later Paul Göhle, were established in the more easily accessible Oberweigsdorf. The Hengstenberg coconut mill followed in 1890 and the Hartdorf coconut mill followed in 1901. The Weigsdorf lignite mining association was founded in 1872, but it only existed for a short time.
After the unification of the previously independent places to form the municipality of Weigsdorf / Sa. in 1923 it was the easternmost municipality in Saxony until 1945. After the border was established along the Lusatian Neisse , the place belonging to the Zittau district administration became Polish after the Second World War and was given the name Wigancice Żytawskie.
Neugersdorf with the brother houses and Maxdorf were united under the name Wyszków . Friedreich received the name Wolanów and initially became an independent village. Today these places are part of the Bogatynia municipality .
The expansion of the Turów open-cast lignite mine into a large open-cast mine resulted in large spoil heaps southeast of Strzegomice and Wigancice Żytawskie. In 1995 a border crossing for hikers into Višňová in the Czech Republic was opened.
After the neighboring village of Strzegomice had already been cleared, the residents of Wigancice Żytawskie were also evacuated in 1999 in order to use the corridors of this village to topple the dump. The wheelwright's house was moved to Zgorzelec in 2005 . In 2006, Elzbieta Lech-Gotthardt honored Elzbieta Lech-Gotthardt with one of eight prizes for the implementation of the project.
Oberweigsdorf
The upper village was originally part of the civil lordship of Friedland - Seidenberg and was owned by the Biebersteiners from 1454 . When the rulership was divided, Oberweigsdorf became part of the newly formed Seidenberg - Reibersdorf estate, which belonged to Christian von Nostitz, and came to Saxony in 1635 as part of Upper Lusatia.
In 1893 the manufacturer Richter from the Bohemian town of Mildenau (Luh) acquired the manor Oberweigsdorf. On April 13, 1923, the communities of Oberweigsdorf and Mittelweigsdorf merged to form the community of Weigsdorf.
Niederweigsdorf
Niederweigsdorf was initially owned by the local aristocratic von Weigsdorf family, which died out in 1620. The place was originally the center of Weigsdorf, the church, which has been documented since 1346, was also built here.
In 1530 Niederweigsdorf came to the Lords of Schwanitz through an exchange deal with Engelsdorf . At this time residents of Weigsdorf became Protestants, but the last Catholic pastor remained in office until his death. In 1546, the landlords of Oberweigsdorf, Friedrich von Bieberstein, and Niederweigsdorf, Melchior von Schwanitz, who were both Protestants and shared the church patronage, introduced the first Protestant pastor into his office.
Since the beginning of the 17th century, the place began to split up. The cession of Upper Lusatia to Saxony then led to a division between two sovereigns of different denominations in 1635. While the Counter-Reformation had already started in the Bohemian rule of Friedland in the time of Albrecht von Waldstein , it did not take place in Upper Lusatia. The church in Niederweigsdorf remained Protestant and from 1635 formed a Saxon exclave in the Bohemian part of the village. This led to disputes several times and the Friedland rulers tried to prevent their subjects from attending Protestant services.
With the border recession of 1848 this situation was resolved. The church was now directly on the Saxon-Bohemian border; the corridors between Mittelweigsdorf and the church were handed over to Saxony, so that the church was now freely accessible from both sides of the border. Since then, the church patronage has exclusively been held by the rulership of Reibersdorf.
In 1734 the church received a new bell, in 1804 the nave was rebuilt and in 1908 a new altarpiece by the Dresden painter Paul Rößler was inaugurated. The neighboring rectory, which was directly on the Bohemian border, was redesigned in 1859.
Mittelweigsdorf, Friedreich, Maxdorf and Neugersdorf
The sale to the owner of Dornhennersdorf, Christoph von Gersdorff , resulted in Niederweigsdorf Gersdorff's share in 1610 , which also came to Saxony in 1635 and on whose corridors the Neugersdorf refugee settlement was founded in 1666 , to which the brothers' houses were later added. After Johanna Charlotte von Gersdorff transferred the Gersdorff share to her husband Johann Maximilian von Nüßler in 1727, this part was referred to as the Niederweigsdorf Nüßler share . During this time, another settlement emerged on this part with Maxdorf, founded in 1735 . From 1760 the name Mittel-Weigsdorf can be identified for the first time for the Nüßler part . In 1766, Captain Goldschmidt von Goldenberg acquired Mittel-Weigsdorf, including Neugersdorf and Maxdorf, and in 1767 had the village of Friedreich laid out on this property . Adolph Ferdinand von Runckel, who had acquired Mittelweigsdorf including all associated settlements in 1778, sold it to the Lords of Einsiedel in Reibersdorf as early as 1783 .
In 1832 Gottfried von Metzig acquired Mittelweigsdorf together with the Bischoff brothers. Von Metzig, who died in 1855, was the last heir, feudal lord and court lord of Weigsdorf. As a result of the division of Upper Lusatia and the cession of Dörfel to Bohemia, Mittelweigsdorf became the easternmost village in the Kingdom of Saxony in 1848. After the abolition of patrimonial jurisdiction, the independent villages Mittelweigsdorf, Friedreich, Maxdorf and Neugersdorf were created, which merged in 1872 to form the community of Mittelweigsdorf.
In 1893 the factory owner Richter from Mildenau bought the Mittelweigsdorf estate . In 1911 the court cricket burned down.
Upper Vorwerk Niederweigsdorf
From the Gersdorff share , Christoph von Gersdorff sold the Obervorwerk to the Kalckreuth family in 1616 . This fiefdom remained in Bohemian territory when Upper Lusatia was ceded to Saxony in 1635 and Balthasar von Kalckreuth had to sell his property in 1651 due to the Counter-Reformation . Via the Lords of Döbern, the Obervorwerk came to the Counts of Gallas in 1681 (later inherited by Clam-Gallas ) and was incorporated into the Friedland dominion as Böhmisch Weigsdorf . After the border regulation of 1848, the municipality of Böhmisch Weigsdorf was created.
Niedervorwerk Niederweigsdorf, Minkwitz
The Niedervorwerk belonging to Upper Lusatia was the part of Niederweigsdorf that remained in the possession of the von Schwanitz family until 1732. One of the many subsequent owners was Caspar Heinrich von Minckwitz , who in 1770 had the Saxon exclave of Neuminkwitz built on an associated corridor in the middle of the Bohemian region . In 1788 the Lords of Einsiedel on Reibersdorf acquired the Niedervorwerk including Neuminkwitz, for which the name Minkwitz was later established . As a result of the border recession between Saxony and Bohemia in 1848, large parts of the lower suburbs and the Minkwitz exclave were handed over to Bohemia and became part of the newly formed municipality of Böhmisch Weigsdorf.
Development of the population
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literature
- Tilo Böhmer / Marita Wolff: Im Zittauer Zipfel , Lusatia-Verlag Bautzen, ISBN 3-929091-85-2
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Weigsdorf. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 29. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Zittau (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1906, p. 247.
Web links
- Historical and current recordings as well as geographical location
- Weigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Mittelweigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Oberweigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Half-timbered house price. Umbindehaus Foundation, accessed on October 26, 2016 (The Umbindehaus Foundation took over and continued to carry out the Ambient House Prize, as it did later, its tasks, step by step.)
- ↑ Cf. Weigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Cf. Mittelweigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ See Oberweigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony