Sieniawka
| Sieniawka | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Zgorzelec | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 54 ' N , 14 ° 51' E | ||
| Residents : | 690 | ||
| Postal code : | 59-921 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | ||
| License plate : | DZG | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : | Dresden | ||
| Wroclaw | |||
Sieniawka (German Kleinschönau ) is a village in the municipality of Bogatynia . It is located in the extreme southwest of Poland and the Lower Silesian Voivodeship on the right bank of the Lusatian Neisse three kilometers east of the city center of Zittau and was a well-known Upper Lusatian pilgrimage site until the Reformation .
There is a border crossing between Zittau and Sieniawka (Chopinstraße), which, in contrast to the other Zittau crossing, Friedensstraße, is also passable for buses and trucks up to 7.5 t . The connection of the federal highway 178 via Polish territory to the D 35 near Chrastava (Kratzau) in the Czech Republic goes through Sieniawka.
The village is bordered to the north and east by the Turów lignite mine . Because of its border location, a large border market has arisen in Sieniawka. In the barracks, mainly cigarettes and items of clothing are offered.
history
The first written mention of Kleinschönau as Parvum Sonov comes from the year 1352, in a register of the papal tithe in the diocese of Prague. In 1353 the village was called Wenigen Schonaw to distinguish it from the other village in the Zittau Weichbild, today's Großschönau . In 1387 the town of Zittau acquired the town of Kleinschonichen from the Lords of Dohna on Grafenstein . The village opposite the current Zittau park in Weinau in the Neißeauen was henceforth part of the Zittau council villages. The only exception are the years from 1547 to 1549 when the city lost its property due to the Upper Lusatian Pönfall .
The Kleinporitsch Vorwerk has belonged to Kleinschönau since it was founded .
Kleinschönau was a place of jurisdiction to which the Luptin Vorwerk, located near the Bohemian border, was assigned. Since Luptin was closer to Oberullersdorf and was parish there, it was incorporated into Oberullersdorf in 1920.
The narrow-gauge railway line inaugurated in 1884 ran through Kleinschönau from Zittau to Markersdorf via Reichenau , which was later connected to the Bohemian Hermsdorf . This railway line was sung about by Kurt Piehler in the song Von Zittau goes off Reich'nau o hibsches kleenes Boahnel . After the border was drawn along the Neisse, rail traffic was stopped. Today you can still find the old tracks in the town center, while the rest of the route to Bogatynia has completely disappeared due to the Turów opencast mine .
In 1927, the Neisse river between Zittau and Kleinschönau was regulated.
On the site of the Vorwerk Kleinporitsch and the adjacent Großporitsch prisoner-of-war camp , a new barracks construction began in 1938. After the work was stopped due to the outbreak of World War II , the site was taken over by Zittwerke in 1944 . The team houses of the barracks in Kleinporitsch, which were almost completed and now used as prisoner-of-war camps, were converted into living quarters for the Zittwerke followers. Part of it is now used by the Voivodship Psychiatry Clinic.
In 1924 there were 975 residents in Kleinschönau, 981 in 1933 and 875 in 1939.
In 1945 Kleinschönau was one of the villages in the district of Zittau in Saxony that became Polish. The local population was expelled from 1945 to 1947. The neighboring towns of Zittel and Friedersdorf were later dredged over for lignite extraction.
church
Catholic pilgrimage chapel
The exact time of the construction of the church in Kleinschönau is not known. The original chapel was dedicated to St. Thekla . Inside was an image of the Virgin Mary, which was said to have miraculous activity and was the destination of pilgrimages.
It was a portrait of Mary with the baby Jesus in her arms, probably painted on linden wood. The colored painting on a gold background was surrounded by a wooden frame and was one cubit high and three quarters wide.
After the Reformation , the church remained unused from 1540 and the image was moved to the sacristy of the Johanniskirche in Zittau. In 1730, Elector Friedrich August I ordered the painting to be handed over to his court painter Johann Adolph Pöppelmann .
Protestant church
In 1580 the church was repaired and consecrated as a branch church of the Johanniskirche zu Zittau. Further repairs were made in 1588 and 1653. In 1657 the windows and the floor were renewed, while the church received a new ceiling made of wood paneling, which was provided in 1659 by the Zittau painter Johann Christian Leubner with 19 pictures from the Old Testament.
From 1687 to 1689 the eastern part was added and in 1702 the southern hall was added. The ridge turret was replaced in 1794 by a massive church tower that clearly towers above the compact nave. In 1858 the tower received new bells, which were made by the master bell founder Friedrich Gruhl from Kleinwelka .
interior
- The baptismal font and the holy water font were made of sandstone around 1500. At last the baptismal font was in the churchyard.
- The painted wooden figures of Maria, Magdalena and Margareta, which are between 0.80 and 1.00 m high and belonged to the old altar from the late Gothic period, probably date from this period. Further depictions of saints are a seated Mary with the body of Christ and Saint Martin on a horse. All of these figures from the old church are in the Zittau City Museums.
- In the church there is the altar with pulpit, which was made in 1731. The ceiling paintings made by Leubner in 1659, as well as the painting of the gallery, were lost during the renovations.
literature
- Tilo Böhmer, Marita Wolff: In the Zittauer Zipfel. Historical foray through Reichenau and its surroundings. Lusatia-Verlag, Bautzen 2001, ISBN 3-929091-85-2 .
- Friedrich Eckarth: Chronica or historical description of the village Klein Schönau , which is not far from Zittau , Herwigsdorff 1733. ( Digitalisat on Wikisource ), ( Digitalisat SLUB )
- Birgit Franke: Medieval pilgrimage in Saxony. A work report . In: Work and research reports on Saxon soil monument preservation 44, 2002, ISSN 0138-4546 , pp. 299-389.
- Cornelius Gurlitt (arr.): Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony . 29. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Zittau (Land) . Meinhold, Dresden 1906, (Reprint: Verlag für Kunstreproduktionen, Neustadt an der Aisch 2000, ISBN 3-89557-147-4 ).
- Carl Gottlob Moráwek : History of Kleinschönau near Zittau . Zittau 1873 ( digitized version )
Web links
- Upper Lusatian Bimmelbahn
- former narrow-gauge line Zittau-Reichenau-Markersdorf- (Hermsdorf in Bohemia)
- Kleinschönau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony