Hodkovice nad Mohelkou

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Hodkovice nad Mohelkou
Coat of arms of Hodkovice nad Mohelkou
Hodkovice nad Mohelkou (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Liberecký kraj
District : Liberec
Area : 1349.3273 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 40 '  N , 15 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 39 '57 "  N , 15 ° 5' 23"  E
Height: 367  m nm
Residents : 2,944 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 463 42
License plate : L.
traffic
Street: Liberec - Turnov
Railway connection: Pardubice – Liberec
structure
Status: city
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Markéta Khauerová (as of 2014)
Address: nám. TG Masaryka 1
463 42 Hodkovice nad Mohelkou
Municipality number: 564061
Website : www.hodkovicenm.cz

Hodkovice nad Mohelkou , until 1949 Hodkovice , (German Liebenau ) is a town in Okres Liberec in the Czech Republic .

geography

Panorama of the city and its surroundings from a southern perspective

The city is located in northern Bohemia , eight kilometers southwest of Jablonec nad Nisou ( Gablonz on the Neisse ), and is at the southern foot of the Jeschkengebirge on the valleys of the Mohelka and Oharka at an altitude of 351 to 502 meters above sea level on a mild southern slope, the enabled the cultivation of wheat, peaches and apricots. To the north of the districts of Záskalí and Ž ( árek, the Javorník (Jeschkengebirge) (684 m) rises . In the south begins the Jičínská pahorkatina (Jičín hill country).

The Dálnice 35 / E 442 runs through Hodkovice nad Mohelkou, which led along an old trade and military route (see Gabler Strasse ) from Upper Lusatia via Zittau and the Zittau Mountains to Prague . The state road 278 branches off to Český Dub in the village .

Neighboring towns are Zásada, Záskalí and Buršín in the north, Rádlo and Rychnov u Jablonce nad Nisou in the northeast, Rydvaltice, Pelíkovice, Radoňovice, Luhy and Bezděčín in the east, Jílové and Žďárek , Kohřárek and Coutrchovina in the southeast, Sedlejovice and Radostín in the south Southwest, Petrašovice in the west and Bohdánkov and Žďárek in the northwest.

history

Liebenau in the first half of the 18th century
Liebenau around 1860
City center with the town hall (right)
Old town with the parish church of St. Prokop in the background
Marian column from the early 18th century

The first written mention of the place was in 1352 as a parish in a register called the Pope - tithe , and paid 12 groschen every six months (Reichenberg paid 2 groschen, Gablonz nothing). In the confirmation books of the Archdiocese of Prague can be seen that in 1363 the priest Peter from Svetla (i) the holder of manorial Johann the Elder of Drazicz was presented. The German scholar Erich Gierach is believed that in addition to a hamlet after its owner Hodek the name Hodcouicz had (Hodkovice), a short time the city later Libenow was founded because in 1376, when Johann von Biberstein the priest Johann from the Meissen as his successor suggested the place was named as in Libenow . The local parish church of St. Prokop had its own pastor as early as 1384.

During this time, as the place as Hodcouicz or Libenow was called, he was a member of the then West Slavic and German language border to rule the castle Frýdštejn (Fried stone) and were serfs to the lords of Dražice. Located on the old trade and military route from Prague to Lusatia, Liebenau developed into the economic center of the rule and received city rights. The von Bieberstein and von Wartenberg families were among the owners . The residents were farmers, tradespeople (linen weavers, yarn dealers, gemstone cutters) and migrant workers.

After the uprising of the estates in 1547, the subordinate manor of Friedstein was expropriated. The new owner Johann von Oppersdorff united the dominions Český Dub (Aicha) and Friedstein. In 1591 the Smiřický von Smiřice acquired the rule, followed in 1622 by Field Marshal Albrecht von Waldstein and in 1634 by Johann Ludwig Hektor von Isolani . His daughter Anna Regina, Abbess of the Order of the Augustinian Sisters of St. Jakob in Vienna, gave the property as heir to the monastery of the Vienna Augustinian Canons , to which Liebenau belonged until the monastery was dissolved in the course of the reforms of Josephinism in 1782. The location on an important trade and military route led to numerous military marches with billeting and looting; the city suffered great damage, especially during the Thirty Years' War . It was burned down three times by Swedish troops, had only 21 houses in which 3 residents and 18 gardeners lived.

In 1782 the monastery of the Vienna Augustinian Canons was dissolved by Emperor Joseph II in the course of secularization ; Towards the end of the 18th century, the Rohan family was bought by the Bohemian Aicha. On April 8, 1806, a fire destroyed parts of the city. During the German War , a battle between Prussians and Austrians took place near Liebenau on June 25, 1866.

Until the abolition of patrimonial rule in 1848, Liebenau remained part of the Český Dub (Böhmisch Aicha) rule . Until the expropriation of Prince Kamil Filip Alain Rohan in 1945, the large estates remained with the Rohan, who had their seat at Sychrov Castle . In the 19th century Ferdinand Unger founded a glass jewelry factory, which is widely known and ceased operations during the Great Depression and its consequences at the time of the first Czechoslovakia . Konrad Blaschka (1810–1900), a member of the Blaschka families in Böhmisch-Aicha, founded the woolen goods factory Blaschka & Co. in 1838, and his descendants were successful employers in the city.

Panorama of Liebenau and the surrounding area around 1905, seen from Kapellenberg

After 1930 the residents of Liebenau had to struggle with high unemployment and economic hardship. To solve the Sudeten crisis after the Munich Agreement on September 30, 1938, which provided for the annexation of the Sudetenland to the German Reich , Liebenau was temporarily occupied by German troops who were welcomed by the German residents as liberators. The city was, close to the border of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , as part of the district Reichenberg , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the Reich District of Sudetenland incorporated. In the short term, the economic situation in Liebenau improved thanks to orders from Germany. During the Second World War , 77 men who were obliged to do military service died in military hospitals and prison camps.

In May 1945 at the end of the Second World War, the Red Army occupied the city , followed by Czech partisans . There were acts of violence, rape, murders, suicides, deportation to prisons and labor camps, and flight to West Germany or to neighboring countries. The survivors, mostly women with children, were forced to leave the city during the expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia towards Zittau . In 1949 the place name Hodkovice was changed to Hodkovice nad Mohelkou .

Since 1977, former residents of Liebenau and their relatives have met once a year in Königsbrunn in the Swabian district of Augsburg, their godfather city. A home parlor in the Lechfeld Museum there houses memories.

On October 7, 1977, due to thick fog, an aircraft on the way to Liberec (Reichenberg) lost its orientation and crashed on a hill above the Mohelka valley. Four uranium workers from Příbram were killed.

On the mountain Kostelní vrch southwest of the city there is a sports airfield, where the aeroclub regularly organizes flight days.

The market town of Libenau on Müller's map of Bohemia from 1720

Demographics

Until 1945 Liebenau was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 2,282 in 371 houses
1857 2,935 on October 31st
1900 3,156 German residents
1930 2,444
1939 4,339
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003
Residents 2 280 2 729 2 594 2,599 2,659

City structure

The town of Hodkovice nad Mohelkou consists of the districts Hodkovice nad Mohelkou ( Liebenau ), Jílové ( Jilowei ), Radoňovice ( Radonowitz ), Záskalí ( Saskal ) and Žďárek ( Scharingen ). The locations Buršín ( boys ) and Zásada also belong to Hodkovice nad Mohelkou .

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Hodkovice nad Mohelkou, Jílové u Hodkovic nad Mohelkou, Radoňovice and Záskalí.

Attractions

  • Baroque church of St. Prokop, built in 1721 in place of a previous wooden building. Before the Thirty Years War, around 1615, it was under the administration of a Protestant pastor.
  • Fountain in the market square, built in 1886
  • Town hall, neo-renaissance building by the Görlitz architect Wilhelm Klingenberg from 1889
  • Baroque Marian column on the market, erected in 1707
  • Statue of St. Anna from 1753
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, created in 1733
  • Group of statues of St. Luitgard, John and Paul; the sandstone figures created by Matthias Bernhard Braun were collected from other locations in 1750 and set up.
  • Statue of St. Peter and Paul, from 1754
  • Memorial stone for the plane crash of October 7, 1977, north of the city
  • Monument to TG Masaryk on the market, erected again in 1990
  • Way of the Cross and Chapel Boží hrob ( Holy Sepulcher ) on Calvary Hill on Kostelní vrch on the south-western outskirts of the city, built between 1818–1820

sons and daughters of the town

  • Karl August Edler von Unger (1832-1909 (?)), Landlord of the Landtafel -gut Klein- Rohozec near Turnov , deputy of the large landowners in the Kingdom of Bohemia, 1868 Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order, 23 July 1872 Elevation to the Austrian nobility
  • Josef Fanta: (1894–1974), picture carver and painter
  • Richard W. Eichler (1921–2014), art historian and writer

literature

  • The city of Liebenau , in: Reichenberg - city and country in the Neißetal. A home book. Edited by Randolf Gränzer with the participation of many homeland friends. Published by Heimatkreis Reichenberg eV, Augsburg 1974, pp. 552 to 575, with a city map and the 511 house owners in 1945, a map of Jelowei, Reichenberg district and an aerial photo of the city in a south-easterly direction around 1940 (p. 553)
  • Richard W. Eichler : Liebenau im Sudetenland , Munich 1966; Liebenau in the Sudetenland . Addendum: Some well-known Liebenauer, 1968
  • Ernst Schwarz : Folk history of the Sudetenland , Munich 1965, Volume 1
  • Anton Franz Ressel (1873–1933): Heimatbuch des Reichenberger District , 1903–1905, pp. 61–90 Liebenau in the Sudetenland and the former feudal estates of the Bohemian Aicha rule
  • Ferdinand Thomas: The last great peasant uprising in Northern Bohemia in 1775 , MH 1930, p. 193
  • Franz Thöner: Liebenau in the days of liberation in 1939 ; in: Jeschken-Iser-Jahrbuch , Reichenberg 1941/1942, issue 3/4
  • Erhard Bergmann: Kinship book of the Alt-Liebenauer and Langenbrucker parishes 1688–1709 , Gablonz / Neisse 1939
  • Maria Ludwig: The Liebenau entrepreneurial families Spietschka - Blaschka - May , Reichenberger Zeitung September 6, 1968
  • Heinz Blaschka: Liebenau on May 9, 1945 , Reichenberger Zeitung 19/1955; The night of horrors in Liebenau, ibid. 12/1960; Liebenau and its residents ibid. From 1963

Web links

Commons : Hodkovice nad Mohelkou  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/564061/Hodkovice-nad-Mohelkou
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Erich Gierach : Liebenau, a German city foundation, in: "Der Bund" Komotau 2/1932.
  4. ↑ a b c Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, p. 237, paragraph 54).
  5. ↑ a b Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 527, entry Liebenau , item 4) .
  6. ^ Theodor Fontane : The German War of 1866 . Volume 1: The campaign of Bohemia and Moravia , 2nd edition, Berlin 1871, pp. 149–153 .
  7. ↑ Augsburger Allgemeine , Tuesday, June 21, 2016, there: This is how the Liebenauer Bear came to Königsbrunn.
  8. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 196, item 12).
  9. ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 40, right column .
  10. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. City and district of Reichenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  11. ↑ Czeski Urząd Statystyczny
  12. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/564061/Obec-Hodkovice-nad-Mohelkou
  13. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/564061/Obec-Hodkovice-nad-Mohelkou