Jeřmanice
| Jeřmanice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Liberec | ||||
| Area : | 437.2931 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 42 ' N , 15 ° 5' E | ||||
| Height: | 456 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 537 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 463 12 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Liberec - Turnov | ||||
| Railway connection: | Pardubice - Liberec | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Karel Černý (as of 2008) | ||||
| Address: | Pastevní 274 463 12 Jeřmanice |
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| Municipality number: | 530484 | ||||
| Website : | www.jermanice.cz | ||||
Jeřmanice (German Hermannsthal , until 1897 Jerschmanitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers southwest of the city center of Jablonec nad Nisou and belongs to the Okres Liberec .
geography
Jeřmanice is located in the valley of the Neisse tributary Jeřmanický potok or Bajerský potok ( Bayerbachs ) in the Jeschken Mountains . The village lies on the watershed between the Lusatian Neisse and the Jizera . In the southwest rises the Javorník ( Jaberlich , 684 m ), in the northeast the Hraničník ( Spitzberg , 603 m ) and in the north the Císařský kámen ( Kaiserstein , 637 m ), named after the Austrian Emperor Joseph II , on his wooded hillside Köhler Produced charcoal and the district Milíře ( Kohlstatt ) was formed.
Neighboring towns are Fibich, Horni Podlesí and Vratislavice nad Nisou in the north, Milíře in the Northeast, Rádlo and Dolánky the east, Rydvaltice, Pelíkovice and Rychnov u Jablonce nad Nisou in the southeast, Bursin and Záskalí in the south, Žďárek in the southwest, Javorník in the west and Dlouhý Most in the northwest.
history
Around the year 1300 there was a settlement that is mentioned under the place name Jermanice in the records of the Bohemian land table as the property of the Rabenstein Castle in Aicha in northern Bohemia.
The first certain mention of the basic rule associated Aicha village took place in 1543. At that time consisted of for a locator named place of eighteen farms (Chaluppen). Jeřmanice was laid on a pass over the Jeschkengebirge that led from the Lausitz Neisse along the border water ( Hraniční potok ) and the Bayerbach to the Mohelka . In the land register of the Aicha rulership from 1547, the village of Jermanitz had a village judge , fifteen peasant farms and six cottagers and changed in size only insignificantly until 1647. By 1848 the number of residents increased and the size of the farms was reduced to gardeners' farms. In the course of its history the village belonged to the united rule Aicha Friedstein and from 1820 to the rule Swijan , which was bought in 1820 by Prince Charles Alain de Rohan at the Sychrov Castle and united with the Sychrov rule . On July 5, 1636, at the time of re-Catholicization in Bohemia and during the Thirty Years War , the rule of Bohemian Aicha and Friedstein came to the general of the Croatian horsemen Johann Ludwig Hector von Isolani , who received the large estates with the subordinate places and their income Passed on the lower main lute of his army group as feudal goods. The Siebendörfel estate, the later village of Dörfel bei Reichenberg, in which the village of Jerschmanitz was located, was given to Johann Reinhard von Heister, who came from an ennobled family in Lower Austria, for the sum of 9,000 guilders and was resident in Reichenberg .
In order to revive Gut Siebendörfel, which was depopulated, impoverished and plagued by epidemics after the Thirty Years' War, Johann von Heister issued a charter. This Heister license, entered in the land table on March 13, 1651 , granted Catholic settlers in return for a moderate payment of money privileges that they did not have anywhere else. The robot service with manual and clamping services was omitted and the freedom of trade was extended. The inheritance among the feudal lords and the customary right of ius primae noctis remained. German settlers from the Alpine countries and the Black Forest followed the call. The prosperity of the place increased through the cultivation of grain, oats, potatoes and flax, the breeding of draft oxen and poultry, the trade in eggs, bed feathers and woven goods made of linen and through freight transport services. During the War of the Austrian Succession and the Second Silesian War , the village of Jermanitz had to accommodate, feed and pay contributions to strong troops. During the Seven Years' War Austrian troops crossed the place when the battle near Reichenberg between Prussian and Austrian troops for supremacy in Bohemia took place on April 21, 1757 . In 1778 Emperor Joseph II came to Jerschmanitz to inspect the fortifications on the Kaiserstein, which was later named after him.
In 1834 there were 1640 people in the 228 houses in the village. In 1843 the village of Herschmanitsch had a church with a pastor, an ossuary, a school, thirty farmers, five half-farmers (Chaluppner), fifty-three gardeners, a mill, an inn, a total of 248 houses on an area of 16 hectares, in Kohlstatt with 15 Hectares there was a chapel and 25 houses. The location on a pass over the Jeschkengebirge, which led from the Lusatian Neisse along the border water ( Hraniční potok ) and the Bayerbach to the Mohelka , brought income opportunities through haulage services and hiking businesses.
After the abolition of patrimonial Jerschmanitz / Jeřmanice formed with the district Kohlstadt / Milíře from 1850 a municipality in the judicial district Reichenberg or in the district Reichenberg . In 1869 there were 1794 people in the community, 1603 of them in Jerschmanitz and 191 in Kohlstadt. In 1897 the name of the place was changed to Hermannsthal at the request of the German population under the influence of the Baden language ordinance of the Austrian Prime Minister Kasimir Felix Badeni . In 1900 the community had 1,336 inhabitants. The population decline continued and by 1930 the population had dropped to 971.
After the Munich Agreement , Hermannsthal was added to the German Reich in 1938 and Kohlstatt was transferred to Radl . Until 1945, the community belonged to the Reichenberg district in the Reichsgau Sudetenland . In 1939, 937 people lived in Hermannsthal.
After the end of the Second World War, the village came back to Czechoslovakia and together with Milíře forms a municipality in the Okres Liberec-okolí. On June 16, 1945, the Germans were from Jeřmanice across the border to the Oberlausitz sold . 1961 Milíře was again umgemeindet to Rádlo and Jeřmanice became part of the Okres Liberec . 1980 Jeřmanice lost its independence and was affiliated to Dlouhý Most . Between 1986 and 1992 Jeřmanice then formed a district of Liberec under the name Liberec XXXVII-Jeřmanice . The community has existed again since 1993.
Place name
The spelling of the place name in the Czech or German language changes, but they sound similar: Jermanice, Jermanitz, Gerschmenz, Germanitz etc. around 1900 Jerschmanitz. At the request of the school teacher Töpper, the Imperial Lieutenancy in Prague approved the spelling Hermannsthal on June 7, 1897, which was again Jeřmanice after the end of the Second World War in 1946. The origin of the place name lies in the darkness of the overlapping settlement and language history of the Sorbs and Czechs in northern Bohemia , which was crossed by an old trade and military route from Prague to Zittau in Upper Lusatia .
Community structure
No districts are shown for the Jeřmanice municipality. Basic settlement units are Jeřmanice ( Hermannsthal ) and Sibiř ( Bayerberg ). Jeřmanice also includes the localities of Fibich ( Viehbig ), Žižkov and Dolní Milíře ( Nieder Kohlstatt ).
Attractions
- Church of St. Anna, built 1811–1816
- Mountain Císařský kámen ( Kaiserstein , 637 m), so called since a visit by Emperor Joseph II in 1788
- Javorník Mountain ( Jaberlich , 684 m), a popular destination from 1899 to 1945 with the giant barrel
traffic
The Pardubice – Liberec railway and the R 35 / E 442 expressway run through the village , from which the village can be reached via exit 31 “Jeřmanice”.
literature
- Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia - statistically and topographically represented -, Bunzlauer Kreis, 1834, Calve'sche Buchhandlung, available online
- Anton Kessel: The former feudal estates of the rule Böhmisch-Aicha, 3, Das Gut Siebendörfel, in: Communications of the Association for Local Studies of Jeschken-Isergau 22, 1928
- Reichenberg - town and country in the Neißetal. A Heimatbuch edited by Randolf Gränzer with the participation of numerous Heimatfreunde, published by the Heimatkreis Reichenberg, Augsburg 1974, Hermannthal and district Kohlstatt pages 507 to 520 with two map overviews from the years 1647–1652 and 1945 and the owners of the Hermannsthal community with 286 houses and the district Kohlstatt with 33 houses; the market town of Dörfel (the former Gut Siebendörfel) pages 448 to 451; Böhmisch-Aicha Pages 423 to 433 with an overview sketch of the protective town of Aicha and a picture of the Rabenburg, the old castle of Böhmisch-Aicha on page 427
- Anton Franz Ressel: Local history of the Reichenberg district, town and country in the Neißethal, publishing house of the teachers' association Reichenberg, section 21 of the Hermannsthal community, pages 372 to 385
- Handwritten community chronicle by Hans Dittrich (* 1885, † 1981) beginning with the year 1914 up to the year 1945. Copy in the Heimatstube Reichenberg in Augsburg.
- Typewritten manuscript: The unforgettable home of Hermannsthal, written by Franz Lindner, former mayor of the town, copy in the Reichenberg home room in Augsburg
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/530484/Jermanice
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families, Blümegen family, page 48, Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, ISBN 3 7686 5002 2
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/530484/Obec-Jermanice